Izinhlobo zokumiswa kwezimoto
Okuqukethwe
Ukumiswa kwemoto kubizwa ngokuthi inhlanganisela yezingxenye eziningana, eziklanyelwe ukusebenza njengengxenye yokuxhuma phakathi kwesakhiwo somzimba wemoto kanye nomgwaqo. Ukumiswa kufakwe ku-chassis futhi kulawula imisebenzi elandelayo:
- ixhuma amasondo noma ama-axles esakhiweni sefreyimu noma umzimba (kuye ngokuthi yini ebhekwa njengesakhiwo esisekelayo kumodeli yemoto enikeziwe);
- idlulisela amandla esakhiweni esisekelayo, esibonakala lapho amasondo ehlangana nomgwaqo;
- ihlela uhlobo olufunayo lokuhamba kwamasondo futhi inikeze ukuthamba okwengeziwe emotweni.
Imingcele yokulengiswa eyinhloko ihlanganisa: ithrekhi, i-wheelbase kanye ne-ground clearance (noma i-ground clearance). Ithrekhi ubude phakathi kwezimbazo ezimbili zamaphuzu okuthintana nawo amathayi angaphezulu komgwaqo. I-Wheelbase isilinganiso sebanga phakathi kwama-ekseli amasondo angaphambili nangemuva. Futhi imvume iyinani elinqunywa ubude phakathi komgwaqo kanye nengxenye yemoto eseduze nomgwaqo. Kuye ngalezi zinkomba ezintathu, ukushelela / ukuqina kwesifundo, ukuhamba nokulawulwa kwemoto kunqunywa.
Idivayisi yokumiswa evamile
Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokumiswa, izici ezilandelayo zivamile:
- izindlela zokuqinisekisa ukunwebeka kwesimo sesakhiwo esisekelayo esihlobene nomgwaqo;
- ama-node asabalalisa izikhombisi-ndlela zamandla avela emgwaqeni;
- izinto ezidambisa amagalelo aqhamuka emgwaqeni;
- imininingwane yokusimamisa ukuzinza kwezifundo ezihlukene;
- izakhi zokubopha.
Ngasikhathi sinye, izindlela zokuqinisekisa ukunwebeka ziwuhlobo lwe-gasket phakathi komzimba wemoto kanye namaphutha akhona emgwaqeni. Yilezi zindlela ezokuqala ngqa ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke izinkinga zomgwaqo futhi zidluliselwe emzimbeni:
- izakhi zentwasahlobo ezingaqukatha uketshezi olusebenzayo kokubili kumjikelezo ongashintshi kanye noguquguqukayo. Maphakathi nendawo entwasahlobo kune-bump stop eyenziwe ngezinto zepulasitiki, eklanyelwe ukushelela futhi inciphise konke ukudlidliza okuvela emgwaqeni;
- iziphethu ziyinhlanganisela yezicucu eziningana ezinwebekayo zensimbi, ezibanjwa ingwegwe futhi zibonakala ngobude obuhlukene. Ngenxa yokuqina kwamapheshana ensimbi kanye nobukhulu bawo obuhlukene, ukungalingani kwendlela yomgwaqo kubuye kube bushelelezi;
- ama-torsion bars abukeka njengeshubhu elincane lensimbi, elinezinduku zangaphakathi kulo. Izakhi zenduku zisebenza ngesimiso sokusonteka nokuqaqa, njengoba imigoqo ye-torsion ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwayo isontekile eduze komugqa omaphakathi;
- Ama-pneumatics nama-hydraulics, asetshenziswa kwezinye izakhi zokumiswa, akuvumela ukuthi udlule ama-bumps omgwaqo ngokushelela ngangokunokwenzeka ngokuqondisa umzimba phezulu naphansi. I-elementi, esekelwe kumgomo wokusebenza womoya noma we-hydropneumatic, iyisilinda esivalwe ngokugcwele esivuthwe ngoketshezi olucindezelwe noma umoya futhi silawula ukuqina ngesikhathi sokulawula.
Amanodi asabalalisa izikhombisi-ndlela zomthelela ovela emgwaqeni asebenza imisebenzi eminingana. Okokuqala, kukhona ukulungiswa okunokwethenjelwa kakhudlwana kwamayunithi okumiswa emzimbeni, okwesibili, inqubo yokudlulisela amandla egunjini labagibeli iyathamba futhi, okwesithathu, kuqinisekiswa isikhundla esidingekayo samasondo okushayela ngokuhlobene nezimbazo zokuhamba. . Izakhi zokusabalalisa zifaka izinsimbi eziphindwe kabili kanye nezingxenye ze-lever eziphambanayo ne-longitudinal.
