Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukushaja ibhethri lemoto kwishaja

Ekusebenzeni kwabashayeli bezimoto, kusetshenziswa izindlela ezimbili zokushaja ibhethri lesitoreji (ngebhethri engaguquki yokushaja nangamandla okushaja njalo. Indlela ngayinye esetshenzisiwe inezinkinga nezinzuzo zayo, futhi isikhathi sokushaja ibhethri sinqunywa yinhlanganisela yezici. Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukushaja ibhethri elisha osanda kulithenga noma elisuswe emotweni yakho lapho seliphuma, kufanele lilungiselelwe kahle ukushaja.

Ilungiselela ibhethri ukushaja

Ibhethri elisha kufanele ligcwaliswe ezingeni elidingekayo nge-electrolyte yamandla alawulwayo. Lapho ibhethri likhishwa emotweni, kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlanze amatheminali ane-oxidized ekungcoleni. Icala lebhethri elingena sondlo kufanele lisulwe ngendwangu emanziswe ngesisombululo se-soda ash (engcono) noma i-baking soda, noma i-ammonia ehlanjululwe.

Uma ibhethri linikwa insizakalo (amabhange ebhethri afakwe ama-plugs okugcwalisa nokufaka i-electrolyte), kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlanze kahle ikhava ephezulu (ngamaplagi afakwe ngaphakathi) ngokungeziwe, ukuze ukungcola ngengozi kungangeni ku-electrolyte lapho uqaqa amapulagi. Lokhu ngokuqinisekile kuzoholela ekuhlulekeni kwebhethri. Ngemuva kokuhlanza, ungasikhipha amapulagi bese ukala izinga nobukhulu be-electrolyte.

Uma kunesidingo, engeza i-electrolyte noma amanzi afuthwe ezingeni elidingekayo. Ukukhetha phakathi kokungeza i-electrolyte noma amanzi kusekelwe kubukhulu obulinganisiwe be-electrolyte ebhetri. Ngemuva kokufaka uketshezi, ama-plugs kufanele ashiywe evulekile ukuze ibhethri "liphefumule" ngesikhathi sokushaja futhi lingagqabuki ngamagesi akhishwe ngesikhathi sokushaja. Futhi, ngokusebenzisa izimbobo zokugcwalisa, kuzodingeka ubheke ngezikhathi ezithile izinga lokushisa kwe-electrolyte ukuze ugweme ukushisa nokubilisa.

Okulandelayo, xhuma ishaja (ishaja) koxhumana nabo bokukhipha ibhethri, uhlale ubheka ubumbano ("plus" kanye "minus"). Kulokhu, ekuqaleni, "izingwenya" zezintambo zeshaja zixhunywe kumatheminali ebhethri, lapho-ke intambo yamandla ixhunywe kuma-mains, futhi kuphela ngemuva kwalokho ishaja ivuliwe. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukukhipha ukugqamuka kwenhlanganisela ye-oxygen-hydrogen ekhishwe ebhethri noma ekuqhumeni kwayo lapho kukhanya ngesikhathi sokuxhuma "izingwenya".

Funda futhi kwi-portal avtotachki.com yethu: impilo yebhethri yemoto.

Ngenhloso efanayo, ukuhleleka kokunqamula ibhethri kuyahlehliswa: okokuqala, ishaja icishiwe, bese kuphela lapho "izingwenya" zinqanyuliwe. Ingxube ye-oxygen-hydrogen yakhiwa ngenxa yokuhlanganisa i-hydrogen ekhishwe ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwebhethri ne-oxygen yasemkhathini.

Ukushaja ibhethri le-DC

Kulokhu, i-current engaguqukiyo iqondwa njengokuqina kwamandla wamanje wokushaja. Le ndlela yiyona evame kakhulu kulezi ezimbili ezisetshenzisiwe. Izinga lokushisa le-electrolyte ebhetri elilungiselelwe ukushaja akufanele lifike kuma-35 ° C. Okwamanje ukushaja kwebhethri elisha noma elikhishiwe kuma-amperes kusethwe kulingana no-10% wamandla alo kuma-ampere-hours (isibonelo: ngomthamo ka-60 Ah, i-current of 6 A isethelwe). Lokhu kwamanje kuzogcinwa ngokuzenzakalela yishaja, noma kuzofanele kulawulwe ngokushintshwa kuphaneli yeshaja noma nge-rheostat.

