Izinhlelo zezindiza zakamuva ze-Polish People's Republic
I-MiG-21 kwakuyindiza yokulwa eyayisakazeke kakhulu yendiza yezempi yasePoland ngeminyaka yama-70s, 80s kanye nama-90s. Isithombe sibonisa i-MiG-21MF ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca engxenyeni yomgwaqo yesikhumulo sezindiza. Isithombe ngu-R. Rohovich
Ngo-1969, kwadwetshwa uhlelo lokuthuthukiswa kwezindiza zamasosha asePoland kwaze kwaba ngu-1985. Ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi, ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-XNUMX, kwalungiswa umqondo wokwakhiwa kwenhlangano nokushintshwa kwemishini, okwakuzosetshenziswa kancane kancane kuze kube yilapho. maphakathi nawo-nineties.
Eminyakeni eyishumi yama-80s, ukuhamba ngezindiza kwe-Armed Forces of the Polish People's Republic, i.e. Umbutho Wezokuvikela Emoyeni Kazwelonke (i-NADF), Umbutho Wasemoyeni kanye Nombutho Wezempi Wasolwandle, wathwala umthwalo wezinqumo ezisele isikhathi eside zokuthatha indawo yokukhiqizwa kwezindiza ezihlaselayo kanye nokuhlola kabusha kanye nemibono yokwehla kwenani lamasosha. Ephepheni, konke kwakuhamba kahle; Izinhlaka zenhlangano bezizinzile, ziseziningi izimoto emayunithi. Kodwa-ke, izici zobuchwepheshe zemishini ayizange iqambe amanga, ngeshwa, yayiguga futhi iyancipha kancane kancane nezindinganiso ezichaza isimanje ekulweni kwezindiza.
Uhlelo oludala - uhlelo olusha
Ukubuyekezwa kokusebenza kohlelo lwentuthuko ka-1969 ngokombono weminyaka eyishumi edlule akubukeki kukubi. Ukuhlelwa kabusha okudingekayo kwenziwa ezakhiweni zenhlangano, izindiza zesiteleka zaqiniswa ngezindleko zezindiza zokulwa. Izindiza ezisizayo zahlelwa kabusha ngenxa yokuqiniswa okuphawulekayo kweButho Lombutho Wasemoyeni WaseGround Forces (izindiza ezinophephela emhlane). Amatilosi aphinde aphenduka abehluleki kakhulu, njengoba indiza yabo yemikhumbi ingazange ithole ukwakhiwa kabusha noma ukuqiniswa kwemishini. Izinto zokuqala kuqala.
Kanye namaqoqo alandelayo ahoxisiwe endiza ye-Lim-2, i-Lim-5P ne-Lim-5 (ngokulandelana kwesikhathi), inani lemikhosi yokulwa liye lancishiswa. Esikhundleni salokho, kwathengwa ukuguqulwa okwalandela kwe-MiG-21, okwakubusa indiza yezempi yasePoland ngawo-70s. Ngeshwa, naphezu kokucatshangelwa okwenziwe kuleyo minyaka eyishumi, ukuqeda ngokuphelele amayunithi angaphansi, ngaphandle kokubona i-radar kanye nezikhali ezicitshwayo eziqondisiwe ze-Lim-5, okwathi ngo-1981 zazisatholakala zombili ku-Air Force (iqembu elilodwa ku-PLM yama-41) kanye ne-VOK. (futhi iqembu elilodwa njengengxenye ye-62nd PLM OPK). Ukulethwa kuphela kwe-MiG-21bis yebutho lesibili (34th PLM OPK) kanye nokuqedwa kokuhlomisa enye (i-28th PLM OPK) i-MiG-23MF evumele ukudluliswa kwemishini kanye nokudluliselwa kokugcina kwe-Lim-5 kumayunithi okuqeqesha nokulwa.
Isiteleka sethu kanye nendiza yokuqaphela futhi yayisekelwe ekulungisweni okwalandela kwe-Lima yama-70s. Izixhumi ze-Lim-6M nezixhumi ze-Lim-6P zengezwe kuzilwi ezivele zindiza e-Lim-5bis ezihlasela phansi ngemva kokuhlelwa kabusha okufanayo. Ngenxa yezindleko zokuthengwa kwempahla, i-Su-7 fighter-bombers yaqedwa kubutho elilodwa kuphela (i-3rd plmb), kanye nabalandelayo, i.e. I-Su-20s yaqedwa esimweni samaqembu amabili njengengxenye ye-7th yebhomu kanye ne-reconnaissance aviation brigade esikhundleni samabhomu e-Il-28 ahoxisiwe.
