Impilo yesevisi yamasondo omshini

Isondo lomshini igobolondo lerabha elinwebekayo elibekwe onqenqemeni lwediski. Nguye othintana ngqo nomgwaqo womgwaqo futhi uklanyelwe ukunciphisa ukudlidliza okuncane emigwaqweni, kanye nokukhokhela amaphutha endleleni yamasondo. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ingaphansi kwemithwalo esindayo yemvelo ehlukahlukene, ngakho-ke ngokwemvelo inokuphila kwayo kwenkonzo, okuthonywa yizici eziningana.

Usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi kwamasondo ngokusho kwe-GOST

Impilo yesheluli - isikhathi lapho inkampani iqinisekisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukusebenzisa umkhiqizo ngokwenjongo yawo ehlosiwe futhi inomthwalo wemfanelo ogcwele ngobuthakathaka obuvele ngephutha lawo.

Lapho uthenga amathayi, udinga ukubheka okuthile, akukadluli iminyaka emithathu kusukela ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza. Usuku lokukhiqiza kanye nanoma yiluphi olunye ulwazi kulula kakhulu ukuluthola, lukhonjiswe kulebula yesondo phakathi kolwazi olujwayelekile mayelana nobukhulu, ukwakheka, isivinini kanye nezilinganiso zomthwalo.

Usuku lokukhiqiza amathaya

Umthetho waseRussia usungula impilo yesevisi yamasondo emoto ngaphansi kwewaranti ngokusho I-GOST 4754-97 и GOST 5513 - Iminyaka engu-5 kusukela ngosuku lokukhiqiza, kodwa ngamathayi, okokuqala, inkomba eyinhloko yikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, hhayi isikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwawo.

Ngokusho kwe-GOST, isilinganiso sempilo yeshalofu yamathayi kufanele sibalwe ngale ndlela:

• ZR. Yile ndlela okukhethwa ngayo okunesivinini esikhulu, le mikhiqizo ingasetshenziswa ngesivinini esingaphezu kwamakhilomitha angama-240 ngehora. Umkhiqizo kufanele ugcine izakhiwo zawo ngokugcwele iminyaka engu-6.
• H - esetshenziswa ngesivinini esiphezulu samakhilomitha angama-210 ngehora, isebenza iminyaka emi-5.
• S - isivinini esiphezulu - 180 amakhilomitha ngehora. Ingasetshenziswa iminyaka engu-4-5.

Ochwepheshe batusa ukuthi kushintshwe amathayi ngaphambi kokuthi afinyelele usuku lwawo lokuphelelwa yisikhathi. Abanye abashayeli bakholelwa ukuthi amathayi afanelekile uma engavamile ukusetshenziswa, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo asevele aneminyaka engu-5-6 ubudala, kodwa lokhu kuwumbono oyiphutha! Ngempela, ngenxa yokuthi amaphutha avela emathayi ngesikhathi sokusebenza nokugcinwa, ahlotshaniswa ne-oxidation yayo kanye nokuqhekeka - ngesikhathi esibucayi, ingakuvumela.

Impilo yeshelufu yethaya

Impilo yesheluli - isikhathi esithile lapho izimpahla, ngaphansi kwemithetho emisiwe yokugcina nokusebenza, kufanele zigcine zonke izakhiwo zazo. Uma isikhathi seshelufu sesiphelelwe yisikhathi, lokhu akusho nhlobo ukuthi umkhiqizo awufanelekile ukusetshenziswa, kodwa izici zawo zobuchwepheshe zingase zehle.

Amathayi angaguga ngezinqubo zomzimba namakhemikhali, lo mbono usebenza emathayini angasetshenziswa noma asetshenziswa kancane. Ukuze uvimbele inqubo yokuguga ngokwayo, izithasiselo ezikhethekile zengezwa ku-compound yenjoloba esiza ukulwa namakhemikhali ayingozi nge-oxygen ne-ozone. Ukwenza kanjalo kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi, uma ligcinwe kahle, isondo liyahlangabezana nencazelo yesondo elisha.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi iwaranti impilo yeshalofu akuyona impilo yesevisi. Isikhathi sokugcina iminyaka emihlanu sisethiwe, hhayi ngoba isondo lizowohloka ngemva kwalokho, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi, ngokomthetho, umenzi akanalo ilungelo lokusungula isikhathi esifushane sewaranti, okuyisivikelo somsebenzisi wokugcina.