Lapho ishaja, i-voltage kumatheminali okukhipha ibhethri kufanele ibhekwe, izokwanda ngesikhathi sokushaja, futhi lapho ifinyelela inani elingu-2,4 V ebhange ngalinye (okusho u-14,4 V webhethri lonke), okwamanje ukushaja kufanele kube uhhafu ngebhethri elisha nakabili noma kathathu kwelilisebenzisile. Ngalesi sikhathi samanje, ibhethri likhokhiswa kuze kube ukwakheka kwegesi eningi kuwo wonke amabhange webhethri. Ukushaja okuyizigaba ezimbili kukuvumela ukuthi usheshise ukushaja ibhethri futhi unciphise amandla wokukhishwa kwegesi okucekela phansi ipuleti lebhethri.

Uma ibhethri likhishwe kancane, kungenzeka ukuthi uyishaje ngemodi yesigaba esisodwa ngamanje alingana no-10% womthamo webhethri. Ukuvela ngokweqile kwegesi nakho kuyisibonakaliso sokushaja ukuqeda. Kunezinye izimpawu zokuphothulwa kokukhokhiswa:

• ukushintshwa kwe-electrolyte okungaguquki kungakapheli amahora amathathu;
• i-voltage ezikhumulweni zebhethri ifinyelela inani elingu-2,5-2,7 V ngesigaba ngasinye (noma u-15,0-16,2 V webhethri lonke) futhi le voltage ihlala ingashintshiwe amahora ama-3.

Ukulawula inqubo yokushaja, kubalulekile ukuhlola ukuminyana, izinga kanye nokushisa kwe-electrolyte emabhange webhethri njalo emahoreni ama-2-3. Izinga lokushisa akumele likhuphuke ngaphezu kuka-45 ° C. Uma umkhawulo wokushisa weqiwe, noma yeka ukushaja isikhashana bese ulinda izinga lokushisa le-electrolyte lehle liye ku-30-35 ° C, bese uqhubeka nokushaja ngasikhathi sinye esifanayo, noma wehlise i-current current ngezikhathi ezi-2.

Ngokuya ngesimo sebhethri entsha engakhokhisiwe, ukushaja kwayo kungahlala kumahora angama-20-25. Isikhathi sokushaja sebhethri esibe nesikhathi sokusebenza sincike ezingeni lokucekelwa phansi kwamapuleti alo, isikhathi sokusebenza nezinga lokukhishwa kwalo, futhi lingafinyelela kumahora ayi-14-16 noma ngaphezulu lapho ibhethri selikhishwe ngokujulile.

Ukushaja ibhethri ngamandla aqhubekayo

Kumodi yokushaja okungaguquguquki, kunconywa ukuthi ukhokhise amabhethri angenaso isondlo. Ukwenza lokhu, i-voltage kumatheminali okuphuma kwebhethri akufanele yeqe i-14,4 V, futhi imali ekhokhiswayo iyaqedwa lapho ukushaja kwamanje kwehla ngaphansi kuka-0,2 A. Ukushaja ibhethri kule modi kudinga ishaja ngenkathi kugcinwa i-voltage ephuma njalo ka-13,8 -14,4 V.

Kule modi, ukushaja kwamanje akulawulwa, kepha ishaja isethwe ngokuzenzakalela kuye ngezinga lokukhishwa kwebhethri (kanye nokushisa kwe-electrolyte, njll.). Ngevolthi yokushaja engaguquguquki engu-13,8-14,4 V, ibhethri lingakhokhiswa kunoma isiphi isimo ngaphandle kwengozi yokushiswa ngokweqile nokushisa ngokweqile kwe-electrolyte. Ngisho nasendabeni yebhethri elikhishwe ngokuphelele, amandla wamanje wokushaja awadluli inani lamandla okuzijwayeza.

Ekushiseni okungekho okungekuhle kwe-electrolyte, ibhethri likhokhisa kuze kufike ku-50-60% womthamo wayo ehoreni lokuqala lokushaja, elinye i-15-20% ngehora lesibili, bese kuba ngu-6-8% kuphela ngehora lesithathu. Ngokuphelele, emahoreni angu-4-5 wokushaja, ibhethri likhokhiswa ku-90-95% womthamo walo ogcwele, yize isikhathi sokushaja singahluka. Ukuqedela ukushaja kukhonjiswa ukwehla kwemali yamanje ekushaja ngaphansi kuka-0,2 A.

Le ndlela ayikuvumeli ukushaja ibhethri kuze kufike ku-100% womthamo wayo, ngoba kulokhu kubalulekile ukukhulisa amandla wamandla ezikhumulweni zebhethri (futhi, ngokufanele, amandla okukhipha kweshaja) abe ngu-16,2 A. Le ndlela izinzuzo ezilandelayo:

• ibhethri ishaja ngokushesha kunokushaja okuvamile kwamanje;
• indlela kulula ukuyisebenzisa ekusebenzeni, ngoba asikho isidingo sokulawula okukhona ngesikhathi sokushaja, ngaphezu kwalokho, ibhethri lingakhokhiswa ngaphandle kokulikhipha emotweni.

