Izihlungi zamafutha. Sikhetha ngokuhlakanipha

Izakhi zokuhlunga ezifakwe ohlelweni lukaphethiloli zivikela injini evuthayo yangaphakathi ezinhlayiyeni zakwamanye amazwe, ngokuqinisekile ezikhona ngenani elilodwa noma kwenye ngisho nakuphethiloli ohlanzekile, osezingeni eliphezulu, ingasaphathwa eyo okufanele igcwaliswe eziteshini zikaphethiloli zase-Ukraine.

Ukungcola kwamanye amazwe kungangena kuphethiloli hhayi kuphela esiteji sokukhiqiza, kodwa futhi ngesikhathi sokuthutha, ukupompa noma ukugcinwa. Akukhona nje ngophethiloli nodizili kuphela - udinga ukuhlunga negesi.

Nakuba isihlungi sikaphethiloli singenakubalelwa kumadivayisi ayinkimbinkimbi, noma kunjalo, lapho kuphakama isidingo soshintsho, umbuzo wokukhetha idivayisi efanele ungadideka.

Ukuze ungenzi iphutha, lapho ukhetha isihlungi sikaphethiloli semoto yakho, udinga ukuqonda inhloso, izici nezici zokusetshenziswa kwedivayisi yohlobo olulodwa noma olunye.

Okokuqala, amadivaysi ahluka ngezinga lokuhlanzwa kukaphethiloli - ama-coarse, evamile, amahle kanye nenhlawulo eyengeziwe. Empeleni, ngokusho kokuhlunga kahle, amaqembu amabili avame ukuhlukaniswa:

• ukuhlanzwa okuqinile - ungavumeli izinhlayiya ezingama-microns angu-50 ngosayizi noma ngaphezulu zidlule;
• ukuhlanzwa kahle - ungadlulisi izinhlayiya ezinkulu kune-2 microns.

Kulokhu, umuntu kufanele ahlukanise phakathi kokuhlunga okulinganiselwe nokuphelele. Okungenani kusho ukuthi ama-95% ezinhlayiya zosayizi obaluliwe ziyahlolwa, ngokuphelele - hhayi ngaphansi kwama-98%. Uma, isibonelo, into inesihlungi esilinganiselwe sama-microns angu-5, izogcina u-95% wezinhlayiya ezincane njengama-micrometer angu-5 (ama-microns).

Ezimotweni zabagibeli, isihlungi esimahhadla sivamise ukuba yingxenye yemojula yamafutha efakwe ethangini likaphethiloli. Ngokuvamile lena i-mesh ekungeneni kwepompo likaphethiloli, okutuswa ukuthi ihlanzwe ngezikhathi ezithile.

Idivayisi yokuhlanza kahle iyisici esihlukile esingatholakala endaweni yenjini, ngaphansi noma kwezinye izindawo, kuye ngemodeli ethile yomshini. Ngokujwayelekile yilokhu abakushoyo uma bekhuluma ngesisefo sikaphethiloli.

Ngokwendlela yokuhlunga, izakhi ezine-adsorption ephezulu nevolumu zingahlukaniswa.

Esimweni sokuqala, kusetshenziswa amashidi amancane wezinto ezinama-porous. Izinhlayiya zokungcola, ubukhulu bazo obudlula ubukhulu be-pores, azidluli kuzo futhi zihlale phezu kwamashidi. Iphepha elikhethekile livame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlunga, kodwa ezinye izinketho zingenzeka - ukuzwa okuncane, izinto zokwenziwa.

Kumadivayisi ane-adsorption ye-volumetric, impahla nayo i-porous, kodwa ishubile futhi ayiyona nje indawo engaphezulu, kodwa futhi izingqimba zangaphakathi zisetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukungcola. Isici sokuhlunga singacindezelwa ama-ceramic chips, sawdust encane noma imicu (izihlungi zekhoyili).

Ngokusho kohlobo lwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi, izihlungi zikaphethiloli zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu ama-4 - i-carburetor, umjovo, izinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi zedizili namayunithi asebenza kuphethiloli wegesi.

I-Carburetor ICE iyona edinga kakhulu izinga likaphethiloli, ngakho-ke izakhi zokuhlunga zilula. Kufanele bagcine ukungcola okusuka ku-15 ... 20 microns.