Eminyakeni yamuva, ochwepheshe abaningi baseMelika bakholelwa ukuthi impilo yeshalofu nokusebenza kwamasondo omshini kufanele kukhawulelwe eminyakeni eyi-10. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ochwepheshe baseJalimane bakholelwa ukuthi usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi kwamathayi kufanele lukhawulelwe eminyakeni engu-6, lokhu kuyasebenza nakumathayi amasha.

Imithetho nemithethonqubo yokugcina amathayi we-pneumatic ngokuhambisana ne-GOST 24779-81:

1. Indawo yokupakisha, ezokuthutha kanye nemishini ekhethekile yokugcina izinto kufanele ivimbele umoya-mpilo, ukukhanya, ukushisa, i-ozone, izinyibilikisi zemvelo, uwoyela wamaminerali, izinto zokuthambisa, amafutha, ama-asidi nama-alkali ekuhlaseleni amathayi.
2. Amabhasi akumele ahlangane nethusi noma izinto ezonakalisayo, futhi akufanele alayishwe, akhihliwe, noma asekelwe ngezindawo ezibukhali, ezingalingani.
3. Uma ugcina amathayi endaweni emnyama, eyomile futhi epholile, khona-ke ukuguga kwawo kuzoncipha kakhulu, futhi ngokuphambene nalokho, uma imvelo inomswakama futhi kukhona ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa, khona-ke inqubo yokuguga iyashesha.
4. Amathayi enzelwe ukulungiswa nokuhlehliswa kabusha kufanele agezwe kahle futhi ome.
5. Amathayi kufanele agcinwe ezingeni lokushisa elingekho ngaphezu kuka-35 °C futhi lingabi ngaphansi kuka-25 °C. Gwema ukuthintana ngqo nomthombo wokushisa, ungashiyi elangeni eliqondile kumswakama ongaphansi kuka-80%.
6. Uma amathayi egcinwe ngaphandle, kufanele ambozwe ngesembozo esingangeni manzi esikhanyayo futhi aphakanyiswe phansi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukungena komoya okwanele ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwebhavu lomusi.
7. Akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele ukugcina amathayi endaweni emanzi, enamafutha / enamafutha, uphethiloli noma indawo engcoliswe uwoyela.
8. Ngakho-ke akufanelekile ukuwagcina eduze kwemithombo yokushisa noma eduze namalangabi avulekile.
9. Ungagcini amathayi endaweni ekhanyayo (njengeqhwa, isihlabathi) noma ezindaweni ezimunca ukushisa (njengetiyela elimnyama).
10. Akunconywa ukugcina amathayi eduze kwemoto kagesi noma neminye imithombo ye-ozone. Izinga akufanele lidlule u-0,08 ppm.
11. Ungawagcini amathayi eduze kwamakhemikhali, izincibilikisi, izinto zokubasa, uwoyela wamacarbohydrate, upende, ama-asidi, izibulala-magciwane.
12. Ungasebenzisi ujantshi njengendawo yokusebenza noma indawo yokubeka ithuluzi. Ungafaki ugwayi ovuthayo emathayini.

Ukuze uthole uhlu oluphelele lwemithetho nezincomo zesitoreji esifanele samasondo, bheka isihloko esithi "Indlela yokugcina irabha yomshini".

Izinhlobo ezaziwayo zamathayi angenisiwe, njenge: Bridgestone, Michelin, Goodyear kanye neDunlop zisebenza iminyaka eyi-10 noma ngaphezulu kusukela ngosuku lokukhiqiza, lesi sikhathi sithathwa njengesamukelwe ngokujwayelekile emhlabeni wonke. Kodwa usuku olujwayelekile lokuphelelwa yisikhathi nokugcinwa endaweni yokugcina impahla, kusukela ngosuku lokukhishwa, amathayi yezwekazi ayikho ngaphezu kweminyaka emi-5.