Isikhathi Esingakanani Ukushaja Ibhethri Lemoto [Nganoma iyiphi Ishaja ye-Amp]

Lapho usebenzisa ibhethri emotweni, ibuye ikhokhiswe ngemodi yokushaja okungaguquguquki (enikezwa ngumkhiqizi wemoto). Ezimweni "zensimu", kungenzeka ukushaja ibhethri "elitshaliwe" kusuka kuma-mains enye imoto ngokuvumelana nomnikazi wayo. Kulokhu, umthwalo uzobe uphansi kunendlela yendabuko "yokukhanyisa". Isikhathi esidingekayo ukuze ukukhokhisa okunjalo sikwazi ukuqala ngokuzimela sincike ekushiseni kwemvelo nasekujuleni kokukhishwa kwebhethri lakhona.

Ukulimala okukhulu kwebhethri kwenzeka lapho kufakwa ibhethri elilahliwe, elinamandla angaphansi kuka-12,55 V. Uma imoto iqalwa ngebhethri elinjalo, umonakalo unomphela kanye nokulahlekelwa okungenakuhlehliswa umthamo kanye nokuqina ibhethri .

Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokufakwa ngakunye kwebhethri emotweni, kuyadingeka ukuhlola umthamo webhethri bese uqhubeka nokufaka.

UKUSHAJA OKUSHESHA FUTHI UKWENZA KANJANI NGOKUPHEPHILE

AMABHTHRI E-ELECTROLYTE Ewuketshezi - UKUSHAJA OKUSHESHAYO

Ukushaja okusheshayo kuyaqhubeka uma ibhethri liphuma lapho udinga ukuqala ngokushesha injini yemoto. Le ndlela yokushaja kagesi ibonakala ngokushaja okuphezulu kanye nesikhathi sokushaja esifushane kunokuvamile kusukela 2 kuya ku-4 amahora . Phakathi nalolu hlobo lokushaja ugesi osheshayo, izinga lokushisa lebhethri kufanele liqashelwe (akumele lidlule 50-55°C ). Uma kunesidingo, uma kwenzeka "ukushajwa" kwebhethri, kuyadingeka ukunciphisa ukushaja okwamanje ukuze ibhethri lingashisi futhi kungabikho umonakalo ongadingeki wesikhathi eside noma ukuqhuma kwebhethri ngokwayo.

Endabeni yokushaja okusheshayo, umsinga wokushaja akufanele udlule 25% kusukela kumthamo webhethri elilinganiselwe ngo-Ah (C20).

ISIBONELO: Ibhethri elingu-100 Ah lishajwa ngomsinga ongaba ngu-25 A. Uma ishaja isetshenziselwa ukushajwa kukagesi ngaphandle kwemithetho yamanje yokushaja, amandla okushaja anomkhawulo ngale ndlela elandelayo:

• AMABHATHRI EZITHUTHUTHU 3 - 5 A               
• AMABHATHRI EZIMOTO 15 - 25 A
• AMABHATHRI EZINTO EZINZIMA 30 - 50 A

Ngemva kwenqubo yokushajwa okusheshayo, ibhethri ngeke lishajwe ngokugcwele. . I-alternator yemoto iqedela ukushajwa kukagesi ebhethri ngenkathi ushayela. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ezimweni ezinjalo ukusebenzisa imoto isikhathi esithile ngaphambi kokuma kokuqala nokuyeka ukusebenza.

Esimweni esinjalo, ukushaja ngesikhathi esisodwa kwe-eclectic kwamabhethri amaningana ngokuhambisana akunconywa, ngoba akunakwenzeka ukusabalalisa ngokunengqondo amandla amanje kanye nomphumela odingekayo ukuqala imoto ngaphandle kokulimaza ibhethri ngeke kufinyelelwe.

Ekupheleni kokushaja okusheshisiwe kukagesi kwebhethri ubuningi i-electrolyte kufanele ifane kuwo wonke amagumbi (umehluko omkhulu ovumelekile phakathi kwamanani aphezulu kanye nobuncane akumele udlule 0,030 kg / l ) futhi kuwo wonke amakamelo ayisithupha kufanele abe makhulu noma alingane nawo 1,260 kg/l at +25°C. Yini engahlolwa kuphela ngamabhethri anesembozo nokufinyelela okuvulekile ku-electrolyte.

