Knock uma ujika isiteringi
Okuqukethwe
Knock uma ujika isiteringi ikhombisa inkinga ngohlelo lokuqondisa lwemoto. Izizathu zokungqongqoza zingaba ukuwohloka endaweni ehlangene yesivinini (i-CV joint), ibhola elihlangene, ukuguga kwethiphu yokuqondisa kanye / noma i-thrust bear, ama-stabilizer struts nokunye ukuphuka. Noma ngabe yikuphi, lapho kungqongqoza kuzwakala lapho uphendula isondo lokuqondisa, kuyadingeka ukuxilonga ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, ngoba ukuwohloka kwesistimu yokuqondisa akugcini nje ngokuba kubi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kodwa futhi kungaholela ezimweni eziphuthumayo lapho imoto ihamba. ezihambayo, kuze kube yingozi.
Izimbangela zokungqongqoza uma uphendula isiteringi
Ziningi izizathu ezenza kuzwakale umuntu engqongqoza uma ephendula isiteringi. Ukuze unqume ngokunembe kakhudlwana ukuhlukana, udinga ukunquma ezimweni ezintathu:
- Uhlobo lomsindo. Kungaba eyodwa noma iphindaphindeke, isithulu noma iphinyiswe (imvamisa ibe yinsimbi), ibe phezulu noma ithule.
- Indawo lapho umsindo uvela khona. Isibonelo, esondweni, ku-suspension, esiteringini.
- Izimo zokwenzeka. okungukuthi, lapho ushayela, lapho ujikisa isondo endaweni, nesondo lokuqondisa lijike liphume, lapho ujikela kwesokunxele noma kwesokudla.
Ngokusekelwe kudatha enjalo, ungagxila emthonjeni womsindo ongqongqozayo.
| Indawo yokungqongqoza | Izizathu zokungqongqoza |
|---|---|
| Shaya isondo | Ukwehluleka ngokwengxenye kwehinge ye-angular velocity (ibhuthi edabukile, izinkinga zokuthwala), umsindo ovela kumathiphu okuqondisa / izinduku zokuqondisa, indawo yokubeka lapho ushayela emigwaqweni emibi, ama-shock absorber struts (ama-spring knocks), ama-stabilizer struts |
| Ukungqongqoza kwesitimela | Ukulimala kwe-rack shaft, ukwanda kokudlala kwama-bushing kanye / noma ama-shaft bearings, emishinini enomonakalo wemishini ye-EUR kushafti yenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi kanye / noma idrayivu yezikelemu, igqokwa kushafu we-cardan shaft. |
| Isondo lokushayela lingqongqoza | Ukwehluleka ngokwengxenye kwe-rack steering, ukugqwala kwe-drive shaft ye-rack, ku-EUR, ukuguga kwe-worm drive kanye / noma izinkinga zemishini ngenjini kagesi. |
| Indawo yokuqondisa | Izizathu zokungqongqoza |
| Lapho ujikisa isondo lokuqondisa liye esitobhini (kwesokunxele / kwesokudla) | Uma ushintsha ingalo yangaphambili, kungenzeka ukuthi ingalo ithinte i-subframe lapho ujika. Ngezinye izikhathi amakhosi awaqiniseki ngokugcwele izinsimbi, ezinyakazayo lapho ziphenduka. |
| Uma ujika isiteringi imoto imile | I-steering rack enesici, isiphambano se-cardan shaft, izinto zokubopha ezixegayo, izinti/amathiphu |
| Uma uphendula isiteringi ngenkathi ushayela | Izizathu ezifanayo njengalapho imoto imile, kodwa izinkinga nge-stabilizer struts kanye ne-shock absorber struts zengezwa lapha. |
futhi uhlu lwezizathu zokuthi kungani ukungqongqoza kuvela lapho ujika endaweni yesondo, ukumiswa kanye nesondo lokuqondisa ngokuya ngokuvama kwawo.
I-Constant-velocity joint
Njengoba amasondo ejike ngokuphelele ohlangothini olulodwa, i-CV ehlangene izovame ukuqhuma (ingase ishaye ngisho nesondo lokuqondisa). Lapho ujikisa imoto kwesokunxele, i-CV yangaphandle ehlangene izoklinya / ingqongqoze, futhi lapho ijikela kwesokudla, ngokulandelana, kwesokunxele. Amajoyinti e-CV yangaphakathi ajwayele ukukhala uma ushayela ngesivinini esiphezulu emigwaqweni emibi, ngakho awahlanganise lutho nokungqongqoza lapho ujika. Ngakho-ke uma kuzwakala ukungqongqoza lapho ujika noma ijubane elibukhali lemoto, ihinji yangaphandle cishe idinga ukushintshwa. Kodwa-ke, okokuqala, ungasusa futhi uhlole - uma kungekho ukugqoka noma kuncane, khona-ke amafutha e-SHRUS azosiza.