Injini evuthayo yangaphakathi yomjovo esebenza kuphethiloli idinga izinga eliphakeme lokuhlanzwa - isihlungi akufanele sivumele izinhlayiya ezinkulu kuno-5 ... 10 microns zidlule.

Ngophethiloli wedizili, ubucwebe besihlungi sezinhlayiyana ngu-5 µm. Nokho, uphethiloli ongase ube namanzi nopharafini. Amanzi aphazamisa ukuvutha kwengxube evuthayo kumasilinda futhi abangele ukugqwala. Futhi upharafini ucwebezela emazingeni okushisa aphansi futhi ungavala isihlungi. Ngakho-ke, kusihlungi sezinjini ezivuthayo zedizili, izindlela zokulwa nalokhu kungcola kufanele zinikezwe.

Ezimotweni ezihlome nge-gas-balloon equipment (LPG), uhlelo lokuhlunga luhluke kakhulu. Okokuqala, i-propane-butane, esesimweni esiwuketshezi kusilinda, ihlanzwa ngezigaba ezimbili. Esigabeni sokuqala, uphethiloli uthola ukuhlunga okuqinile kusetshenziswa isici semeshi. Esigabeni sesibili, ku-gearbox kuhlanzwa kahle kakhudlwana kusetshenziswa isihlungi, okumele, ngenxa yezimo zokusebenza, simelane nokuguquguquka okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uphethiloli, kakade esimweni segesi, udlula isihlungi esihle, okumele sigcine umswakama kanye nezinto ezinamafutha.

Ngokusho kwendawo, isihlungi singakwazi ukucwiliswa emanzini, isibonelo, i-mesh eqinile kumojula kaphethiloli, ecwiliswa ethangini likaphethiloli, kanye nelikhulu. Cishe zonke izihlungi ezinhle ziyizihlungi eziyinhloko futhi ngokuvamile zitholakala endaweni yokungena emugqeni kaphethiloli.

Kwenzeka ukuthi ukuhlunga okuhle kukaphethiloli kwenziwa ngqo empompini yamafutha. Inketho efanayo itholakala, isibonelo, kwezinye izimoto zaseJapane. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukushintsha isihlungi ngokwakho kungaba inkinga enkulu, kungase kudingeke ngisho nokushintsha umhlangano wepompo.

Izihlungi zikaphethiloli zingase zibe nomklamo ongahlukaniseki, noma zingakhiqizwa endlini ebhidlikayo ene-cartridge eshintshwayo. Awukho umehluko oyisisekelo esakhiweni sangaphakathi phakathi kwabo.

Idivayisi elula kakhulu inezihlungi zezinjini ze-carburetor ezivuthayo zangaphakathi. Njengoba ingcindezi ohlelweni lukaphethiloli iphansi, izidingo zamandla ezindlu nazo zinesizotha - ngokuvamile zenziwe ngepulasitiki ebonakalayo, lapho izinga lokungcoliswa kwesihlungi libonakala khona.

Ukuze uthole ama-ICEs omjovo, uphethiloli unikezwa kuma-nozzles ngaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu, okusho ukuthi indlu yokuhlunga uphethiloli kufanele ibe namandla - ngokuvamile yenziwe ngensimbi engagqwali.

Umzimba uvame ukuba yi-cylindrical, nakuba kukhona namabhokisi angama-rectangular. Isihlungi esivamile sokugeleza okuqondile sinokufakwa okubili kokuxhuma imibhobho - i-inlet ne-outlet.

Kwezinye izimo, kungase kube khona ukulinganisa kwesithathu, okusetshenziselwa ukuphambukisa uphethiloli oweqile ubuyele ethangini uma ukucindezela kweqa okujwayelekile.

Ukuxhumana kwemigqa kaphethiloli kungenzeka kokubili ngakolunye uhlangothi nakweminye imikhawulo yesilinda. Lapho uxhuma amashubhu, i-inlet ne-outlet akufanele kushintshwe. Isiqondiso esifanele sokugeleza kukaphethiloli ngokuvamile siboniswa ngomcibisholo osemzimbeni.

Kukhona futhi okuthiwa izihlungi ze-spin-on, umzimba wazo onomucu kwelinye lamaphethelo. Ukuze zifakwe emgwaqeni onguthelawayeka, zivele ziklwelwe esihlalweni esifanele. uphethiloli ungena ngezimbobo ezitholakala eduze komjikelezo we-cylinder, futhi ophumayo uphakathi nendawo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona uhlobo olunjalo lwedivayisi njenge-cartridge yokuhlunga. Kuyi-cylinder yensimbi, ngaphakathi lapho kufakwa khona i-cartridge eshintshwayo.

