I-Su-30MKI

I-Su-30MKI okwamanje iwuhlobo olusabalele kakhulu noluyinhloko lwezindiza zokulwa ze-Indian Air Force. AmaNdiya athenge eRussia futhi agunyaza isamba sama-Su-272MKIs angama-30.

NgoSepthemba kuzobe kuhlanganisa iminyaka engu-18 kusukela uMbutho Wasemoyeni waseNdiya wamukela ama-Su-30MKI fighters okuqala. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-Su-30MKI yaba uhlobo olukhulu kakhulu noluyinhloko lwezindiza zokulwa zaseNdiya futhi, naphezu kokuthengwa kwamanye ama-fighters (LCA Tejas, Dassault Rafale), izogcina lesi simo okungenani iminyaka eyishumi. Uhlelo lokuthenga nokukhiqiza olunelayisensi ye-Su-30MKI luqinise ukubambisana kwezempi nezimboni zase-India neRussia futhi luzuzise kokubili izimboni zezindiza zaseNdiya nezaseRussia.

Maphakathi nawo-80s, ku-Design Bureau. U-P. O. Sukhoya (I-Experimental Design Bureau [OKB] P. O. Sukhoi) waqala ukuklama inguqulo yokulwa enezihlalo ezimbili ye-Soviet Su-27 fighter yangaleso sikhathi, eyayihloselwe ukundiza kwe-National Air Defence Forces (Air Defense). Ilungu lesibili labasebenzi kwakufanele lenze imisebenzi yomqhubi wetilosi kanye nomqhubi wesimiso sezikhali, futhi uma kudingekile (ngokwesibonelo, phakathi nezindiza ezinde) lalingakwazi futhi ukushayela indiza, ngaleyo ndlela ithathe indawo yomshayeli wokuqala. Njengoba inethiwekhi yamaphuzu okuqondisa ama-fighter asekelwe phansi ezindaweni ezisenyakatho yeSoviet Union yayingavamile kakhulu, ngaphezu komsebenzi oyinhloko we-interceptor yebanga elide, indiza entsha nayo kwakudingeka isebenze njenge-air traffic control (PU) iphoyinti lama-Su-27 fighters ahlala yedwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kwakudingeka ifakwe ulayini wokushintshanisa idatha ohlakaniphile, okwakuzodluliselwa kuwo ulwazi mayelana nezinhloso zomoya ezitholiwe kanyekanye kuma-fighters amane e-Su-27 (yingakho imboni yendiza entsha i-10-4PU).

I-Su-30K (SB010) evela kuNo. 24 Squadron Hawks ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca kweCope India ngo-2004. Ngo-1996 nango-1998, amaNdiya athenga ama-Su-18K angu-30. Indiza yahoxiswa ekusebenzeni ngo-2006 futhi yashintshwa ngonyaka olandelayo ngama-Su-16MKIs ayi-30.

Isisekelo se-fighter entsha, okokuqala eyaqokwa ngokungekho emthethweni njenge-Su-27PU, kwase kuba i-Su-30 (T-10PU; ikhodi ye-NATO: Flanker-C), kwakuyinguqulo yomqeqeshi wokulwa enezihlalo ezimbili ye-Su-27UB. Ama-prototypes amabili (ababonisi) be-Su-27PU bakhiwa ngo-1987-1988. e-Irkutsk Aviation Plant (IAZ) ngokulungisa i-prototypes yesihlanu neyesithupha ye-Su-27UB (T-10U-5 ne-T-10U-6). ; ngemva kokuguqulwa kwe-T-10PU-5 ne-T-10PU-6; izinombolo eziseceleni 05 kanye ne-06). Eyokuqala yasuka ekupheleni kuka-1988, kanti eyesibili - ekuqaleni kuka-1989. Uma kuqhathaniswa nendiza ye-serial yesihlalo esisodwa i-Su-27, ukwandisa ububanzi bendiza, yayifakwe umbhede wokugcwalisa uphethiloli ohoxiswayo (ngakwesokunxele. of the front of the fuselage), uhlelo olusha lokuzulazula, ukushintshisana kwedatha yemojuli kanye neziqondiso ezithuthukisiwe kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula izikhali. I-radar ye-H001 Sword kanye nezinjini ze-Saturn AL-31F (i-thrust ephezulu engu-76,2 kN ngaphandle kwe-afterburner kanye no-122,6 kN nge-afterburner) zihlale zifana naku-Su-27.

Kamuva, i-Irkutsk Aviation Production Association (Irkutsk Aviation Production Association, IAPO; igama elithi IAP labelwa ngo-April 21, 1989) yakha ama-Su-30 amabili angaphambi kokukhiqiza (izinombolo zomsila 596 no-597). Owokuqala wabo waqala ngo-April 14, 1992. Bobabili baya eFlight Research Institute. M. M. Gromova (Lotno-Research Institute eqanjwe ngoM. M. Gromova, LII) eZhukovsky eduze kwaseMoscow futhi ngo-August yethulwa okokuqala emphakathini embukisweni weMosaeroshow-92. Ngo-1993-1996, i-IAPO yakhiqiza ama-serial ama-Su-30 ayisithupha (izinombolo zomsila 50, 51, 52, 53, 54 no-56). Ezinhlanu zazo (ngaphandle kwekhophi No. 56) zazifakwe kumishini ye-54th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment (54. Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment, GIAP) kusukela ku-148th Centre for Combat Use and Training of Flight Personnel (148. Centre for Combat Ukusetshenziswa Nokuqeqeshwa Kwendiza Yabasebenzi Bendiza c) I-CBP ne-PLS) indiza yokuvikela emoyeni e-Savasleyk.

Ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet Union, iRussian Federation yavula okwengeziwe emhlabeni nasekubambisaneni kwamazwe ngamazwe, kuhlanganise nasemkhakheni wezikhali. Ngenxa yokwehliswa okukhulu kwezindleko zokuvikela, izindiza zaseRussia ngaleso sikhathi azizange zi-ode ama-Su-30 amaningi. Ngakho, indiza yagunyazwa ukudayiswa phesheya. Izimoto No. 56 kanye no-596 ngokulandelana, ngo-March no-September 1993, zabekwa ngaphansi kwe-Sukhodzha Design Bureau. Ngemva kokuguqulwa, basebenze njengababonisi benguqulo yokuthekelisa ye-Su-30K (Kommercheky; T-10PK), eyahluke kakhulu ku-Russian Su-30 ikakhulukazi emishini nezikhali. Eyokugcina, enenombolo entsha yomsila 603, yayisivele yethulwa ngo-1994 emibukisweni yomoya ye-FIDAE kanye nemibukiso eSantiago de Chile, i-ILA eBerlin kanye neFarnborough International Air Show. Ngemva kweminyaka emibili waphinde wavela eBerlin naseFarnborough, nango-1998 eChile. Njengoba bekulindelekile, i-Su-30K idonse ukuthakasela okukhulu okuvela ezibukelini zakwamanye amazwe, abahlaziyi kanye nabasebenzisi abangaba abasebenzisi.

Izinkontileka zamaNdiya

Izwe lokuqala ukuveza isifiso sokuthenga i-Su-30K kwakuyiNdiya. Ekuqaleni, amaNdiya ahlela ukuthenga amakhophi angu-20 eRussia futhi akhiqize amakhophi angu-60 anelayisensi eNdiya. Izingxoxo phakathi kohulumeni baseRussia namaNdiya zaqala ngo-April 1994 phakathi nokuhambela kwethimba laseRussia eDelhi futhi zaqhubeka iminyaka engaphezu kwemibili. Phakathi kwazo, kwanqunywa ukuthi lezi kuzoba indiza enguqulweni ethuthukisiwe neyesimanjemanje ye-Su-30MK (intengiso yesimanje; T-10PMK). Ngo-July 1995, iPhalamende laseNdiya lagunyaza uhlelo lukahulumeni lokuthenga izindiza zaseRussia. Ekugcineni, ngoNovemba 30, 1996, e-Irkutsk, abameleli boMnyango Wezokuvikela waseNdiya kanye nombuso waseRussia babambe iRosvooruzhenie (kamuva eyaba yiRosoboronexport) basayina inkontileka engunombolo RW / 535611031077 ebiza u-$ 1,462 billion wokukhiqiza nokuhlinzekwa kwezindiza ezingu-40, kuhlanganise neziyisishiyagalombili. I-Su-30K ne-32 Su- 30MK.

Uma i-Su-30K ihluke ku-Su-30 yaseRussia kuphela kwezinye izici ze-avionics futhi yahunyushwa amaNdiya njengezimoto zesikhashana, khona-ke i-Su-30MK - ngendlela yayo yokugcina yaqokwa njenge-Su-30MKI (Indian; NATO ikhodi: I-Flanker -H) - banohlaka lomoya olulungisiwe , indawo yokuphehla amandla kanye nezindiza, izikhali ezibanzi kakhulu. Lezi izindiza zokulwa zesizukulwane esingu-4+ ezinezinhloso eziningi ngokugcwele ezikwazi ukwenza uchungechunge olubanzi lwemishini yokuya emoyeni, ukusuka emoyeni ukuya phansi kanye nasemoyeni ukuya emanzini.

Ngokwenkontileka, ama-Su-30K ayisishiyagalombili, akhethwe ngokombandela njenge-Su-30MK-I (kulokhu, inombolo yesiRoma engu-1, hhayi uhlamvu I), kwakufanele alethwe ngo-April-May 1997 futhi asetshenziswe ikakhulukazi ekuqeqesheni. abasebenzi kanye nesevisi yezobuchwepheshe yabasebenzi. Ngonyaka olandelayo, iqoqo lokuqala lama-Su-30MKs (Su-30MK-IIs) ayisishiyagalombili, elingakapheleli kodwa elihlome ngezindiza zaseFrance nezakwa-Israel, lalizolethwa. Ngo-1999, iqoqo lesibili lama-Su-12MKs (Su-30MK-IIIs) lalizolethwa, ne-airframe ebuyekeziwe eneyunithi yomsila oya phambili. Iqoqo lesithathu lama-Su-30MKs angu-12 (Su-30MK-IVs) lalizolethwa ngo-30. Ngaphezu kwamaphiko, lezi zindiza kwakufanele zibe nezinjini ze-AL-2000FP ezinamabhobho anyakazayo, okusho ukumela izinga lokugcina le-MKI. Ngokuzayo, kwakuhlelwe ukuthi kuthuthukiswe indiza ye-Su-31MK-II ne-III ibe yi-IV standard (MKI).