Ukubilisa, ukushiswa kanye ne-flash point kaphethiloli
Okuqukethwe
Yini uphethiloli?
Leli phuzu liza kuqala ngoba libalulekile ukuqonda udaba. Uma sibheka phambili, ake sithi: awusoze wathola ifomula yamakhemikhali kaphethiloli. Ngokwesibonelo, ungathola kanjani ifomula ye-methane noma omunye umkhiqizo we-petroleum onengxenye eyodwa. Noma yimuphi umthombo ozokubonisa ifomula ye-motor petroli (akunandaba ukuthi i-AI-76 iphelile noma i-AI-95, evame kakhulu manje), inephutha ngokusobala.
Iqiniso liwukuthi uphethiloli iyi-liquid multicomponent, lapho kukhona okungenani izinto eziyishumi nambili ezahlukene kanye nokunye okuphuma kuzo. Futhi lokho kuyisisekelo nje. Uhlu lwezithasiselo ezisetshenziswa kuphethiloli ohlukahlukene, ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene kanye nezimo ezahlukahlukene zokusebenza, luthatha uhlu oluhlaba umxhwele lwezikhundla ezimbalwa. Ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukuveza ukwakheka kwephethiloli ngefomula yamakhemikhali eyodwa.
Incazelo emfushane kaphethiloli inganikezwa kanje: ingxube evuthayo ehlanganisa izingxenyana ezilula zama-hydrocarbon ahlukahlukene.
Ukuhwamuka kwezinga lokushisa likaphethiloli
Izinga lokushisa lokuhwamuka liwumkhawulo oshisayo lapho kuqala ukuhlangana ngokuzenzekelayo kukaphethiloli nomoya. Leli nani alikwazi ukunqunywa ngokucacile ngesibalo esisodwa, njengoba kuncike enanini elikhulu lezici:
- ukwakheka okuyisisekelo kanye nephakheji elengeziwe kuyisici esibaluleke kakhulu esilawulwa ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza ngokuya ngezimo zokusebenza zenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi (isimo sezulu, uhlelo lwamandla, isilinganiso sokucindezela kumasilinda, njll.);
- ukucindezela komkhathi - ngokucindezela okwandayo, izinga lokushisa lokuhwamuka liyancipha kancane;
- indlela yokufunda le value.
Ngophethiloli, izinga lokushisa lokuhwamuka lidlala indima ekhethekile. Phela, kungumgomo wokuhwamuka lapho umsebenzi wezinhlelo zamandla we-carburetor wakhiwe. Uma uphethiloli uyeka ukuhwamuka, ngeke ukwazi ukuxubana nomoya bese ungena ekamelweni elivuthayo. Ezimotweni zesimanje ezinomjovo oqondile, lesi sici asibalulekile kangako. Kodwa-ke, ngemva kokujova uphethiloli kusilinda ngomjovo, ukuntengantenga okunquma ukuthi inkungu yamaconsi amancane ihlangana ngokushesha futhi ngokulinganayo kangakanani nomoya. Futhi ukusebenza kahle kwenjini (amandla ayo kanye nokusetshenziswa okukhethekile kukaphethiloli) kuncike kulokhu.
Izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lokuhwamuka kukaphethiloli liphakathi kuka-40 no-50°C. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, leli nani livame ukuba phezulu. Ayilawulwa ngokwenziwa, ngoba asikho isidingo sayo. Ezifundeni ezisenyakatho, ngokuphambene nalokho, ibukelwa phansi. Lokhu ngokuvamile akwenziwa ngezithasiselo, kodwa ngokwakhiwa kwesisekelo sikaphethiloli osuka ezingxenyeni ezilula kakhulu neziguquguqukayo kakhulu.