I-voltage yesekethe evuliwe kuma-volts kumele ibe nkulu noma ilingane no-12,6 B. Uma kungenjalo, phinda ukushajwa kukagesi. Uma i-voltage ingagculisi ngemva kwalokhu, buyisela ibhethri, ngoba ibhethri elifile cishe lonakele unomphela futhi alihloselwe ukusetshenziswa okwengeziwe.

AMABHATHRI I-AGM - UKUSHAJA OKUSHESHAYO

Ukushaja okusheshayo kuyaqhubeka uma ibhethri seliphumile futhi lapho udinga ukuqala ngokushesha injini yemoto. Ibhethri ishajwa ngogesi ngamandla okuqala okushaja amakhulu, anciphisa isikhathi sokushaja, kanye nokulawula izinga lokushisa kwebhethri ( esiphezulu 45-50 ° С ).

Endabeni yokushaja okusheshayo, kuyanconywa ukuthi ukhawulele ukushaja kwamanje kokuthi 30% - 50% kusukela kumthamo webhethri okuzisholo ku-Ah (C20). Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, ebhethrini elinomthamo omncane ongu-70 Ah, ukushaja kwamanje kokuqala kufanele kube ngaphakathi. 20-35 A.

Kafushane, izinketho zokushaja ngokushesha ezinconyiwe yilezi:

• I-DC voltage: 14,40 - 14,80 V
• Umkhawulo wamanje olinganiselwe umthamo ongu-0,3 ukuya ku-0,5 ku-Ah (C20)
• Isikhathi sokushaja: 2 - 4 amahora

Akunconyiwe ngesikhathi esifanayo ukushaja amabhethri amaningana ngokuhambisana ngenxa yokungakwazi ukusabalalisa amandla amanje.

Ngemva kwenqubo yokushajwa okusheshayo, ibhethri ngeke lishajwe ngokugcwele. . I-alternator yemoto iqedela ukushajwa kukagesi ebhethri ngenkathi ushayela. Ngakho-ke, njengamabhethri amanzi, ngemva kokufaka ibhethri elishajwa ngokushesha, kufanele usebenzise imoto isikhathi esithile. Ekupheleni kwenqubo yokushaja, ibhethri kufanele ifinyelele ku-voltage efanayo. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, buyisela ibhethri noma isakwazi ukuqala injini yemoto.

Ukungakwazi ukufeza lesi sici (okusho ukuthi ibhethri lihlala lishajwe ngamandla angashintshi), kuhlanganiswe nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu langaphakathi, kukhombisa ukuguga nokudabuka , i.e. mayelana nokuqala kwe-sulfation, futhi ukulahlekelwa izakhiwo eziyisisekelo zebhethri . Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuthi ushintshe ibhethri noma ngabe isengaqala injini yemoto.

Ukushaja okusheshayo, njenganoma yikuphi ukushajwa kwebhethri, kuyinqubo ebucayi kakhulu futhi eyingozi. Kokubili kusuka ekushayweni kukagesi nasekuqhumeni uma izinga lokushisa lebhethri lingalawulwa. Ngakho-ke, siphinde sikunikeze imiyalelo yokuphepha ozoyisebenzisa.

IMITHETHO YOKUPHEPHA

Amabhethri aqukethe i-sulfuric acid (ebolayo) futhi akhiphe igesi eqhumayo ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokushaja ugesi. Ukulandela izinyathelo zokuphepha ezinqunyiwe kunciphisa ingozi yokulimala ngokuphelele. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokuzivikela kanye nezinto zokusebenza kuyimpoqo - amagilavu, izibuko, izingubo ezifanele, isihlangu sobuso .

Ungalokothi ubeke kanye/noma ushiye izinto zensimbi ebhethri ngenkathi ishaja. Uma izinto zensimbi zihlangana namatheminali ebhethri, kungabangela ukujikeleza okufushane, okungabangela ukuthi ibhethri liqhume.

Uma ufaka ibhethri emotweni, njalo xhuma isigxobo esihle (+) kuqala. Uma uqaqa ibhethri, njalo nqamula isigxobo esinegethivu (-) kuqala.

Njalo gcina ibhethri likude namalangabi avulekile, ugwayi ovuthayo nezinhlansi.

Sula ibhethri ngendwangu emanzi ye-antistatic ( akukho cala loboya futhi akukho cala elomile ) amahora ambalwa ngemva kokushaja kagesi, ukuze amagesi akhululiwe abe nesikhathi sokuhlakazeka ngokuphelele emoyeni.

Unganciki phezu kwebhethri eligijimayo noma phakathi nokufaka nokuqaqa.

Uma kwenzeka kuchitheka i-sulfuric acid, sebenzisa njalo i-chemical absorbent.