Uhlobo lomzimba wemoto - yimuphi ozoba ngcono? Izinhlobo zomzimba

Uyini umzimba wemoto?

Kalula nje, umzimba "ungaphezulu" kwemoto. Futhi ngokuningiliziwe futhi ngokuhambisana nencazelo, i-motorization ingenye yezingxenye eziyinhloko zemoto, etholakala ku-chassis. Izakhi ze-hull yisakhiwo esisekelayo (isakhiwo) kanye nokucwenga. Ingafakwa kuhlaka lwe-chassis noma yakhe ingxenye ebalulekile nayo.

Isakhiwo esisekelayo somzimba "i-skeleton" yawo. Inesibopho sokuqina kwayo okufanele kanye nendlela yokubopha ezinye izakhi. Kuhlanganisa, phakathi kwezinye izinto:

• imigoqo,
• ukuqinisa,
• shaya ngaphansi kwebhampa,
• injini yemoto,
• i-sill beam: ngaphambili naphakathi,
• phansi,
• engathotshisiwe.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isikhumba (umzimba) sinesibopho sokwakha ingaphakathi lemoto - ingaphakathi. Kuhlanganisa zonke izakhi ezibonakala ngaphandle ezinesibopho sobuhle bemoto, njenge:

• umnyango,
• amaphiko,
• amabhampa,
• isivalo somboko
• isikhwama senjini (hood).

I-Hatchback, i-sedan, i-liftback noma i-station wagon. Yiziphi imizimba yezimoto ezidume kakhulu?

Uma ubheka izinhlobo eziningana zezimoto zabagibeli, kunzima ukungawuboni umehluko obonakalayo phakathi kwazo. Lokhu akubandakanyi kuphela umbala womzimba, kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke ukuma. Kunqunywa uhlobo lomzimba wemoto - noma okungenani ngokwemibandela ejwayelekile.

Lezi zinhlobo zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amaningana, isibonelo, ngenani lezinto eziqinile: eyodwa-, ezimbili- noma ezintathu-ingxenye. Lapho i-hood ne-trunk yehliswa ngokucacile, futhi i-contours yemoto inikeza umbono wokuthi iqukethe izakhi ezintathu ezihlukene (imizimba), sikhuluma ngemoto enevolumu emithathu. Uma uhlaka lucishe luwunxande (njengoba kunjalo ngamaveni), sibhekene nemoto eyi-monoblock. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimoto lapho i-trunk inqunywe khona futhi i-hood kuphela yehliswe ngokucacile yizimoto ezinamavolumu amabili.

Ukubuyela ezinhlotsheni zemizimba yezimoto ngokwazo, ezidume kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• i-hatchback,
• phakamisa emuva
• Iveni,
• sedan,
• coupe,
• iyaguquleka,
• i-limousine,
• Phakamisa
• iveni elincane,
• phuma,
• I-SUV,
• i-crossover.

Ngamunye wabo unezici zayo, ezithinta kokubili ukubukeka nokulula ukusetshenziswa kwemoto, nokusetshenziswa kwayo okuhlosiwe. Kuyafaneleka ukuxoxa kafushane ngamunye ngokulandelana.

I-Hatchback

Lolu hlobo lomzimba ngokuqinisekile lungenye yezinto ezivame kakhulu emigwaqweni yethu. Ihlukaniswa ngomnyango we-trunk, osebenza njengomnyango owengeziwe. Iphakama kanye newindi, okwenza umsebenzisi wemoto akwazi ukufinyelela kalula endaweni yemithwalo nangaphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umugqa ongemuva wezihlalo kungenziwa eligoqiwe, ngaleyo ndlela ukwandisa umthamo isiqu.

Ama-hatchback afika ngezicabha ezintathu (ngaphambili kwesokudla, ngaphambili kwesokunxele nangemuva) kanye nezicabha ezinhlanu (ngaphambili kwesokudla, ngaphambili kwesokunxele, ngemuva kwesokudla, ngemuva kwesokunxele nangemuva). Ngokuvamile banomzimba wevolumu emibili kanye nesimo esilula (umugqa wephahla wehliswa kancane, umugqa we-hood wehliswa kakhulu). Ama-hatchback adumile ahlanganisa iFord Focus neVolkswagen Golf.

Phakamisa emuva

Lo mzimba wemoto uvame ukudideka ne-hatchback. Futhi akumangazi, ngoba ukwakheka kwabo kufana kakhulu. I-liftback ihluke kokwandulelayo ikakhulukazi kuphela emthambekeni omkhulu womnyango ongemuva (isivalo se-trunk). Ummeleli odumile walolu hlobo lomzimba i-Seat Toledo I.

esiteshini enqoleni

Zibizwa ngezimoto zomndeni. Izinqola zesiteshi yizimoto ezibonakala ngengxenye engemuva enwetshiwe - ngokuvamile indawo yemithwalo. Iwindi elingeziwe, lesithathu lesithathu lijwayelekile kakhulu kulo mzimba. Iyingxenye yeqembu lemizimba emibili.

Ukuhlinzekwa okwengeziwe kwendawo yemithwalo ukufakwa kwama-roof rails ezimotweni zesimanje ezinalolu hlobo lomzimba. Ikuvumela ukuthi uhlomise imoto yakho nge-rack rack yokuthutha amabhayisikili noma ama-skis. Izinqola zesiteshi ngokuvamile zinezicabha ezinhlanu (iVolkswagen Passat, iFord Mondeo), kodwa kukhona namamodeli anezicabha ezintathu (Trabant Universal, Opel Kadett E).

