I-Su-27 eChina
Ngo-1996, isivumelwano Russian-Chinese sasayinwa, ngesisekelo lapho PRC ingakhiqiza ngaphansi kwelayisensi 200 Su-27SK fighters, owathola ukuqokwa wendawo J-11.
Esinye sezinqumo ezibaluleke kakhulu ezaholela ekwandeni okukhulu kwamakhono okulwa ezindiza zamasosha aseShayina kwaba ukuthengwa kwamaRussia Su-27 fighters kanye nokuguqulwa kwawo okuphuma kuwo ngamakhono amakhulu nakakhulu. Lesi sinyathelo sanquma isithombe sezindiza zaseShayina iminyaka eminingi futhi saxhuma ngamasu nangokwezomnotho iPeople's Republic of China kanye neRussian Federation.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lesi sinyathelo saba nomthelela omkhulu ekuthuthukisweni kweminye imiklamo, kokubili okuvela ku-Su-27 kanye neyethu, njenge-J-20, uma kuphela ngenxa yezinjini. Ngaphezu kokwanda okuqondile kwamandla okulwa kwezindiza zamasosha aseShayina, kwaba khona, nakuba ngokungaqondile nangemvume yaseRussia, ukudluliswa kobuchwepheshe kanye nokufuna izixazululo ezintsha ngokuphelele, okusheshise ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezindiza.
I-PRC isesimweni esinzima kakhulu futhi, ngokungafani nomakhelwane bayo, ubuhlobo babo bungahlali bubuhle ngaso sonke isikhathi, ingasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe baseRussia kuphela. Amazwe afana ne-India, i-Taiwan, iRiphabhulikhi yaseKorea neJapane angasebenzisa uhla olubanzi kakhulu lwezindiza zokulwa ezinikezwa yibo bonke abahlinzeki balolu hlobo lwemishini emhlabeni.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlehla kwe-PRC, okuqedwa ngokushesha ezindaweni eziningi zomnotho, kuhlangabezane nesithiyo esingathi sína sokuntuleka kokufinyelela ezinjinini ze-turbojet, ukukhiqizwa kwazo okuqondwe ezingeni elifanele kuphela. amazwe ambalwa. Naphezu kwemizamo ejulile yokuvala le ndawo iyodwa (i-China Aircraft Engine Corporation, ebhekene ngqo nokuthuthukiswa nokukhiqizwa kwezinjini eminyakeni yamuva, inamabhizinisi angu-24 kanye nabasebenzi abangaba ngu-10 abasebenza ngokukhethekile ezikhungweni zamandla ezindiza), i-PRC namanje isalokhu incike kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kweRussia, futhi amayunithi amandla asekhaya, okufanele ekugcineni asetshenziswe kuma-J-000 fighters, asabhekene nezinkinga ezinkulu futhi adinga ukuthuthukiswa.
Yiqiniso, abezindaba baseShayina babike ekupheleni kokuthembela ezinjini zaseRussia, kodwa naphezu kwalezi ziqinisekiso, ekupheleni kuka-2016, inkontileka enkulu yasayinwa ukuze kuthengwe izinjini ezengeziwe ze-AL-31F kanye nokuguqulwa kwazo kwe-J-10 ne-J. -11. J-688 fighter jets (inani lenkontileka $399 million, 2015 izinjini). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umkhiqizi waseShayina wamayunithi wamandla waleli klasi wathi izinjini ezingaphezu kuka-400 WS-10 zakhiqizwa ngo-24 kuphela. Lena inombolo enkulu, kodwa kufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuthi naphezu kokuthuthukiswa nokukhiqizwa kwezinjini zayo, i-China isafuna izixazululo eziqinisekisiwe. Nokho, muva nje, akukwazanga ukuthola enye inqwaba yezinjini ze-AL-35F41S (umkhiqizo we-1C) lapho kuthengwa ama-117 Su-20 ama-multi-role fighters, okungenzeka ukuthi asetshenziswe ama-J-XNUMX fighters.
