Injini ingqongqoza - kuyini? Izimbangela namathiphu okuxazulula inkinga

Ngesikhathi imoto isebenza, abashayeli bahlangabezana nezinkinga ezihlukahlukene. Uma uzwa ukushaya okukhulu okuvela enjinini nokudlidliza okunamandla, kungase kube ukuqhunyiswa kwengxube yesibaseli somoya. Imbangela yokungasebenzi kahle kufanele ifunwe ngokushesha, ngoba ukuqhubeka nokusetshenziswa kwemoto kungaholela emiphumeleni eyingozi kakhulu ngendlela yamapiston nezindonga zesilinda ezicekelwe ukuqhuma, izinduku zokuxhuma ezilimele kanye ne-crankshaft. Kungani kwenzeka i-detonation, indlela yokuyiqeda futhi igweme esikhathini esizayo?

Kungani injini iqhuma?

Sesivele sichazile ku-portal vodi.su yethu isimiso sokusebenza kwenjini yangaphakathi evuthayo. Uphethiloli, oxutshwe endaweni eningi yokudonsa nomoya, ujovwa ngemibhobho emagumbini avuthayo enjini enemivimbo emine. Ngenxa yokunyakaza kwama-piston kumasilinda, kwakhiwa umfutho ophezulu, ngaleso sikhathi inhlansi evela ku-spark plug bese ingxube ye-fuel-air ivutha futhi iphushela i-piston phansi. Okungukuthi, uma injini isebenza ngokujwayelekile, indlela yokusabalalisa igesi ihlelwe ngendlela efanele, futhi umjikelezo wokushiswa kokuhlanganiswa kwamafutha kwenzeka ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka, ukushiswa okulawulwayo kaphethiloli kwenzeka kuwo, amandla abangela ukuthi umshini we-crank ujikeleze.

Kodwa-ke, ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, esizoxoxa ngazo ngezansi, ukuqhunyiswa kwenzeka ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ukuqhunyiswa, ngamagama alula, kuwukuqhuma. Igagasi lokuqhuma lishaya izindonga zamasilinda, okwenza ukuthi ukundindizela kudluliselwe kuyo yonke injini iyonke. Imvamisa, lesi simo sibonwa ngokungenzi lutho, noma lapho ingcindezi ku-accelerator ikhuphuka, ngenxa yalokho i-valve ye-throttle ivuleka kakhulu futhi inani elikhulayo likaphethiloli linikezwa ngalo.

Imiphumela ye-Detonation:

• ukwanda okubukhali kwezinga lokushisa nokucindezela;
• i-wave shock yenziwa, ijubane elingamamitha angama-2000 ngomzuzwana;
• ukubhujiswa kwezingxenye zenjini.

Qaphela ukuthi ngenxa yokuba sendaweni elinganiselwe, isikhathi sokuba khona kwegagasi lokushaqisa singaphansi kwenkulungwane yesekhondi. Kodwa wonke amandla ayo amuncwa injini, okuholela ekuthuthukisweni okusheshayo kwensiza yayo.

Izimbangela eziyinhloko zokuqhunyiswa kwenjini yilezi ezilandelayo:

1. Ukusebenzisa uphethiloli ngesilinganiso esiphansi se-octane - uma ngokuvumelana nemiyalelo oyidingayo ukugcwalisa i-AI-98, yenqaba ukugcwalisa i-A-92 noma i-95, njengoba iklanyelwe izinga eliphansi lokucindezela, ngokulandelana, izoqhuma ngaphambi kwesikhathi;
2. Ukushisa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi, ukuguqula isikhathi sokuthungela - kukhona ukubandlulula ukuthi igagasi lokuqhuma ngesikhathi sokuthungela kwasekuqaleni lizonikeza amandla, okuyinto ngokwezinga elithile eliyiqiniso, kodwa imiphumela "yokuthuthukiswa kokusebenza okuguquguqukayo" akuyona into ejabulisa kakhulu;
3. Ukushisa kwangaphambi kokushisa - ngenxa yokunqwabelana kwensimu kanye nediphozithi ezindongeni zamasilinda, ukususwa kokushisa ngesistimu yokupholisa kuba kubi, amasilinda namapiston ashise kakhulu kangangokuthi umhlangano kaphethiloli uqhuma ngokuzenzekelayo lapho uthintana nawo;
4. Imihlangano kaphethiloli encishisiwe noma ecetshisiwe - ngenxa yokuncipha noma ukwanda kwesilinganiso somoya nophethiloli emibuthanweni kaphethiloli, izici zayo ziyashintsha, siphinde sacubungula lolu daba ngaphambili ngokuningiliziwe ku-vodi.su;
5. Ama-spark plug akhethwe ngokungalungile noma aphelelwe amandla.

Ezikhathini eziningi, abashayeli bezimoto ezinamamayela aphakeme bahlangabezana nokungqongqoza nokungqongqoza enjinini. Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yokufakwa ezindongeni zamasilinda, umthamo wegumbi lomlilo uyashintsha, ngokulandelana, isilinganiso sokucindezela siyakhula, okudala izimo ezikahle zokushiswa kwemihlangano yamafutha ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ngenxa ye-detonations, i-bottom of pistons iyasha, okuholela ekwehleni kokucindezelwa, injini iqala ukudla amafutha amaningi kanye nophethiloli. Ukuqhubeka nokusebenza kuba yinto engenakwenzeka.

Izindlela zokuqeda ukuqhunyiswa kwenjini

Ukwazi imbangela yokungasebenzi kahle, kuyoba lula kakhulu ukuyiqeda. Kodwa kunezizathu ezingaphezu kwamandla abanikazi bezimoto. Isibonelo, uma imoto yakho yayisebenza kahle, futhi ngemva kokufaka uphethiloli okulandelayo egalaji likaphethiloli, kwaqala ukungqongqoza kweminwe, inkinga kufanele ibhekwe kuphethiloli. Uma befisa, abanikazi beziteshi zikaphethiloli ngokusebenzisa izinkantolo bangaphoqeleka ukuba banxephezele ngokugcwele umonakalo.

Uma umshini usebenza isikhathi eside ngaphandle kwemithwalo ebalulekile, lokhu kuholela ekuqoqweni kwe-soot. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, okungenani kanye ngesonto kufanele ucindezele ubuningi bemoto yakho - ukusheshisa, ukwandisa umthwalo enjini. Kule modi, amafutha amaningi angena ezindongeni futhi yonke i-slag iyahlanzwa, kuyilapho intuthu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma emnyama iphuma epayipini, okuyinto evamile.

Qinisekisa ukuthi uhlola izilungiselelo zesistimu yokuthungela, khetha amakhandlela alungile. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kufanele ulondoloze emakhandlelani. Gcwalisa uwoyela wekhwalithi nophethiloli ovela kubahlinzeki abathembekile. Uma lezi zindlela zingasizi, udinga ukuya esiteshini sesevisi futhi uthole ukuxilongwa okuphelele kweyunithi yamandla.

Kungani Injini Iqhuma

Izimbangela zokuqhunyiswa kwenjini - Dmitry Yakovlev

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