С

Uhlobo lwemizimba emithathu yemoto enezicabha ezimbili noma ezine. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokungafani ne-hatchback, isivalo se-trunk asivuli kanye nengilazi. Futhi lesi sici singesinye sezici ezihluke kakhulu ze-sedan. Njengoba sesishilo, lolu hlobo lomzimba wemoto we-classic lungatholakala enguqulweni yeminyango emibili, okuyinto, noma kunjalo, ayikhawuleli isikhala sabagibeli (isahlala 4-6). Imoto yakudala yalolu hlobo i-Audi A8 noma iBMW 7.

I-sedan itholakala ngohlobo olukhethekile lwe-hardtop, engenazinsika phakathi kwamafasitela aseceleni nophahla oluqinile (oluguquguqukayo) noma olulungisiwe (oluguquguqukayo). Ama-Sedan ahlanganisa nama-limousine. Ngokuvamile lolu hlobo lomzimba wonke lubizwa ngokuthi i-limousine.

Umbhangqwana

Umzimba ogama lawo lisho (isiFulentshi) "ukusika". Iphinde futhi uma uyibuka nje ukuthi inophahla olwehlelayo olubheke ngemuva. Ama-Coupes yizimoto ezinezicabha ezimbili ezinezihlalo eziningi ezisuka ku-2 kuya ku-4. Ukubukeka kwezimoto kusikhumbuza amamodeli ezemidlalo - futhi lokhu kuvame ukuba njalo, njengoba kwenzeka ngePorsche 911. Umzimba okukhulunywa ngawo ungase ube. etholakala ngenguqulo eguqulekayo (nophahla olugoqekayo olufihlwe esiqwini) kanye ne-hardtop (ingaphezulu eliqinile noma uphahla olungaguquki).

Convertible

Isici sesici sokuguquguquka (okuguquguqukayo) indawo yabagibeli evulekile. Lezi zimoto zinophahla oluthambile noma oluqinile olugoqekayo olucasha esiqwini, futhi azinazo izinsika eziqondile noma amafreyimu engxenyeni yophahla (ngaphandle kwendawo ezungeze i-windshield). Ngokuvamile ziza ngomklamo weminyango emibili. I-convertible ethandwayo, isibonelo, i-BMW 3 eguqulwayo. Iqembu leziguquguqukayo lihlanganisa nabagibeli bemigwaqo, izimoto zezemidlalo ezincane ezinengaphambili ende kanye nengemuva elifushane (Tesla Roadster).

Phakamisa

I-cinema yakudala yaseMelika, isivakashi esiya njalo emigwaqweni yasePoland. Lolu hlobo lomzimba luhlanganisa izici zomgibeli, ezingekho emgwaqeni kanye nemoto yokulethwa. Ihlukaniswa ngokuba khona kwendawo yezimpahla evulekile unomphela etholakala ngemuva (ngokushesha ngemuva kwendlu yabagibeli). Ibhokisi lingavalwa ngezakhiwo ezikhethekile. 

I-cabin ingaba eyodwa (abantu ababili noma abathathu, iminyango emibili), abantu ababili (abantu abahlanu noma abayisithupha, iminyango emine) noma inwetshiwe (ngebhentshi lomuntu oyedwa noma ababili abengeziwe). Iveni elidumile iToyota Hilux.

Iveni kanye neveni (iveni)

Sizihlanganise ndawonye lezi zinhlobo zemizimba yezimoto ngenxa yezimpawu zazo ezifanayo. Njengoba igama liphakamisa, iveni imane iyinguqulo encane yeveni. Singasho futhi ukuthi ngeso lengqondo ibukeka njengemoto yabagibeli; I-VAN ifana neveni. 

Zombili izinhlobo ziyizimoto ezinevolumu eyodwa noma ezimbili. Izici zabo zihlanganisa umzimba ophakanyisiwe, ovulekile, indawo enkulu yemithwalo kanye nenani elikhulayo lezihlalo (amaveni ama-5-9, imigqa engu-1-4 yezihlalo ezingu-2-4 zamaveni). Imini ejwayelekile iRenault Scenic kanti iveni yiFord Transit.

I-SUV Ngiyi-crossover

Lezi zinhlobo zomzimba zingahlanganiswa kalula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuvame ukuba nzima ukunquma ukuthi iyiphi imoto enikeziwe engekabani. Ahlukaniswa ngomzimba ophakeme kakhulu, obukeka njengenguqulo ye-off-road station wagon. 

Endabeni yama-SUV, lokhu ukuhlobana okuthile okulungile. Afakwe amasistimu asekela ukushayela ngaphandle komgwaqo kanye nokushayela okungu-4x4. Ama-Crossover ngokuvamile ane-front-wheel drive. Ummeleli ojwayelekile walolu hlobo lomzimba yiNissan Qashqai, kanti iSUV yiSubaru Forester.

Ukukhethwa kohlobo lomzimba wemoto kuncike kakhulu enjongweni yemoto. Uma uhlela ukushayela endaweni enenselelo enkulu, khetha i-SUV noma iloli. Izinkampani zamaloli noma imindeni emikhulu kakhulu izothokozela amaveni namaveni amancane. Ingabe udinga indawo enkulu yemithwalo? Uzowathokozela ama-crossovers nezinqola zesiteshi. Ingabe ungumthandi wobuhle? Uzothanda ama-sedans nemizimba yezemidlalo. Futhi labo abafuna imoto enhle, okulula ukuyipaka kufanele bakhethe i-lift noma i-hatchback.