I-MQ-25A Skat

Lapho i-MQ-25A ekugcineni ingena enkonzweni, izoba yimoto yasemoyeni ethuthuke kakhulu engenamuntu emhlabeni. Okungenani phakathi kwalezo ezingeyona imfihlo. Cishe wonke ama-drones asetshenziswayo njengamanje alawulwa ukude ngumuntu. I-MQ-25A kufanele imele isizukulwane esilandelayo sezindiza ezizimele ezingenamuntu ezihlala ngaphansi kokuqondisa komuntu kuphela. Isithombe se-US Navy

Ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi yocwaningo, ukuhlolwa nokuthuthukiswa, Umbutho Wezempi Wasemanzini wase-US ekugcineni usulungiselele uhlelo lokwethula izimoto zasemoyeni ezingenamuntu ukuthi zisebenze. Ipulatifomu, ebizwa nge-MQ-25A Stingray, ihlelelwe ukuthi iqale ukusebenza ngo-2022. Kodwa-ke, ngeke kube indiza yokuhlola, futhi ngeke kudingeke ukuthi ibe nezici ezingabonakali, njengoba kwakuhlosiwe ekuqaleni. Indima yayo yayilinganiselwe ekwenzeni imisebenzi yendiza efaka amafutha emoyeni. Umsebenzi wesibili kuzoba wukuphenya, ukucubungulwa kabusha kanye nokulandelelwa kwezinto okuhlosiwe (STR).

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka lika-2003, i-US Defence Advanced Projects Agency (DARPA) yaqala izinhlelo ezimbili zokuhlola ukudala izimoto zasemoyeni ezilwa nezingenamuntu. Uhlelo olwenziwa egameni le-US Air Force lwaqokwa i-UCAV (Unmanned Combat Air Vehicle), futhi uhlelo olwenziwa ngaphansi kwe-US Navy lwaqokwa i-UCAV-N (UCAV-Naval). Ngo-XNUMX, i-Pentagon yahlanganisa zombili izinhlelo zaba uhlelo olulodwa ukuze zenze "izinhlelo zokulwa ezihlangene ezingaphethwe muntu" noma i-J-UCAS (I-Joint Unmanned Combat Air Systems).

Njengengxenye yohlelo lwe-UCAV, i-Boeing yathuthukisa indiza ye-X-45A, eyandiza ngoMeyi 22, 2002. I-X-45A yesibili yandiza ngoNovemba wonyaka ofanayo. Njengengxenye yohlelo lwe-UCAV-N, i-Northrop Grumman yakha i-prototype yemoto yasemoyeni engenamuntu, eyaqokwa i-X-47A Pegasus, eyahlolwa ngo-February 23, 2003. Zombili zazinesignesha ye-radar ephansi, izinjini zazifihlwe ekujuleni kwe-fuselage kanye umoya wenjini wawutholakala engxenyeni engenhla ye-fuselage. Womabili futhi ayenamagumbi amabhomu.

Ngemva kochungechunge lokuhlolwa komoya, i-Boeing yakha esinye isibonelo, esiqokwe i-X-45C. Ngokungafani ne-X-45A yokuhlola, izoba nomklamo omkhulu futhi ogxile kakhulu, okukhumbuza ibhomu le-B-2A Spirit. Ama-prototypes amathathu ahlelelwe ukwakhiwa ngo-2005, kodwa awekho agcina akhiwe. Okubalulekile kwaba ukuhoxa koMbutho Wezempi ohlelweni lwe-J-UCAS ngoMashi 2006. Umbutho Wezempi wabuye wawuyeka, waqala uhlelo lwawo.

Uhlelo lwe-UCAS-D

Ku-2006, futhi ngokubambisana ne-DARPA, i-US Navy yethula uhlelo lwe-UCAS-D (Unmanned Combat Air System-Demonstrator), i.e. ukwakhiwa kombonisi wesistimu yokulwa yasemoyeni engenamuntu. U-Northrop Grumman ungene ohlelweni nge-prototype, eqoke i-X-47B, kwathi i-Boeing enenguqulo ye-X-45C esemoyeni, yaqoka i-X-45N.

I-Navy ekugcineni yakhetha umklamo we-Northrop Grumman, owawunenkontileka yokwakha umbonisi wezimoto zasemoyeni ezingenamuntu, waqoka i-X-47B. Lezi zinkampani ezilandelayo zabamba iqhaza njengosonkontileka abangaphansi kohlelo: i-Lockheed Martin, i-Pratt & Whitney, i-GKN Aerospace, i-General Electric, i-UTC Aerospace Systems, i-Dell, i-Honeywell, i-Moog, i-Parker Aerospace ne-Rockwell Collins.