Kuvele ukuthi imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu futhi ebiza kakhulu engenisiwe inobubanzi obukhulu namandla okuthwala izikhali ezinamathiselwe, kepha nokho akuzona izimoto ezikwazi ukugqekeza izivikelo zomoya zesitha, kanye nomyalo we-Joint Armed Forces of the Warsaw Pact. (ZSZ OV) baveze inzuzo yabo kuphela - ikhono lokuthwala amabhomu enuzi. I-Air Force Command yanquma ukuthi kungcono ukuba nezimoto eziningi futhi ezishibhile, ngoba ngenxa yalokhu sihlangabezana nezindinganiso zamandla ezichazwe "ubuholi" obuhlangene.
Kwakufana nezindiza zokuhlola, ubuncane obuhlangene bamayunithi amabili babuphelile, kodwa okokusebenza kwakungekuhle kakhulu. Kwakukhona umdlandla kanye nemali eyanele yokuthenga i-MiG-21R ngamaqembu amathathu kuphela ahlakaniphile. Maphakathi nawo-70s, amaphalethi e-KKR-1 kuphela athengelwa i-Su-20. Eminye imisebenzi yenziwa yiqembu le-Artillery Reconnaissance SBLim-2Art. Kwathenjwa ukuthi eminyakeni eyalandela kwakuzokwazi futhi ukonga ekuthengeni e-USSR ngokwethula umklamo omusha wasekhaya enkonzweni. Imizamo yenziwe yokudala ukucutshungulwa kokuhlasela kanye nokuhluka kwezikhali ngokuthuthukisa umqeqeshi we-TS-11 Iskra jet. Kwakukhona nombono womklamo omusha ngokuphelele, ofihliwe ngaphansi kwegama elithi M-16, kwakufanele kube indiza yokuqeqesha impi enezinjini ezimbili. Ukuthuthukiswa kwayo yashiywa esivuna Iskra-22 subsonic indiza (I-22 Irida).
Futhi ezindizeni ezinophephela emhlane, ukuthuthukiswa komthamo akuzange kulandele njalo ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi. Phakathi neminyaka yama-70, inani le-rotorcraft lenyuka lisuka ku-+200 laya ku-+350, kodwa lokhu kwaba nokwenzeka ngenxa yokukhiqizwa kwe-serial ye-Mi-2 e-Svidnik, eyenza ikakhulukazi imisebenzi yokusiza. Umthamo omncane wokuthwala kanye nesakhiwo sekhabhinethi kwenze ukuba kungafaneleki ukudluliselwa kwamasosha anamaqhinga nezikhali ezinzima kakhulu. Nakuba izinketho zezikhali zathuthukiswa, kuhlanganise nemicibisholo eqondiswe e-anti-tank, zazikude kakhulu futhi zingenakuqhathaniswa namandla okulwa e-Mi-24D.
Ukuphefumula kalula, okungukuthi, ukuqala kwenhlekelele
Imizamo engathi sína kakhulu yezinhlelo ezintsha zokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo ezimbili zeminyaka emihlanu eminyakeni yama-80s yaqala ngo-1978 ngencazelo yemigomo eyinhloko yezinguquko. Okwakhelwe inkimbinkimbi yezempi-yezimboni, kwakuhlelwe ukuthi kwandiswe amathuba okulwa okuphumelelayo ngokumelene nezikhali zokuhlasela komoya ezindaweni ezikude zezinto ezivikelwe, kuyilapho ngasikhathi sinye kukhulisa ukuzenzakalelayo kwezinqubo zomyalo nokulawulwa kwamandla nempahla. Ngokulandelayo, kwakuhlelwe ukuthi i-Air Force ikhulise amandla okusekelwa emoyeni kwamasosha, ikakhulukazi izindiza zokulwa.
Zonke iziphakamiso zokuguqulwa kwabasebenzi kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha kwemishini kwacatshangelwa ngokombono wokuhlangabezana nezidingo maqondana namandla abelwe i-SPZ HC. Umyalo wala mabutho eMoscow wathola imibiko yaminyaka yonke ngokugcwaliseka kwezibopho zawo futhi, ngesisekelo sawo, wathumela izincomo zokwenza izinguquko zesakhiwo noma ukuthenga izinhlobo ezintsha zezikhali.
Ngo-November 1978, izincomo ezinjalo zaqoqwa zeButho LasePoland ngohlelo lweminyaka emihlanu luka-1981-85. futhi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlelo ezilungiswe yiGeneral Staff of the Polish Army (GSh VP). Ekuqaleni, zombili zazibonakala zingafuneki kakhulu ukuba zigcwaliseke, nakuba kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi, okokuqala nje, zaziyizivivinyo zohlelo olufanele futhi zadalwa ngesikhathi esingesona isimo somnotho esibi kakhulu ezweni.
Ngokuvamile, izincomo ezithunyelwe zivela eMoscow zaphakamisa ukuthengwa ngo-1981-85: 8 MiG-25P interceptors, 96 MiG-23MF interceptors (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi indiza 12 yalolu hlobo olwe ngaphambili), 82 fighter-amabhomu ngemishini yokuhlola -22, 36 attack Su-25, 4 reconnaissance MiG-25RB, 32 Mi-24D attack helicopters and 12 Mi-14BT sea minesweepers.