Isici sokudambisa amandla okuzamazama komgwaqo (i-shock absorber) simelana nokushaqeka nokudlidliza okuvela emgwaqeni. Ngaphandle, i-shock absorber ibukeka njengeshubhu lensimbi elibushelelezi elinezingxenye ezishiselwe zokubopha. Ukusebenza kwesici sokucisha kuqinisekiswa ngokusebenzisa amandla we-hydraulic, okungukuthi, ngaphansi kwesenzo sokungahambi kahle, uketshezi olusebenzayo ludlula ku-valve lusuka kwesinye imbobo luye kwesinye.
Imininingwane yokusimamisa ukuzinza okuphambanayo kwemoto iyibha nezisekelo zokunamathisela ingxenye ethile yomzimba. Lezi zingxenye zixhuma izinsimbi zamasondo aphambene. Ngenxa yalokhu, zandisa ukuzinza kwemoto futhi zishelele umqulu lapho ijika emakhoneni.
Izinto zokubopha zihlanganisa kokubili ukuxhumana okuboshiwe, okuyisiyingi nepulasitiki. Isibonelo, amabhulokhi athule anomfutho ophezulu acindezelwa kumalever futhi aboshelwe emzimbeni noma kuhlaka. Futhi ijoyinti yebhola iyihinge egxilwe ezinsikeni ngengxenye eyodwa, kanti enye ixhumene nokusekelwa komshini wesondo.
Izinhlobo zokumiswa ezikhona
В зависимости от различий в конструкции, системы подрессоривания разделяются на два больших типа — зависимые и независимые подвески. Каждый из этих типов характеризуется своими достоинствами и недостатками, однако нельзя сказать, что какой-то тип предпочтительнее другого.
Ukumiswa okuncikile
Ihluke ngesakhiwo esilula nokusebenza. Umgomo wokusebenza usekelwe ekuxhumekeni okuqinile kwezinqubo zamasondo aphambene, okungukuthi, ukunyakaza kwesondo elilodwa kuzodala ukujikeleza kwelinye njalo.
Lona uhlobo "lwakudala" kakhulu lwendlela yokulengiswa, izimoto zanamuhla ezazuza njengefa enqoleni yokuqala edonswa amahhashi. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuzange kuvimbele ukumiswa okuncikile ekuthuthukisweni njalo, ngakho-ke namuhla kubhekwa njengento evamile njengentsha, ezimele.
Inzuzo eyinhloko yokumiswa okuncikile isiqinisekiso sokuthi imingcele yokuhamba kwesondo ngeke ishintshe ngisho nalapho idlula ekhoneni eliqinile. Amasondo aphikisanayo azohlala ehambisana namanye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emigwaqweni engekho emgwaqeni noma emigwaqweni emibi kakhulu, i-wheelset izohlala isesimweni esihle kakhulu nesiphephile semoto - i-perpendicularly perpendicular surface of the canvas.
Kodwa-ke, abashayeli bavame ukuzwa ukungakhululeki ngokushayela izimoto ezinohlobo oluncikile lokumiswa. Isibonelo, lapho ushaya isithiyo (igquma, umgodi, i-rut), ngenxa yokuqhubeka kokuhamba kwesondo lamasondo, imoto ingaphambuka ekuthambekeni kwe-axle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlelwa okuqondile kwezinqubo akuvumeli ukwandisa isikhala esisebenzisekayo ku-trunk, kwezinye izimo indawo ephakeme ye-propulsion unit nayo iyadingeka, okuthinta ngokuqondile ukuguquguquka phakathi nendawo ye-gravity yemoto.
Ngenxa yalokhu, ukumiswa okuncikile manje sekuvame ukusetshenziswa emalolini, emabhasini abagibeli nasezimotweni ezingekho emgwaqeni. Ezimotweni zabagibeli, lolu hlobo lokumiswa luyivelakancane, ngoba alunikezi umshayeli ukuphatha nokunethezeka. Kodwa-ke, ezimotweni zabagibeli ezihamba ngamasondo angaphambili, kungenzeka ukuthi ufake ezinye izinhlobo zalolu hlobo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukusebenza kanye nokuba lula.
Uhlobo oluncikile luhlanganisa izinhlobo eziningana:
- izakhi ezitholakala esakhiweni sasentwasahlobo sesigaba sesiphambano;
- izakhi ezitholakala emithonjeni yesigaba se-longitudinal;
- ama-assemblies anezingxenye ze-lever eziqondisayo;
- ukumiswa nge-drawbar noma i-tube;
- umbono "De Dion";
- i-torsion-lever.