Kwadalwa ama-prototypes amabili endizayo: i-AV-1 (Imoto Yomoya) ne-AV-2. Eyokuqala yaqedwa ngo-December 16, 2008, kodwa ayizange ihlolwe kwaze kwaba ngu-February 4, 2011, ngenxa yokubambezeleka kohlelo kanye nesidingo sokwenza uchungechunge lokuhlolwa kwe-avionics. I-AV-2 prototype yandiza ngoNovemba 22, 2011. Zombili izindiza zenzeke e-Edward Air Force Base eCalifornia.

NgoMeyi 2012, i-AV-1 prototype yaqala uchungechunge lwezivivinyo e-NAS Patuxent River eMaryland. NgoJuni 2, u-AB-2012 wamjoyina. Ukuhlola kwakuhlanganisa, kodwa kwakungagcini lapho, ukuhlola i-spectrum ka-electromagnetic, ukugibela amatekisi, i-catapult ukusuka kanye nokufika kwe-dragline endaweni yokucwaninga ephansi elingisa indawo yenkampani ethwala indiza. Ukukhishwa kokuqala kwe-catapult kwenzeka ngoNovemba 29, 2012. Intambo yokuqala yokwehla emfuleni i-Patuxent kwenzeka ngoMeyi 4, 2013.

Ekupheleni kukaNovemba 2012, ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwaqala emkhunjini wezindiza i-USS Harry S. Truman (CVN-75), egxishwe eNaval Air Station Norfolk, eVirginia. Ngomhla ka-December 18, 2012, i-X-47B yaqeda ukuhlola olwandle oluphakeme phakathi kwenkampani yendiza i-USS Harry S. Truman. Phakathi nohambo, ukuhambisana kwendiza nama-hangars, amakheshi kanye nezinhlelo ezisebhodini zesithwali sezindiza kwahlolwa. Kuphinde kwabhekwa ukuthi indiza iziphatha kanjani uma ihamba. I-X-47B ilawulwa kusukela phansi noma kusukela phansi kwenkampani yezindiza ngokusebenzisa itheminali ekhethekile yesilawuli kude se-CDU (Control Display Unit). "I-opharetha" yendiza iyinamathisela engalweni yakhe futhi, ngenxa yenduku yokudlala ekhethekile, ingakwazi ukulawula indiza njengemoto ngomsakazo. Emoyeni, i-X-47B yenza imisebenzi ngokuzenzakalelayo noma ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ayilawulwa umshayeli wendiza, njengoba kwenzeka ngendiza eshayelwa ukude njenge-MQ-1 Predator noma i-MQ-9 Reaper. Umsebenzisi wendiza unikeza i-X-47B imisebenzi evamile kuphela, njengokundiza umzila okhethiwe, ukukhetha indawo okuyiwa kuyo, noma ukuthatha uhambo nokuhlalisa. Khona-ke indiza yenza ngokuzimela imisebenzi eyabelwe. Nokho, uma kudingekile, ungakwazi ukulawula ngqo kuso.

NgoMeyi 14, 2013, i-X-47B yavula isahluko esisha emlandweni wokundiza kwezindiza zaseMelika. Indiza, ngemva kokuphuma ngempumelelo emphemeni yenkampani yendiza i-USS George HW Bush (CVN-77), iqede uhambo lwemizuzu engama-65 futhi yahlala endaweni yaseMfuleni i-Patuxent. Ngomhla ziyi-10 kuJulayi walowo nyaka, i-X-47B yenza imigqa emibili edonsa indiza ethwala indiza i-USS George HW Bush. I-X-47B ngokwayo ikhansele ukuhlala kwayo okwesithathu okuhleliwe ngemva kokuthola ngokuzenzakalelayo okudidayo kukhompuyutha yokuzulazula. Yabe isibhekisa amabombo eWallops Island yeNASA, eVirginia, lapho yafike yahlala ngaphandle kokukhishwa.

Ngomhla ka-9-19 Novemba 2013, womabili ama-X-47B enze uchungechunge lokuhlolwa okwengeziwe kusithwali sendiza i-USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN-71). Lezi kwakuyizivivinyo zokuqala zama-prototypes amabili. Ngemva kokundiza kwemizuzu engu-45, izindiza zenze izindlela zokuhlola ezinamasondo edekhi ethinta (thinta-futhi-hamba). Ukuziphatha kwabo kwahlolwa emimoyeni enamandla kakhulu nokuvunguza kusuka kwezinye izindawo kunangesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwangaphambilini. Kwesinye isivivinyo, enye yendiza yazungeza umthwali wendiza ngenkathi enye indizela phakathi komkhumbi nesizinda sasemhlabeni.

NgoSepthemba 18, 2013, i-X-47B yayisiqongelele amahora endiza ayi-100. Ukuhlolwa okwalandela emkhunjini wendiza i-USS Theodore Roosevelt kwenzeka ngoNovemba 10, 2013. Abasebenzi bendiza yenkampani yenkampani bahileleke ohlangeni olubanzi lokusuka nokuhlalisa.