Okuqukethwe komlotha one-sulphate kawoyela. Lesi silungiselelo sithinta ini?
Okuqukethwe
Umqondo wokuqukethwe komlotha we-sulfate kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwamafutha ngokwale pharamitha
Umlotha one-sulphate iyiphesenti lesamba sengqikithi yesigcobo sezinhlanganisela ezihlukahlukene eziqinile zezinto eziphilayo nezingaphili ezakhiwe ngemva kokushiswa kwamafutha. Yile parameter evame ukucatshangelwa namuhla, nakuba kunezinye izinhlobo zokuqukethwe komlotha ezicatshangelwa ekucwaningweni kwamafutha.
I-Sulfate, ngokwencazelo, usawoti we-sulfuric acid, ikhemikhali equkethe i-anion -SO ekubunjweni kwayo.4. Le ngxenye yegama ivela endleleni yokubala umlotha emafutheni emoto.
Amafutha ahlolelwe okuqukethwe komlotha ashiswa ngaphansi kwezimo zaselabhorethri emazingeni okushisa aphezulu (cishe 775 ° C) kuze kube yilapho kwakheka isisindo esiqinile se-homogeneous, bese siphathwa nge-sulfuric acid. Umphumela we-multicomponent uphinda ubalwe kuze kube yilapho ubukhulu bawo buyeka ukuncipha. Lokhu okusalayo kuzoba wumlotha ongashi futhi uzozinza enjinini noma ku-exhaust system. Ubuningi bawo buhlotshaniswa nesisindo sokuqala se-prototype futhi iphesenti liyabalwa, okuyiyunithi yesilinganiso sokuqukethwe komlotha we-sulfate.
Okuqukethwe komlotha one-sulphate kawoyela ngokuvamile kuyinkomba yenani lezingubo zokuzivikela, ukucindezela okukhulu nezinye izithasiselo. Ekuqaleni, okuqukethwe komlotha wesisekelo samafutha ahlanzekile, kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lwemvelaphi yalo, ngokuvamile akudluli ku-0,005%. Okusho ukuthi, ilitha elilodwa lamafutha libalelwa ku-1 mg kuphela womlotha.
Ngemuva kokucebisa ngezithasiselo eziqukethe i-calcium, i-zinc, i-phosphorus, i-magnesium, i-molybdenum nezinye izakhi zamakhemikhali, okuqukethwe komlotha we-sulfate kawoyela kukhula kakhulu. Ikhono layo lokwenza izinhlayiya zomlotha eziqinile, ezingashi ngesikhathi sokubola okushisayo liyakhula.
Namuhla, ukuhlukaniswa kwe-ACEA kuhlinzeka ngezigaba ezintathu zokuthambisa ngokuya ngokuqukethwe komlotha:
- Ama-Saps Agcwele (amafutha omlotha ogcwele) - okuqukethwe komlotha ofakwe i-sulfated yi-1-1,1% yenani eliphelele lamafutha.
- Ama-Mid Saps (amafutha omlotha aphakathi) - emikhiqizweni enalokhu kwakheka, iphesenti lomlotha liphakathi kuka-0,6 no-0,9%.
- Ama-Low Saps (amafutha omlotha aphansi) - umlotha ungaphansi kuka-0,5%.
Kunesivumelwano samazwe ngamazwe lapho okuqukethwe komlotha emafutheni esimanje akufanele kudlule u-2%.
Ngabe i-sulfate ash ithinta kanjani?
Okuqukethwe komlotha we-sulfate ephezulu kubonisa iphakethe elicebile lezithasiselo. Okungenani, amafutha anomlotha omningi aphezulu ku-detergent (i-calcium), i-antiwear kanye nezithasiselo ze-zinc-phosphorus). Lokhu kusho ukuthi amafutha acebile anezithasiselo, zonke ezinye izinto ziyalingana (isisekelo esifanayo, izimo zokusebenza ezifanayo, izikhathi zokushintshanisa ezilinganayo), zizovikela injini ngokuthembekile emithwalweni ephezulu kuyo.
