Izinhlobo zokuxhumanisa ama-coupling
Okuqukethwe
I-coupling iyisisetshenziswa esikhethekile (isici semoto) esixhuma iziphetho ze-shafts kanye nezingxenye ezihambayo ezitholakala kuzo. Ingqikithi yokuxhumana okunjalo ukudlulisa amandla emishini ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ubukhulu bawo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuye ngokuthi inhloso nokuklama, ama-couplings angaphinde axhume ama-shafts amabili atholakala eduze komunye nomunye.
Indima yokuhlanganisa amalunga ekusebenzeni kwemoto ayinakulinganiswa ngokweqile: zenzelwe ukususa imithwalo ephezulu emishinini, ukulungisa inkambo yama-shafts, ukuqinisekisa ukuhlukaniswa nokuxhumeka kwama-shafts ngesikhathi sokusebenza, njll.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezigaba
Izinhlobo ezidume kakhulu zokuhlanganisa embonini yezimoto zisezingeni namuhla, noma kunjalo, kunenombolo yamadivayisi azokwenziwa ngokuya ngezilinganiso zomuntu ngamunye zohlobo oluthile lwemoto. Uma kubhekwa inhloso eyinhloko ye-clutch (ukudluliselwa kwe-torque ngaphandle kokushintsha inani layo), kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa eziyinhloko zedivayisi:
- ngokuvumelana nesimiso sokulawula - okungalawulwa (unomphela, okumile) kanye nokuzilawula (okuzenzakalelayo);
- ngamaqembu kanye nemisebenzi ehlukene emotweni - eqinile (lokhu kufaka phakathi imikhono, i-flange kanye nama-couplings ahlanganiswe ubude);
- ukulungisa i-angle yokuxhumana phakathi kwama-coaxial shafts amabili, ama-couplings acacisiwe asetshenziswa (izinhlobo zawo eziyinhloko ziyi-gear kanye neketanga);
- ngokwamathuba okunxephezela imithwalo lapho ushayela (usebenzisa indlela yenkanyezi, umunwe-mkhono kanye nezakhi ezinegobolondo);
- ngemvelo yokuxhuma / ukuhlukaniswa kwama-shafts amabili (ikhamera, i-cam-disk, i-friction kanye ne-centrifugal);
- okuzenzakalelayo ngokugcwele, okungukuthi, kulawulwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umshayeli wenzani (i-overrunning, i-centrifugal nokuphepha);
- ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla ashukumisayo (i-electromagnetic kanye namagnetic nje).
Incazelo yento ngayinye
Ukuze uthole ukucatshangelwa okuningiliziwe kwemisebenzi nesakhiwo soxhumano ngalunye lokuhlanganisa, incazelo elandelayo inikezwa.
Akuphethwe
Zibonakala ngokuma kwazo okumile kanye nomklamo olula. Kungenzeka ukwenza izilungiselelo ezihlukahlukene kanye nokulungiswa emsebenzini wabo kuphela enkonzweni yemoto ekhethekile ngokumisa okuphelele kwenjini.
I-coupling eyimpumputhe iwukuxhumanisa okumile ngokuphelele futhi okucacile phakathi kwama-shafts. Ukufakwa kwalolu hlobo lokuhlanganisa kudinga ikakhulukazi ukugxila okuqondile, ngoba uma okungenani iphutha elilodwa elincane lenziwa, ukusebenza kwama-shafts kuzophazamiseka noma akunakwenzeka ngokomthetho.
Uhlobo lwe-sleeve lwama-couplings lubhekwa njengento elula kunazo zonke izinhlobo zokuhlanganisa izimpumputhe. Lesi sakhi sakhiwe ngesihlahla esifakwe izikhonkwane. Ukusetshenziswa kokuhlanganiswa kwemikhono kuziphendulele ngokugcwele ezimotweni ukusebenza kwazo kungasho imithwalo esindayo (ama-sedan ohlobo lwasemadolobheni). Ngokwesiko, ukuhlanganisa imikhono eyimpumputhe kufakwe ku-shafts enobubanzi obuncane - akukho ngaphezu kuka-70 mm.
I-flange coupling ibhekwa njengenye yezinto ezivame kakhulu zokuxhuma ezimotweni zazo zonke izinhlobo. Iqukethe amahhafu amabili okuhlanganisa anosayizi olinganayo, aboshelwe omunye komunye.
Lolu hlobo lokuhlanganisa luklanyelwe ukuxhuma ama-shafts amabili nge-cross section ye-200 mm. Ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obuncane kanye nomklamo owenziwe lula, ama-flange couplings awavumela ukuthi asetshenziswe kuzo zombili izimoto zebhajethi nezimoto zikanokusho.