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi kuphela ngokuthenga izinjini ezifanele zaseRussia, i-PRC ingase iqale ukudala izinguqulo zayo zokuthuthukiswa kwe-Su-27 fighter kanye nokuguqulwa kwayo kamuva, kanye nokuqala ukuklama i-fighter enjalo ethembisayo njenge-J-20. Yilokhu okunikeze umfutho ekwakhiweni kwemiklamo yasekhaya esezingeni lomhlaba. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi isikhathi eside amaRussia ngokwabo banezinkinga injini, futhi izinjini okuhloswe Su-57 (AL-41F1 futhi Zdielije 117) nazo ukubambezeleka. Kuyangabazeka futhi ukuthi bazokwazi yini ukufika ngokushesha ku-PRC ngemuva kokufakwa ekukhiqizeni.
Naphezu kocwaningo nentuthuko eqhubekayo, indiza ye-Sukhoi izoba insika yezindiza zamasosha aseShayina iminyaka eminingi ezayo. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezindizeni zasolwandle, eziphethwe ama-Su-27 clones. Okungenani kule ndawo, izindiza zalolu hlobo zingalindelwa ukuthi zihlale zisebenza amashumi eminyaka ambalwa. Isimo siyefana endabeni yezindiza zasogwini. Izisekelo ezakhiwe eziqhingini eziphikisanayo, ngenxa yendiza yomndeni wakwaSu-27, zizokwenza kube lula ukusunduza imigqa yokuzivikela kuze kufike ku-1000 km ukuya phambili, okuthi, ngokusho kwezilinganiso, kufanele kunikeze isivikelo esanele sokuvikela indawo I-PRC ezwenikazi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lezi zinhlelo zibonisa ukuthi izwe selihambe kangakanani kusukela ama-Su-27s okuqala aqala ukusebenza nokuthi lezi zindiza zisiza kanjani ekulolongeni isimo sezombangazwe nezempi esifundeni.
Ukulethwa kokuqala: i-Su-27SK ne-Su-27UBK
Ngo-1990, i-China yathenga i-Su-1SK fighter enesihlalo esisodwa kanye nezilwi ze-Su-20UBK ezihlala kabili ezingu-27 ngamadola ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4. Lesi kwakuyisivumelwano sokuqala salolu hlobo ngemuva kwekhefu leminyaka engu-27 ekuthengeni amaShayina izindiza zamasosha aseRussia. Iqoqo lokuqala le-30 Su-8SK kanye ne-27 Su-4UBK lafika e-PRC ngoJuni 27, 27, elesibili - kuhlanganise ne-1992 Su-12SK - ngoNovemba 27, 25. Ngo-1992, i-PRC yathenga enye i-1995 Su-18SK kanye 27 Su -6UBK. Babenesiteshi se-radar esithuthukisiwe futhi bengeza isamukeli sesistimu yokuhamba ngesathelayithi.
Ukuthenga okuqondile kumkhiqizi waseRussia (zonke izihlalo zesiShayina ezinesihlalo esisodwa "ezingamashumi amabili nesikhombisa" zakhiwe embonini yase-Komsomolsk e-Amur) zaphela ngesivumelwano sango-1999, ngenxa yalokho indiza yezempi yaseShayina yathola i-28 Su-27UBK. Ukulethwa kwenziwa ngamaqoqo amathathu: 2000 - 8, 2001 - 10 kanye no-2002 - 10.
Kanye nabo, amaShayina aphinde athenga imicibisholo ye-air-to-air ephakathi nendawo engu-R-27R kanye ne-R-73 encane (izinguqulo zokuthekelisa). Lezi zindiza, nokho, zazinamandla alinganiselwe okuhlasela phansi, nakuba amaShayina aphikelela ekuthengeni izindiza ezinegiya lokuhlala eliqinisiwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza ngesikhathi esisodwa nenani eliphakeme lamabhomu nophethiloli. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ingxenye yenkokhelo yenziwa ngokuhwebelana; ngokubuyisela, amaShayina ahlinzeka iRussia ngokudla nezimpahla zemboni ezilula (amaphesenti angama-30 kuphela enkokhelo eyenziwe ngokheshi).