Amathiphu okuqondisa kanye nezinduku zokubopha
Amathiphu nokudonsa ngenxa yokuguga kwemvelo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kunganikeza ukudlala futhi kuphazamise futhi kungqongqoze lapho uphendula imoto. Ukuze uhlole amathiphu esiteringi, udinga ukujova imoto ohlangothini lapho umsindo ocasulayo uvela khona futhi uqale ususe isondo. khona-ke udinga unyakazisa izinduku namathiphu, hlola ukuhlehla kuzo. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ukuthi i-anther yayo idabukile phezulu, ngokulandelana, ukungcola nomswakama kungena ngaphakathi. Lokhu kubangela ukungqongqoza okuhambisanayo.
Kunezimo lapho, isibonelo, lapho wenza umsebenzi wokuqondisa isondo, umshayeli wemoto noma inkosi ekhohlwa ukuqinisa i-nati yokulungisa phakathi kwenduku yokuqondisa kanye nethiphu yokuqondisa. Ngokunjalo, lapho uphendula isondo lokuqondisa, kokubili uma linyakaza futhi lisendaweni, kuzozwakala ukungqongqoza kwensimbi okukhulu. Ungakwazi ukucacisa ngokunembayo uma ushukumisa isondo langaphambili kwesokunxele nakwesokudla ngezandla zakho, lizolenga futhi lenze imisindo efanayo.
I-Steack rack
ukwehluleka kwezinsimbi zokuqondisa kungenye yezizathu ezivame kakhulu zokuthi kungani kukhona ukungqongqoza lapho uphendula amasondo. Futhi lokhu kungaba kokubili ngokunyakaza nalapho ujikisa isondo lokuqondisa endaweni. Kunezizathu eziningana zokuthi kungani i-steering rack yemoto ingangqongqoza:
- Izinsimbi zokuqondisa eziqiniswe ngokuxekethile.
- Umkhono wepulasitiki wokusekela wehlulekile (ugugile kakhulu, umdlalo uvele).
- Ukwenzeka kokudlala kuma-bearings we-rack shaft.
- Ukwenyuka kwegebe phakathi kwamazinyo e-rack steering (lokhu kuholela ekudlaleni kokubili kanye nezwi lapho uphendulela isondo endaweni).
- Kwenziwa i-anti-friction gasket, ebangela ukuthi i-clamping "cracker" idlidlize, ingqongqoze ngokunembile ku-rack body.
Akulula ukuqonda ukuthi i-rack steering ishaya, hhayi enye into yomshini wokuqondisa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukucisha injini, ubeke imoto kwibhuleki lesandla, bese ucela umlingani wakho ukuthi ashayele. Futhi abaningi bagibela ngaphansi kwemoto endaweni yesibaya sokuqondisa. Uma isiteringi sizungezwa nge-rack engalungile, imisindo e-creaking (crunching) izophuma kuyo.
Ikhadini lokuqondisa
Uma uphendula isiteringi uzwa ukungqongqoza okuvela esiteringini, kusho ukuthi u-cardan wesiteringi uzosolwa kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, abanikazi be-UAZ babhekana nenkinga enjalo. Ukwehlukana kwenzeka ngenxa yokwanda kwegebe ekuxhumekeni kwe-spline. Kuma-VAZ, ukungqongqoza okuvela kukholomu yokuqondisa kuvela ngenxa yesiphambano esiphukile se-cardan. Izwakala ngesikhathi sokushayela ngenkathi ushayela, nalapho ujikisa isondo emuva naphambili endaweni.
Abanikazi abaningi be-VAZ ye-front-wheel drive yasekhaya - "Kalina", "Priors", "Grants" babhekene neqiniso lokuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi isiphambano siqala ukuqhuma emgodini wenqola. Ukuxilongwa kwayo kwenziwa ngokwenqubo echazwe ngenhla. Uma kutholwa i-backlash ne-creaking, umuntu othanda imoto angenza okukodwa kokubili. Okokuqala ukuthenga i-cardan entsha, okwesibili ukuzama ukulungisa efakiwe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abalungiswanga ngenxa yentengo ephezulu, kodwa inombolo enkulu yemishado ye-cardan shafts entsha. Iphuzu liwukuthi, okungukuthi, i-cardan ingakwazi "ukuluma". Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uhhafu wayo onama-splines uyabanjwa, ama-jerk asevele ezwakala engxenyeni entsha. Ngakho-ke, lapho uthenga isiphambano esisha, udinga ukuqiniseka ukuthi sihamba ngokukhululeka kuzo zonke izinkomba. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ukuthi ngemfoloko ene-splines, ama-bearings aqala ukusonteka ngenxa yokungahambi kahle kwezimbobo. Ngakho-ke, kumnikazi wemoto ukuthi anqume ukuthi athenge i-cardan entsha noma cha.
Enye indlela yokuphuma kulesi simo ukufaka esikhundleni sezinaliti ezikhona ku-cardan shaft nge-caprolactane bushings. Lolu khetho lusekelwa ukuthi abashayeli bamatekisi abaningi be-VAZ, ngenxa yokuthi kufanele bavule kakhulu isondo lokuqondisa, benza lokho kanye.