Indawo yokubilisa kaphethiloli
Iphuzu lokubilisa likaphethiloli nalo liyinani elithakazelisayo. Namuhla, bambalwa abashayeli abasebasha abaziyo ukuthi ngesinye isikhathi, esimweni sezulu esishisayo, uphethiloli obilisa kulayini kaphethiloli noma i-carburetor wawungakwazi ukuyivala imoto. Lesi simo sivele sakha isiminyaminya sezimoto ohlelweni. Izingxenyana zokukhanya zashiswa ngokweqile futhi zaqala ukuhlukana nezisindayo ngendlela yamabhamuza egesi avuthayo. Imoto yaphola, amagesi aphenduka uketshezi futhi - futhi kwakungenzeka ukuqhubeka nohambo.
Сnamuhla, uphethiloli othengiswa eziteshini zikaphethiloli uzobila (ngokugcwala okusobala ngokuphuma kwegesi) cishe ku-+80 ° C nomehluko ongu-+ -30%, kuye ngokwakheka okuthile kukaphethiloli othile.
Iphuzu elikhanyayo likaphethiloli
Iphoyinti le-flash likaphethiloli liwumkhawulo oshisayo lapho okuhlukaniswa ngokukhululekile, izingxenyana ezilula zikaphethiloli zivutha emthonjeni womlilo ovulekile lapho lo mthombo utholakala ngokuqondile ngaphezu kwesampula yokuhlola.
Ngokusebenza, iphoyinti le-flash linqunywa indlela yokushisa ku-crucible evulekile.
Uphethiloli wokuhlola uthululelwa esitsheni esincane esivulekile. Bese ishiselwa kancane ngaphandle kokufaka ilangabi elivulekile (isibonelo, esitofini sikagesi). Ngokuhambisanayo, izinga lokushisa ligadwa ngesikhathi sangempela. Ngaso sonke isikhathi izinga lokushisa likaphethiloli likhuphuka ngo-1 ° C endaweni encane yokuphakama ngaphezu kwendawo yayo (ukuze ilangabi elivulekile lingathintani nophethiloli), umthombo womlilo wenziwa. Ngesikhathi lapho umlilo uvela, futhi ulungise iphoyinti le-flash.
Kalula nje, i-flash point iphawula umkhawulo lapho ukuhlangana kukaphethiloli ohwamuka ngokukhululekile emoyeni kufinyelela inani elanele ukuvutha lapho kuvezwe umlilo ovulekile.
Ukushisa okushisayo kukaphethiloli
Le parameter inquma izinga lokushisa eliphezulu elidalwa uphethiloli ovuthayo. Futhi lapha futhi ngeke uthole ulwazi olucacile oluphendula lo mbuzo ngenombolo eyodwa.
Okuxakayo, kodwa kungenxa yokushisa komlilo ukuthi indima eyinhloko idlalwa yizimo zenqubo, hhayi ukwakheka kukaphethiloli. Uma ubheka inani le-calorific lama-petroli ahlukahlukene, khona-ke ngeke ubone umehluko phakathi kwe-AI-92 ne-AI-100. Eqinisweni, inombolo ye-octane inquma kuphela ukumelana nophethiloli ekubukeni kwezinqubo ze-detonation. Futhi izinga likaphethiloli ngokwalo, futhi ngisho nangaphezulu izinga lokushisa lomlilo walo, alithinti nganoma iyiphi indlela. Ngendlela, ngokuvamile uphethiloli olula, njenge-AI-76 kanye ne-AI-80, aphelelwe amandla, ahlanzekile futhi aphephile kubantu kune-AI-98 efanayo eguquliwe ngephakheji elimangalisayo lezithasiselo.
Enjinini, izinga lokushisa lomlilo likaphethiloli lisukela ku-900 kuya ku-1100°C. Lokhu ngokwesilinganiso, nengxenye yomoya kanye nophethiloli eduze nesilinganiso se-stoichiometric. Izinga lokushisa langempela lokuvutha lingehla ngaphansi (isibonelo, ukuvula i-valve ye-USR ngandlela-thile kunciphisa umthwalo oshisayo kumasilinda) noma kwenyuke ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile.
Izinga lokucindezelwa liphinde lithinte kakhulu izinga lokushisa lomlilo. Uma iphezulu, ishisa kakhulu kumasilinda.
Uphethiloli welangabi elivulekile uyasha emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Cishe, cishe 800-900 °C.