Nakuba, njengoba sesivele sibonile, izimo zokugcina amathayi zisho okuningi, hhayi kuphela okusha, kodwa nalezo ezikhishwe emotweni kuze kube isizini ezayo. Ngokwesibonelo, idethi yokuphelelwa yisikhathi kwesondo le-nokian isukela eminyakeni engu-3-5, ngaphansi kokuqinisekiswa okungenani isikhathi esingu-1 ngonyaka, ngemva kweminyaka emi-5 yokusetshenziswa.

Ngeshwa, umthetho awuzisunguli izikhathi ezivumelekile zokugcina amathayi endaweni yokugcina impahla, kodwa ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi isondo elihlale lapho iminyaka engaba ngu-5 lisalingana nelisha.

Impilo yamasondo nokusebenza

Ukuphila kwamasondo emoto - lesi yisikhathi lapho umenzi enikeza isiqinisekiso samathayi futhi unesibopho esiphelele sanoma yikuphi ukukhubazeka okuzotholwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwawo. Ngokusho kwabakhiqizi, amathayi kufanele ahlale okungenani iminyaka eyishumi, nakuba ekusebenzeni kufanele ashintshwe cishe njalo eminyakeni emi-5-6, kwezinye izimo ngisho nangaphansi.

izizathu ezithinta impilo yenjoloba

Kunezici eziningi ezahlukahlukene ezithinta ukugqokwa kwamasondo omshini, okuyinhloko kuvezwe ngezansi:

1. Kusukela emotweni namandla ayo okuthwala: ungakanani umthwalo ongawuthwala imoto nokuthi amathayi akho angakwazi yini ukumelana nawo (ikhombisa inkomba yomthamo womthwalo). Sicela uqaphele ukuthi kuye ngale parameter, kunezimiso ezithile zemayela lamasondo omshini emgwaqeni:
   • Ukuze izimoto abagibeli: ethwele umthamo kuze kube amathani 2, mileage 45 amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane.
   • Ukuze amaloli: ethwele umthamo kusuka 2 to 4 amathani, 60 amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane.
   • Amaloli anamandla okuthwala amathani angaphezu kwama-4 - ukusuka kumakhilomitha angama-65 kuye kwangama-70 ayizinkulungwane.
2. Kuye ngosayizi wesondo. Amathayi anephrofayili ephansi avame ukucofa idiski ematsheni, ngakho-ke asebenza kancane. Uma amathayi ebanzi, khona-ke ukungqubuzana kuyanda lapho ekhoneni, ikakhulukazi ebusika.
3. Isitayela sokushayela somshayeli. Isondo liguga ngokushesha uma umshayeli evame ukusebenzisa ibhuleki elibukhali noma, ngokuphambene nalokho, esheshisa ngokushesha.
4. Isimo somgwaqooshayela kuyo zonke izinsuku.
5. Ukusuka kude, odlulayo kanye nemvamisa yokusetshenziswa.
6. Ikhwalithi yethaya idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu, isibonelo, irabha eyenziwe eShayina ihlala isikhathi esifushane, kanti irabha evela kumikhiqizo eyaziwayo izohlala isikhathi eside. Kuyaziwa ukuthi impilo yesevisi yenjoloba yaseShayina cishe izinkathi ezimbili, futhi irabha enophawu ingahlala iminyaka eyisikhombisa. Lapho ukhetha amathayi, udinga ukunaka umenzi, ngoba ama-fakes avame ukuthengiswa ngaphansi kwemikhiqizo eyaziwayo.
7. Ukulimala okuhlukahlukene kwemishini, njengokusikeka, amabhampa ngemva kokuthinteka, ukuwohloka ngemva kwamabhuleki aphuthumayo, izingozi, njll.

