Injini ingqongqoza ekuqaleni okubandayo
Injini yomsindo wobuchwepheshe isebenza cishe buthule. Kodwa-ke, ngesinye isikhathi imisindo engaphandle iyazwakala, njengomthetho, kuwukungqongqoza. Ukungqongqoza kuzwakala kahle ikakhulukazi uma uqalisa injini emakhazeni, uma unyusa ijubane nalapho ushintsha amagiya. Ngokuqina namandla omsindo, umnikazi wemoto onolwazi angakwazi ukucacisa imbangela futhi athathe izinyathelo ezidingekayo. Siqaphela ngokushesha ukuthi imisindo engaphandle enjinini iwubufakazi bokungasebenzi kahle, ngakho-ke izinyathelo kufanele zithathwe ngokushesha, ngaphandle kwalokho ukulungiswa okukhulu kuqinisekisiwe esikhathini esizayo esiseduze.
Indlela yokunquma imbangela yokuphuka ngokungqongqoza enjini?
Isikhungo samandla semoto siqukethe izingxenye zensimbi ezisebenzisanayo ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Lokhu kusebenzisana kungachazwa njengokungqubuzana. Akufanele kube khona ukungqongqoza nhlobo. Uma noma yiziphi izilungiselelo zephulwa, ukuguga kwemvelo kwenzeka, imikhiqizo eminingi evuthayo yamafutha enjini kanye nophethiloli kunqwabelana enjinini, bese kuqala ukungqongqoza okuhlukahlukene.
Imisindo ingachazwa kanje:
- i-muffled futhi ayizwakali kahle - akukho ukuphazamiseka okukhulu, kodwa kufanele kwenziwe ukuxilonga;
- umthamo ophakathi, ohlukaniseka ngokucacile ngesikhathi sokuqala okubandayo nalapho imoto ihamba, ikhombisa izinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu;
- ukungqongqoza okukhulu, ama-pop, ukuqhunyiswa nokudlidliza - imoto kufanele imiswe ngokushesha futhi iseshwe imbangela.
Naka futhi ubude besikhathi kanye nemvamisa yokungqongqoza:
- Injini ingqongqoza njalo;
- Ukuthepha ngezikhathi ezithile ngamafrikhwensi ahlukene;
- iziteleka ze-episodic.
Kunezincomo ezithile ezivela ku-portal ye-vodi.su ezisiza ukucacisa ngokunembile umnyombo wenkinga. Kodwa uma ungenalo ulwazi oluningi ekunakekeleni imoto, kungcono ukuphathisa ukuxilongwa kochwepheshe.
Ukuqina kanye nephimbo lokungqongqoza: ukufuna ukwehlukana
Ngokuvamile, imisindo ivela kumshini we-valve ngenxa yokwephulwa kwezikhala ezishisayo phakathi kwama-valve neziqondiso, kanye nangenxa yokugqoka kwama-hydraulic lifters, esesivele sikhulume ngawo kuwebhusayithi yethu vodi.su. Uma indlela yokusabalalisa igesi idinga ngempela ukulungiswa, lokhu kuzoboniswa ngokushaya okukhalayo okunobude obukhulayo. Ukuyiqeda, kuyadingeka ukulungisa ukucaciswa okushisayo kwe-valve mechanism. Uma lokhu kungenziwanga, khona-ke ngemva kwesikhathi esithile kuzodingeka ushintshe ngokuphelele ama-valve wokungenisa nokukhipha.
Ukungasebenzi kahle kweziphakamisi ezinama-hydraulic kuzoboniswa ngomsindo ofana nomthelela webhola lensimbi elilula kukhava yevalvu. Ezinye izinhlobo zesici zokungqongqoza enjinini lapho uqala kubanda:
- izithulu engxenyeni engezansi - ukugqokwa kwama-liner main crankshaft;
- ukushaya okuhambisana nesigqi - ukugqokwa kwezinsimbi zokuxhuma;
- izithupha ngesikhathi sokuqala okubandayo, zinyamalale njengoba ijubane likhula - ukugqokwa kwamapiston, izindandatho zepiston;
- amagalelo abukhali aphenduka abe isibhamu esiqinile - ukuguga kwegiya le-timing camshaft drive.
Uma uqala ngokungqongqoza okubandayo, kungase futhi kuvele ku-clutch, okubonisa isidingo sokushintsha amadiski e-feredo noma i-bearing bearing. Abashayeli abanolwazi bavame ukusebenzisa inkulumo ethi "knock fingers." Ukungqongqoza kweminwe kwenzeka ngoba iqala ukushaya ngokumelene nezihlahla zenduku yokuxhuma. Esinye isizathu ukuthungela ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Ukuqothulwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi - azikwazi ukudideka nanoma yini. Kuyadingeka ukulungisa ukuthungela, njengoba injini ithola ukugcwala okunamandla ngesikhathi sokusebenza. I-detonation ingenzeka ngenxa yamakhandlela akhethiwe ngendlela engafanele, ngenxa yokubukeka kwe-carbon deposits emakhandlelani nokugqoka kwama-electrode, ngenxa yokuncipha okukhulu kwevolumu yamagumbi omlilo ngenxa yokubekwa kwe-slag ezindongeni ze-cylinder.
Ukushaqeka okunomsindo nokudlidliza nakho kwenzeka ngenxa yokungahambi kahle kwenjini. Lokhu kubonisa isidingo sokushintsha izigaxa zenjini. Uma umcamelo uqhuma ngesikhathi sokunyakaza, ukuma ngokushesha kuyadingeka. Ukugedla, ukukhala imisindo nokukhala - udinga ukuhlola izinga lokungezwani kwebhande le-alternator.
Yini okufanele uyenze uma injini ishaya?
Uma ukungqongqoza kuzwakala kuphela ngesikhathi sokuqala kwamakhaza, futhi kunyamalale njengoba ijubane landa, khona-ke imoto yakho inebanga elihamba phambili, ungase udinge ukulungiswa okukhulu maduzane. Uma imisindo ingashabalali, kodwa kunalokho igqama kakhulu, isizathu sibucayi kakhulu. Asincomi ukusebenzisa umshini ngezinhlobo ezilandelayo zomsindo ongaphandle:
- ukungqongqoza okuyinhloko kanye nezinsimbi zokuxhuma;
- ukuxhuma izihlahla zenduku;
- izikhonkwane ze-piston;
- i-camshaft;
- ukuqhunyiswa.
Uma i-mileage yemoto ingaphezu kwamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-100, khona-ke isizathu esisobala kakhulu ukuguga kweyunithi yamandla. Uma usanda kuthenga imoto, kungenzeka ukuthi ugcwalise uwoyela kanye nophethiloli wekhwalithi ephansi noma ongafanelekile. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukuhlanza okuphelele kwalo lonke uhlelo ngokushintshwa kwezihlungi ezifanele kanye nokuxilongwa. Futhi, kuvela ukungqongqoza lapho injini ishisa ngokweqile. Kulesi simo, udinga ukuyeka futhi uvumele ukuthi kuphole.
Ngokusekelwe kulwazi olutholiwe, umshayeli unquma ngokuzimela ukuthi enzeni ngokulandelayo. Kungase kube ukuhlakanipha ukushayela iloli elidonsayo bese uyohlola izifo. Yebo, ukuze esikhathini esizayo kungabikho ukuthepha, landela imithetho eyisisekelo yokusebenzisa imoto: ukudlula ukuhlolwa okuvamile kwezobuchwepheshe ngokushintsha kwamafutha kanye nokuqedwa kwezinkinga ezincane ngesikhathi.
Iyalayisha...