Inguqulo yesinxephezelo yama-couplings (ukuhlanganiswa okuqinile) yakhelwe ukuqondisa zonke izinhlobo zendawo yokuhlala ye-shaft. Noma ngabe iyiphi i-eksisi i-shaft ehamba ngayo, zonke izinkinga zokufakwa noma ukushayela imoto zizolungiswa. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wokunxephezela ama-clutches, umthwalo uyancipha kokubili ku-shafts ngokwawo kanye nama-axial bearings, okuqinisekisa impilo ende yesevisi yezinqubo kanye nemoto yonke.
Okubi kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwalolu hlobo lwe-clutch ukuthi ayikho into enganciphisa ukushayisana komgwaqo.
I-cam-disc clutch inesakhiwo esilandelayo: iqukethe i-half-couplings ne-disk eyodwa yokuxhuma, etholakala phakathi kwabo. Ukwenza umsebenzi wayo, i-disk ihamba eduze kwezimbobo ezisikwe kuma-halves okuhlanganisa futhi ngaleyo ndlela yenza izinguquko ekusebenzeni kwama-coaxial shafts. Yiqiniso, ukungqubuzana kwe-disc kuzohambisana nokugqoka okusheshayo. Ngakho-ke, ukugcotshwa okuhleliwe kwezindawo ezihlanganisayo kanye nesitayela sokushayela esithambile, esingenalo udlame kuyadingeka. Ukwengeza, ukwandisa impilo yesevisi yama-clutches e-Cam-disc enziwa namuhla kusukela kuma-alloys ensimbi angagugi kakhulu.
Isakhiwo sokuhlanganisa igiya sinqunywa ama-halves amabili okuhlanganisa, anamazinyo akhethekile ebusweni bawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-halves okuhlanganisa afakwe isiqeshana esinamazinyo angaphakathi. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlanganisa igiya kungadlulisela i-torque emazinyweni amaningana asebenzayo ngesikhathi esisodwa, okuqinisekisa nomthamo ophakeme wokuthwala umthwalo. Ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo, lokhu kuhlanganisa kunezilinganiso ezincane kakhulu, okwenza kube yimfuneko ezimotweni zazo zonke izinhlobo.
Izinto zokuhlanganisa amagiya zenziwe ngezinsimbi ezigcwele ikhabhoni. Ngaphambi kokufakwa, izakhi kufanele ziphathwe ngokushisa.
Ukunxephezela ama-couplings anwebekayo, ngokungafani nokunxephezela ama-couplings aqinile, akugcini nje ukulungisa ukuhleleka kwama-shafts, kodwa futhi kunciphisa amandla okulayisha avela lapho ushintsha amagiya.
I-sleeve-and-pin coupling yenziwe ngama-halves amabili okuhlanganisa, axhunywe ngeminwe. Amathiphu enziwe ngezinto zepulasitiki afakwa emaphethelweni eminwe ukuze kuncishiswe amandla omthwalo futhi athambe. Ngasikhathi sinye, ubukhulu bamathiphu ngokwawo (noma ama-bushings) buncane, ngakho-ke umphumela wokuhluma nawo awumkhulu.
Lawa madivaysi okuhlanganisa asetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-complex of electric propulsion units.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-clutch eneziphethu zezinyoka kusho ukudluliswa kwetorque enkulu. Ngokwesakhiwo, lawa ama-halves amabili ahlanganisayo, afakwe amazinyo anomumo oyingqayizivele. Phakathi kwama-coupling halves kunemithombo esesimweni senyoka. Kulokhu, i-clutch ifakwe enkomishini, okokuqala, igcina indawo yokusebenza yesiphethu ngasinye futhi, okwesibili, yenza umsebenzi wokuhlinzeka nge-lubricant ezakhini zomshini.
I-clutch ibiza kakhulu ukwenza, kodwa ukusebenza kwayo okuhlala isikhathi eside kwenza lolu hlobo lwemishini lufanele izimoto ze-premium.
Iphethwe
Umehluko omkhulu kunabo abangalawulwa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuvala nokuvula ama-coaxial shafts ngaphandle kokumisa ukusebenza kweyunithi ye-propulsion. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinhlobo ezilawulwayo zokuhlanganisa zidinga indlela ecophelela kakhulu yokufaka nokuqondanisa kwezinhlelo zeshaft.
I-cam clutch iqukethe ama-couplings amabili wesigamu axhumene namanye ama-protrusions akhethekile - amakhamera. Umgomo wokusebenza kokuhlanganisa okunjalo ukuthi, lapho kuvuliwe, ingxenye eyodwa-ehlangene ne-protrusions yayo ingena ngokuqinile emigodini yomunye. Ngakho, ukuxhumana okuthembekile phakathi kwabo kufinyelelwa.