Isici sesihlungi seqabunga sigoqwe njenge-accordion noma inxeba ku-spiral. Isici se-ceramic noma isihlungi sokhuni esinokuhlanza i-volumetric iyi-briquette eyi-cylindrical ecindezelwe.

Umshini wokuhlanza uphethiloli wedizili unomklamo oyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuvimbela i-crystallization yamanzi namapharafini emazingeni okushisa aphansi, izihlungi ezinjalo zivame ukuba nesici sokushisa. Lesi sixazululo senza kube lula ukuqalisa injini evuthayo yangaphakathi ebusika, lapho uphethiloli wedizili oyiqhwa ungafana nejeli ewugqinsi.

Ukuze ususe i-condensate, isihlungi sifakwe isihlukanisi. Ihlukanisa umswakama kuphethiloli futhi iwuthumele ku-sump, enepulaki yokudonsa amanzi noma impompi.

Izimoto eziningi zinokukhanya kudeshibhodi okubonisa isidingo sokukhipha amanzi anqwabelene. Isignali yomswakama owedlulele ikhiqizwa inzwa yamanzi, efakwe kusihlungi.

Yiqiniso, ungenza ngaphandle kokuhlanza uphethiloli. Wena kuphela ongeke ufike kude. Maduze nje, imibhobho yomjovo izogcwala ukungcola, okuzokwenza kube nzima ukujova uphethiloli kumasilinda. Ingxube ethambile izongena emakamelweni omlilo, futhi lokhu kuzothinta ngokushesha ukusebenza kwenjini yangaphakathi yomlilo. Injini evuthayo yangaphakathi izoba yimbi kakhulu, izoma ngokushesha nje lapho uzama ukusuka. Idling izoba nokungazinzi, uma inyakaza injini evuthayo yangaphakathi izophelelwa amandla, izonyakaza, inyakaze, iklinywe, idlule futhi ishayele ikhuphuka izoba yinkinga.

Ukushaya izandla nokuthungula ngeke kubonwe kuphela ngomjovo, kodwa futhi kumayunithi e-carburetor, lapho ukungcola kuphethiloli kuzovala amajethi kaphethiloli.

Ukungcola kuzongena ngokukhululekile emakamelweni omlilo, kuhlale ezindongeni zawo futhi kuqhubekisele phambili inqubo yokushiswa kukaphethiloli. Ngesinye isikhathi, isilinganiso sikaphethiloli nomoya engxubeni sizofinyelela inani elibalulekile futhi ukuthungela kuzomane kuyeke.

Kungenzeka ukuthi lokhu ngeke kuze kufike kulokhu, ngoba esinye isenzakalo sizokwenzeka ngaphambili - ipompo likaphethiloli, eliphoqelelwe ukupompa uphethiloli ngesistimu evaliwe, lizohluleka ngenxa yokugcwala okuqhubekayo.

Umphumela uzoba ukushintshwa kwepompo, ukulungiswa kweyunithi yamandla, ukuhlanzwa noma ukushintshwa kwemibhobho, izintambo zikaphethiloli nezinye izinto ezingajabulisi nezimba eqolo.

Isindisa kulezi zinkinga ingxenye encane futhi engabizi kakhulu - isihlungi sikaphethiloli. Nokho, kubalulekile hhayi kuphela ukuba khona kwayo, kodwa futhi esikhundleni esifike ngesikhathi. Isihlungi esivimbekile ngendlela efanayo sizokwandisa umthwalo empompini yamafutha futhi sincike ingxube engena kumasilinda. Futhi injini yomlilo yangaphakathi izophendula kulokhu ngokwehla kwamandla nokusebenza okungazinzile.

Uma isihlungi sikaphethiloli esisetshenziswa emotweni yakho siwumklamo ongahlukaniseki, ungachithi isikhathi uzama ukusihlanza, njengoba ezinye izingcweti zeluleka. Ngeke uthole umphumela owamukelekayo.

Lapho ukhetha isihlungi esizongena esikhundleni se-elementi eqede insiza yaso, kufanele uqale uqondiswe yimiyalelo yomkhiqizi weyunithi yamandla.