Ukumiswa okuzimele
Ngokwesakhiwo, lokhu kuyindlela eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu evumela ukuthi ipheya lamasondo likwazi ukuzungeza ngaphandle kwelinye. Ngenxa yalokho, ukusetshenziswa kohlobo oluzimele lokumiswa kuqinisekisa ukuhamba okuhle.
Amasondo azimele angakwazi ukuhamba emigwaqweni ehlukene nangesivinini esihlukile. Lokhu kunikeza kokubili ukusetshenziswa kalula kanye nekhono lokunqoba izithiyo zomgwaqo ngokunethezeka okukhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ezinye izinhlobo zokumiswa okuzimele ziye zanda kakhulu namuhla ngenxa yesabelomali sabo nokukhiqiza (isibonelo, uhlobo lweMacPherson kanye nokumiswa kwe-Multi-link).
Umgomo oyinhloko wokusebenza kwezinhlelo ezizimele zokumiswa wukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezimangalisayo (ezinyakazayo) ezindleleni zamasondo. Ngakho-ke, lapho kudlula izithiyo, isondo ngalinye lizoziphatha ngendlela ehlukile, okuzonikeza umshayeli nabagibeli bakhe ukuhamba okushelelayo. Nakulokhu, le nzuzo yabashayeli abaningi ingaba yingozi: lapho kungena ijika, amasondo awahambisani, okudinga ukuncishiswa komkhawulo wejubane engxenyeni ngayinye eyingozi yomgwaqo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokugqoka okungalingani, ukukhubazeka okuhlukahlukene ekusebenzeni kungase kubonakale esikhathini esizayo. Ngakho-ke, ukumiswa okuzimele kaningi kunalabo abathembele kudinga ukuxilongwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nokushintshwa, lezi zinsizakalo zenziwa ezikhungweni zobuchwepheshe ze-FAVORIT MOTORS Group, abasebenzi bayo abaneziqu ezidingekayo.
Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwezinhlelo ezizimele zokumiswa kusemishini yezimoto ezidonsa ngamasondo angemuva.
Uhlobo oluzimele luhlanganisa izinhlobo eziningana:
- ngama-semi-axes angu-2 anemvelo "yokushwiba" yomsebenzi;
- izakhi ezitholakala kuma-semiax we-longitudinal;
- intwasahlobo;
- ukuhlushwa;
- "Dubonne" uhlobo;
- ukuhlelwa kuma-levers aphindwe kabili kwesigaba se-longitudinal;
- indawo kuma-levers oblique;
- ukuhlelwa kuma-levers aphindwe kabili we-cross section;
- intwasahlobo;
- izixhumanisi eziningi;
- Uhlobo lwe-MacPherson;
- ikhandlela.
Umgomo wokusebenza kokumiswa
Kungakhathalekile ukuthi yiziphi izici zokuklama kanye nohlobo, uhlelo lokusebenza lokumiswa lusekelwe ekuguqulweni kwamandla atholwe endleleni yomgwaqo. Okusho ukuthi, lapho isondo lemoto lithola ukushaya okwenzeka lapho lishaya itshe, iqhubu noma liwela emgodini, amandla e-kinetic alokhu kushaywa adluliselwa ngokushesha entweni yokumiswa kwe-elastic (spring).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amandla omthelela ashelelwa (athanjiswe) ngomsebenzi wokusabalalisa we-shock absorber. Ngakho, amandla atholakala esondweni anikezwa umzimba ngendlela encishiswe kakhulu. Kusuka kulokhu ukuthi ukushelela kokugibela kuzoncika.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo luni lwesistimu yokumiswa esetshenziswa emotweni, umnikazi wemoto kufanele anake ngokukhethekile izakhi zokumiswa. Uma kwenzeka ukuqina komshini kanye nokubonakala kokungqongqoza okusolisayo endaweni yokudonsa ukushaqeka, kufanele uthinte ochwepheshe ngokushesha, ngoba ukulungiswa okufika ngesikhathi kuphela kungasindisa imali ekulungisweni okuzayo kwalo lonke uhlelo lokumiswa. . Izinsizakalo ezihlinzekwa yi-Favorit Motors Group of Companies zibonakala ngenani elifanele lezinga lentengo, ngakho-ke zibhekwa njengezithengekayo kubo bonke abathanda izimoto zenhloko-dolobha.