Okulandelayo, sizocubungula ngokuningiliziwe imiyalelo yezenzo ezithile okufanele zenziwe uma kuguga amathayi omshini.

Indlela yokuqonda ukuthi impilo yesevisi yamasondo omshini isiphelile

Lapho uxilonga amathayi, ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kubalulekile ukunaka izinga lokugqoka, kunezinye izizathu ezibaluleke ngokulinganayo ezibonisa ukuphela kwempilo yenkonzo.

Ukuze unqume ukuthi impilo yesevisi yamathayi omshini iphela nini ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okuningiliziwe, udinga ukunaka amaphuzu alandelayo:

1. Uma ukuqaphela lokho ukunyathela kwesondo okugugile kuze kufike ezingeni lama-jumpers phakathi kokunyathela, kusho ukuthi isondo selifinyelele ekupheleni kokusebenza kwalo. Izinga lokugqoka linganqunywa iso noma ngosizo lwamathuluzi. Ngaphandle kwendawo yesondo, kukhona nezinombolo ezinokujula okuhlukene, ukuze ukwazi ukunquma kalula izinga lokugqoka. Ukuze ulinganise ukuphakama kokunyathela, ungasebenzisa irula nge-gauge ekhethekile yokujula. Ngamathayi ehlobo, le parameter kufanele ilingane nokungaphezu kuka-1,6 mm, futhi, amathayi asebusika - ngaphezu kuka-4 mm. Uma le mingcele incane, udinga ukushintsha amathayi. Uma ukugqoka kungalingani, khona-ke izilinganiso kufanele zithathwe endaweni lapho ukugqoka kubonakala khona kakhulu. Uma kungenjalo, uma i-tread edge igqokwe ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela, khona-ke i-camber-toe angle iphuliwe.
2. Imifantu emincane eceleni kumathayi abonisa ukuguga kwerabha futhi axwayise ngokushintshwa, kuyilapho ukusikeka okujulile kudinga ukushintshwa ngokushesha.
3. Uma kukhona ukuvuvukala ohlangothini lwamasondo - i-hernia, khona-ke lokhu kusho ukuthi izintambo zesendlalelo sezintambo ziphukile, kulokhu amathayi kufanele ashintshwe ngokushesha. Futhi, "i-hernia" enjalo ingavela ngaphakathi kwesondo, ngakho-ke udinga ukuqaphela kakhulu futhi uhlole ngesikhathi.
4. Uma ukuguga kwamasondo ngaphandle likhulu kakhulu kunengxenye emaphakathi, khona-ke lokhu kungase kusho ukuthi amathayi ayengenawo ukucindezela okwanele, uma konke kuphambene nalokho, agugile kakhulu phakathi nendawo, futhi angaphansi emaphethelweni angaphandle, khona-ke kukhona kwaba ingcindezi eyeqile.

Lapho kuqashelwa noma yikuphi ukukhubazeka emathayini, kunconywa ukuthi kwenziwe ukushintshwa, hhayi ukubuyiselwa kokuhlenga, ukuze futhi ngandlela thile kubambezele isikhathi sokusetshenziswa.

Ukuze wandise impilo yamathayi omshini, udinga ukuwaxilonga ngezikhathi ezithile.

Indlela yokwelula impilo yamasondo

Ukuze amathayi akho ahlale isikhathi eside, udinga ukulandela imithetho ethile yokusebenzisa:

1. Uma kungekho ukuvuza komoya okusobala, udinga ukuhlola umfutho wesondo njalo emavikini angama-2-3 wokusebenza. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngoba ukungalingani kwamasondo kuholela ekugugeni okungalingani. Uma ukucindezela kwangaphakathi kuncishiswa ngo-10%, khona-ke lokhu kungaholela ekunciphiseni kwe-10-15% yokuphila kwamasondo. Uma ukucindezela kwanda, khona-ke ukugqoka nakho kuyanda, kodwa izikhathi ezi-2 ngaphansi kunokwehlisiwe.