Isihlungi esithengiwe kufanele sifane nohlobo lwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi yemoto yakho, ihambisane nesakhiwo, inikeze amandla afanayo kanye nezinga lokuhlanzeka (ukuhlunga okuhle) njengento yokuqala. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akunandaba ukuthi yini ngempela esetshenziswa njengento yokuhlunga - i-cellulose, i-sawdust ecindezelwe, i-polyester noma enye into.

Inketho enokwethenjelwa kakhulu lapho uthenga ingxenye yokuqala, kodwa intengo yayo ingase ibe phezulu ngokungenangqondo. Enye indlela enengqondo kungaba ukuthenga isihlungi esivela eceleni esinamapharamitha afanayo nesokuqala.

Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi uyaqonda kahle ukuthi iyiphi into oyidingayo, ungabeka kumthengisi ukukhetha, umqambe imodeli nonyaka wokwakhiwa kwemoto. Kungcono kuphela ukuthenga kumthengisi onokwethenjelwa ku-inthanethi, isibonelo, esitolo, noma esitolo esithembekile esingaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi.

Ungajahi ukushibhile kakhulu futhi uthenge endaweni engabazisayo - ungangena kalula endaweni eyinkohliso, kuningi kubo emakethe yezimoto. Ezindlekweni zesihlungi sekhwalithi, izindleko ezingaphezu kwengxenye ezephepha. Lokhu kusetshenziswa abakhiqizi abangathembekile, basebenzisa okokuhlunga okushibhile kwekhwalithi ephansi emikhiqizweni yabo noma ukwenza isitayela sixege kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, cishe awukho umqondo ovela kusihlungi esinjalo, futhi umonakalo ungaba mkhulu. Uma iphepha lokuhlunga lingekhwalithi eyanele, ngeke lihlunge kahle ukungcola, imicu yalo ingangena emgqeni kaphethiloli futhi ivale ama-injection, ingaphuka ngaphansi kwengcindezi futhi idedele imfucumfucu eminingi. Ikesi elenziwe ngepulasitiki eshibhile lingase lingamelani nokucindezela kanye nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa futhi liqhume.

Uma usathenga emakethe, hlola ngokucophelela ingxenye, qiniseka ukuthi ikhwalithi yomsebenzi ayinakungabaza, qaphela ama-logo, izimpawu, ukupakisha.

Uma une injini ye-diesel, udinga ukukhetha isihlungi ngokucophelela. Umthamo onganele uzonciphisa amandla okupompa uphethiloli, okusho ukuthi esimweni sezulu esibandayo usengozini yokungaqali. Umthamo omncane we-water sump uzokwandisa amathuba okuthi umswakama ungene enjinini evuthayo yangaphakathi nayo yonke imiphumela elandelayo. Izinga eliphansi lokuhlanza lizoholela emibhobho evalekile.

Ama-ICE kaphethiloli anomjovo oqondile nawo azwela kakhulu ekuhlanzekeni kukaphethiloli. Kulolu hlobo lwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi, udinga ukukhetha kuphela isihlungi sikaphethiloli sekhwalithi ephezulu.

Uma sikhuluma ngabakhiqizi, izihlungi zaseJalimane i-HENGST, i-MANN ne-KNECHT / MAHLE zisezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu. Yiqiniso, futhi zibiza kakhulu. Cishe izikhathi eziphindwe kanye nengxenye ezishibhile kunemikhiqizo yenkampani yaseFrance iPURFLUX kanye ne-American DELPHI, kuyilapho ikhwalithi yabo icishe ibe yinhle njengamaJalimane okukhulunywe ngawo ngenhla. Abakhiqizi abafana ne-CHAMPION (USA) ne-BOSCH (eJalimane) sebenesikhathi eside futhi bazinzile. Anamanani aphansi kakhulu, kodwa ngokusho kwezinye izilinganiso, ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo ye-BOSCH ingahluka kakhulu kuye ngezwe lapho ikhiqizwa khona.

Esigabeni sentengo esimaphakathi, izihlungi zemikhiqizo yesi-Polish i-FILTRON kanye ne-DENCKERMANN, ISIHLUNGI sase-Ukrainian ALPHA, I-American WIX FILTERS, I-Japanese KUJIWA, I-Italian CLEAN FILTERS kanye ne-UFI zinokubuyekezwa okuhle.

Ngokuqondene nezinkampani zokupakisha - i-TOPRAN, i-STARLINE, i-SCT, i-KAGER nezinye - ukuthenga imikhiqizo yazo engabizi kungaba ilotho.