Ukusebenza kwe-cam clutch kuhambisana nomsindo owandayo ngisho nokushaqeka, yingakho kuyisiko ukusebenzisa ama-synchronizer ekwakhiweni. Ngenxa yokuthambekela kokugqoka ngokushesha, ama-halves ahlanganisiwe ngokwawo kanye namakhamera awo enziwe ngezinsimbi eziqinile, bese eqiniswa umlilo.
Ama-friction couplings asebenza kumgomo wokudluliswa kwe-torque ngenxa yamandla avela ngenxa yokungqubuzana phakathi kwezindawo zezakhi. Ekuqaleni komsebenzi wokusebenza, ukushelela kwenzeka phakathi kwama-halves okuhlanganisa, okungukuthi, ukushintshwa okubushelelezi kwedivayisi kuqinisekiswa. I-Friction in friction clutches ifinyelelwa ngokuthintana kwamapheya amaningana amadiski, atholakala phakathi kwama-couplings amabili alingana nosayizi olinganayo.
oziphethe
Lolu uhlobo lokuhlanganisa okuzenzakalelayo okwenza imisebenzi eminingana emshinini ngesikhathi esisodwa. Okokuqala, ikhawulela ubukhulu bemithwalo. Okwesibili, idlulisela umthwalo kuphela ngendlela ecaciswe ngokuqinile. Okwesithathu, zivula noma zicime ngesivinini esithile.
Uhlobo oluvame ukusetshenziswa lwe-clutch oluzilawulayo lubhekwa njenge-clutch yokuphepha. Ifakwe emsebenzini ngesikhathi lapho imithwalo iqala ukudlula inani elithile elibekwe umenzi womshini.
Ama-Clutch ohlobo lwe-Centrifugal afakwa ezimotweni ukuze akwazi ukuqala okuthambile. Lokhu kuvumela iyunithi ye-propulsion ukuthi ithuthukise isivinini esikhulu ngokushesha.
Kepha ama-clutch adlulayo, ngokuphambene nalokho, dlulisa i-torque ngendlela eyodwa kuphela. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ukhuphule ijubane lemoto futhi wandise ukusebenza kwezinhlelo zayo.
Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokuhlanganisa ezisetshenziswa namuhla
I-Haldex coupling idume kakhulu emakethe yezimoto. Isizukulwane sokuqala sale clutch yezimoto ezidonsa ngawo wonke amasondo sakhululwa ngo-1998. I-clutch ibivinjwe kuphela kwi-axle yokushayela yangaphambili ngesikhathi sokushibilika kwamasondo. Kwakungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi u-Haldex wathola ukubuyekezwa okuningi okungalungile ngaleso sikhathi, njengoba umsebenzi wale clutch wawungavumeli ukuba ulawule kahle imoto ngesikhathi sokukhukhula noma ukushelela.
Kusukela ngo-2002, imodeli yesizukulwane sesibili ye-Haldex ethuthukisiwe ikhishwe, kusukela ngo-2004 - eyesithathu, kusukela ngo-2007 - yesine, futhi kusukela ngo-2012 isizukulwane sokugcina sesihlanu sikhishwe. Kuze kube manje, i-Haldex coupling ingafakwa kokubili ku-axle yangaphambili nangemuva. Ukushayela imoto sekulula kakhulu ngenxa yakho kokubili izici zokuklama ze-clutch kanye nentuthuko emisha efana nepompo egijima njalo noma i-clutch elawulwa ngama-hydraulics noma ugesi.
Ama-Couplings alolu hlobo asetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni zakwaVolkswagen.
Kodwa-ke, ama-clutch e-Torsen abhekwa njengejwayelekile (efakwe ku-Skoda, Volvo, Kia nabanye). Le clutch yathuthukiswa onjiniyela baseMelika ikakhulukazi kumadivayisi ahlukile ashelelayo anomkhawulo. Indlela yokusebenza ye-Torsen ilula kakhulu: ayilinganisi ukunikezwa kwetorque kumasondo ashibilikayo, kodwa imane iqondise kabusha amandla emishini esondweni elinokubambelela okuthembekile emgwaqeni.
Inzuzo yamadivayisi ahlukene ane-Torsen clutch yizindleko zawo eziphansi kanye nokusabela okusheshayo kunoma yiziphi izinguquko ekusebenzeni kwamasondo ngenkathi ushayela. Ukuhlanganisa kuye kwacwengwa kaninginingi, futhi namuhla kungabhekwa njengokuthandwa kakhulu embonini yezimoto zanamuhla.
Ukugcina izintambo
Njenganoma iyiphi enye iyunithi noma indlela yemoto, izisetshenziswa zokuhlanganisa zidinga ukunakekelwa kwekhwalithi. Ochwepheshe be-Favorit Motors Group of Companies bazolungisa ukusebenza kokuhlangana kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo noma bashintshe noma yiziphi izingxenye zabo.