2. Njengoba kuhlale kunokugqoka okuningi kumasondo angaphambili (ukushayela), bese kuthi izikhathi eziyi-10-15. izinkulungwane noma ngesikhathi sokushintsha amathayi enkathi ethile, kuhle ukuyishintsha ezindaweni.

   Ukushintsha amathayi angaphambili abe ngemuva

   Uhlelo lokuvumela amasondo omshini angu-5

   Sicela uqaphele ukuthi nakuba kukhona amathayi anamaphethini aqondisayo futhi angaqondile, awukwazi ukushintsha indlela isondo elijika ngayo. Futhi ekukhetheni kwesibili, amasondo angaphambili kufanele afakwe kabusha ngaphambi kokufakwa emuva.

3. Kudingekile ukubheka ukuthi amathayi afakwe kahle yini maqondana nezinsimbi, okuvame ukukhonjiswa emaceleni amathayi, lokhu kubalulekile, ngoba lapho amathayi ezungeza ngokuphambene nomklamo, konke ukusebenza kwawo kuzoba. kuncishiswe kakhulu kuzo zonke izindlela zokusebenza kwemoto.

   Isikimu sokushintshwa kwamasondo angaqondile

   I-Shift scheme yezimoto ezidonsa ngawo wonke amasondo

4. Uma uthenge amathayi amasha agxiliwe, okokuqala, adinga ukugijima ku-500 km wokuqala ngenkathi ugwema ukujika okubukhali, ukubhuleka nokusheshisa, khona-ke amathayi azohlala isikhathi eside futhi azoba nokulingana okulungile.
5. Kungcono ukuthenga nokufaka amathayi kuwo wonke amasondo avela kumkhiqizi ofanayo futhi anephethini efanayo.
6. Landela yonke imithetho yokugcina amathayi akhishiwe.
7. Kubalulekile ukugeza njalo ukungcola kwamathayi ngemikhiqizo yokunakekelwa okukhethekile, ngenkathi unaka iqiniso lokuthi ngemva kokugeza imikhiqizo ayihlali emigwaqweni yokunyathela.
8. ukuze ulondoloze ukubukeka kwabo, udinga ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo yokunakekelwa okukhethekile: i-conditioner yamathayi, isihlanzi se-air conditioner, isibuyisi sombala wesondo.
9. Kudingekile ukugwema ukufinyelela eduze komgwaqo noma amanye ama-ledges, ukuze ungalimazi uhlangothi oluncane lwesondo.
10. Uma uhamba uhambo olude, kungcono ukwandisa ingcindezi yangaphakathi emathayi, lokhu kuzosindisa uphethiloli futhi kunciphise ukushisa kwawo.
11. Zama ukugcina isitayela sokushayela esimaphakathi.
12. Asikho isidingo sokulayisha umshini, ngo-20% wokulayisha ngokweqile, impilo yesevisi iyancipha ngo-30%.
13. Gwema izithiyo ezibukhali, ngoba ukuphuka kwamasondo kungaba nomthelela ekubhujisweni kwesendlalelo sentambo ngaphansi kokunyathela.
14. Hlola ukuma kwesondo kanye ngonyaka. futhi, lo msebenzi kufanele wenziwe ngemva kokulungiswa kwegiya lokuqondisa, ukushintshwa kwamalunga, kanye nangemva kwemithelela enamandla engakhubaza izakhi ku-chassis.
15. Landela ukulinganisa kwesondo, kufanele kwenziwe ngemuva kwe-10000-15000 km noma ngemuva kokukhanda ngakunye ngokukhipha amathayi.

Ochwepheshe batusa ukuhlola njalo isimo samathayi akho, ukuqapha ukucindezela nezinga lokuguga. Phela, kunenzuzo enkulu kakhulu ukulungisa ukuwohloka ezinyathelweni zokuqala kunokushintsha yonke irabha kamuva. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukunakekelwa kwesondo okulungile nokufika ngesikhathi ukuphepha kwakho kanye nesiqinisekiso sokuqina kwerabha yakho.