Lolu khetho lusho inkimbinkimbi yomsebenzi wokulungisa. Ngokuqondene nokudilizwa, ngokuvamile basebenzisa okhiye abangu-13 kulokhu, kanye ne-screwdriver eyisicaba.
Ku-inthanethi ungathola ukubuyekezwa okuningi okungqubuzanayo mayelana nama-cardan shafts ahlukahlukene kanye nama-bushings. Ezimotweni ze-VAZ "Kalina", "Priora", "Grant" zivame ukubeka iziphambano zezimpawu zokuthengisa "CC20" ne "TAYA", noma inketho ebiza kakhulu - izingxenye ezisele zaseJapane i-Toyo ne-GMB.
I-Absorber struts kanye/noma ama-thrust bearings
Uma imbangela yokungqongqoza ilele kuma-absorbers noma ama-thrust bears, khona-ke kuyoba khona ukungqongqoza hhayi kuphela lapho isondo lokuqondisa liphenduka kwesokudla / kwesokunxele, kodwa futhi lapho ushayela umugqa oqondile. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokuphenduka okubukhali, ikakhulukazi ngesivinini esikhulu, ukungqongqoza okunjalo kuzozwakala kakhulu, ngoba imithwalo eyengeziwe izosebenza kuma-absorbers nama-bearings.
Esimweni sokugcina, isiphethu se-shock absorber ephukile singase sibe imbangela yokungqongqoza. Lokhu ngokuvamile kwenzeka emaphethelweni ayo (phezulu noma phansi). Ngakho-ke, lapho ushayela emgwaqeni ongemuhle, nalapho imoto igingqika emakhoneni, umshayeli angase ezwe umsindo we-metallic clanging. Lapho uphendukela kwesokunxele - intwasahlobo efanele, lapho uphendukela ngakwesokudla - intwasahlobo yesokunxele.
Ungahlola ama-shock absorbers nama-bearings ngokuwahlolela ukudlala. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukudiliza isondo bese unyakazisa / ukusonta ama-absorber nama-bearings. Ezimweni ezingavamile, i-nati eqinile yokubopha ingaba imbangela yokungqongqoza.
I-stabilizer yangaphambili
Ngokuhluleka kwengxenye ye-stabilizer strut, i-thud izwakala lapho amasondo eguqulwa ukunyakaza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amasondo aqala ukungqongqoza uma ephendulelwa ohlangothini olulodwa noma kwenye cishe 50 ... 60%. Kodwa-ke, i-rack engalungile engakwazi ukugoqa hhayi kuphela lapho ijika, kodwa futhi lapho imoto ihamba emgwaqeni onzima. Ngokuvamile, imoto futhi "fidgets" emgwaqeni, okungukuthi, udinga njalo ukulawula (ukusonta) isondo lokuqondisa. Izimpawu ezengeziwe - umzimba wemoto uginqika kakhulu uma ungena ejikeni futhi uyanyakaza uma ubhuleka.
Uzimele ongaphansi (izimo ezingavamile)
Ngezinye izikhathi izimo ze-atypical ziholela ekungqongqozeni lapho uphenduka, okunzima kakhulu ukuxilonga. Isibonelo, icala liyaziwa lapho, ngenkathi imoto ihamba, itshe elincane lawela ku-subframe futhi labhajwa lapho. Lapho isondo lokuqondisa liphendulwa kwelinye noma kwelinye, izakhi zegiya lokuqondisa zihamba ngokwemvelo, kuyilapho zibonakala zigijima kuleli tshe. Lapho ubuyisela indawo yokuqala, izakhi zeqa etsheni, zenza umsindo wesici. Inkinga yaxazululwa ngokususa itshe.
Lapho ulungisa izingxenye zokumiswa, isibonelo, lapho ushintsha ingalo yangaphambili, le yakamuva ingase ithinte i-subframe lapho ivula isondo. Ngokwemvelo, lokhu kuhambisana nokushaywa nokukhala. ukuze uyisuse, kwanele ukuphakamisa i-subframe nge-mount.
Futhi, isimo esisodwa esingavamile sokungqongqoza ekumisweni lapho kufakwa amakhona ukuthi i-subframe bolt ayicaciswanga, futhi i-subframe ngokwayo ingangqongqoza lapho ushayela, futhi ngisho nangaphezulu uma ijika. Iqedwa ngokucindezela ibhawudi elihambisanayo.
isiphetho
Akuphephile ukushayela imoto ebanga umsindo uma isiteringi siphenduka. Noma yikuphi ukuwohloka okuholela kulokhu kuzoba kubi kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ekugcineni kuholele ekulungiseni okubizayo okuyinkimbinkimbi kanye nezingozi zokushayela. Ngakho-ke, uma kutholakala ukungqongqoza lapho uvula isondo, kuyadingeka ukuxilonga ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka futhi uthathe izinyathelo ezifanele zokuqeda imbangela ebangele.