Umlotha one-sulphate unquma ngokuqondile inani lezinhlayiya zomlotha ezingashi, eziqinile ezakhiwe enjinini. Akufanele kudidaniswe ne-soot deposits. Umlotha, ngokungafani nomlotha, ungasha emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Umlotha - cha.
Okuqukethwe komlotha kunomthelela omkhulu ekuvikeleni nasekuhlakazeni okokuhlanza kwamafutha enjini. Lesi sici sihlobene ngokungaqondile nenye indinganiso yokuhlola ebalulekile yamafutha emoto: inombolo yesisekelo.
Yikuphi okuqukethwe komlotha kawoyela okungcono kakhulu enjinini?
Umlotha one-sulphated uyisici esingaqondakali samafutha enjini. Futhi ukukubona njengento enhle kuphela noma embi kuphela akunakwenzeka.
Okuqukethwe okwenyuka komlotha we-sulfate kuzoholela emiphumeleni emibi elandelayo.
- Ukwanda kokukhishwa komlotha oqinile, ongashi endaweni eningi yokukhipha umoya, okuzophazamisa impilo yesihlungi sezinhlayiya noma i-catalyst. Isihlungi sezinhlayiya siyakwazi ukuvutha ngokwakhiwa kwe-carbon oxides, amanzi nezinye izingxenye ze-carbon soot kuphela. Umlotha oqinile wezinto eziphilayo uvame ukuhlala ezindongeni zesihlungi sezinhlayiya futhi uqiniswe lapho. Indawo ewusizo yesisekelo sesihlungi incishisiwe. Futhi ngolunye usuku kuzomane kuhluleke uma amafutha anomlotha omningi ethelwa ngokuhlelekile enjinini. Isimo esifanayo sibonwa nge-catalyst. Kodwa-ke, izinga layo lokuvala lizoba phansi kunesihlungi se-particle.
- Idiphozithi esheshisiwe yekhabhoni kuma-piston, izindandatho namapulaki ezinhlansi. Ukupheka izindandatho nama-piston kuhlobene ngokuqondile nokuqukethwe komlotha ophezulu emafutheni. Izithambisi ezinomlotha ophansi zishiya umlotha omncane izikhathi eziningana ngemva kokutubeka. Ukwakheka kokufakwa komlotha okuqinile emakhandlelani kuholela ekushiseni okukhanyayo (ukushiswa kukaphethiloli okungakafiki ngesikhathi kumasilinda hhayi ngenhlansi yekhandlela, kodwa kumlotha oshisayo).
- Ukuguga kwenjini okusheshisiwe. Umlotha unomphumela olimazayo. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, lokhu empeleni akuphazamisi insiza injini nganoma iyiphi indlela: cishe ngokuphelele indizela epayipini khipha mshini ngaphandle kokulimala eqenjini piston. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni lapho injini ithatha uwoyela udoti, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo uhlelo lwe-USR lusebenza, umlotha ovuthayo uzojikeleza phakathi kwamakamelo omlilo. Kancane kancane kodwa ngokuqinisekile ukhipha insimbi kumasilinda namasongo episton.
Ukufingqa, singasho lokhu: ukwanda komlotha wamafutha ezinjini ezilula, ngaphandle kwama-catalysts nezihlungi ze-particle, kuhle kakhulu kunokubi. Kodwa ezinjinini zesimanje zamakilasi e-EURO-5 kanye ne-EURO-6, afakwe izihlungi zezinhlayiya nama-catalyst, okuqukethwe komlotha omningi kuzoholela ekugugeni ngokushesha kwalawa mayunithi ezimoto abizayo. Mayelana ne-ecology, inkambiso imi kanje: lapho umlotha uphansi, imvelo iyancipha.
