Ingakanani uphethiloli e-USSR?
Okuqukethwe
Ubani obeka inani likaphethiloli?
IKomiti Yamanani Kahulumeni yaphathiswa ukulawula izindleko zokugcwalisa impahla. Izikhulu zale nhlangano zasayina uhlu lwamanani entengo kaphethiloli, olwaqala ukusebenza kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-1969. Ngokwalo mbhalo, izindleko zikaphethiloli ezibhalwe A-66 zazingama-kopecks angama-60. Uphethiloli we-Class A-72 wawungathengwa ngama-kopecks angu-70. Intengo kaphethiloli ye-A-76 yabekwa kuma-kopecks angama-75. Izinhlobo zikaphethiloli ezibiza kakhulu kwakuyi-A-93 kanye ne-A-98 liquid. Izindleko zabo zazingama-kopecks angama-95 kanye ne-ruble eyi-1 kopecks, ngokulandelana.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abashayeli bezimoto ze-Union bathole ithuba lokufaka uphethiloli emotweni ebizwa ngokuthi "Extra", kanye nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi ingxube kaphethiloli ehlanganisa uphethiloli namafutha. Ithegi yentengo yoketshezi olunjalo yayilingana ne-ruble eyodwa nama-kopecks angama-80.
Njengoba phakathi nesikhathi sonke sobukhona be-USSR kwakhiqizwa inani elikhulu likaphethiloli elinezimpawu ezihlukahlukene, izindleko zalo zazilawulwa ngokuqinile, futhi ukuphambuka okuncane ohlwini lwamanani kungaqoshwa kuphela ezindaweni ezikude zaseSiberia.
Izici zemboni kaphethiloli ngesikhathi seSoviet
Isici esiyinhloko sangaleso sikhathi, ngaphezu kwenani elinqunyiwe, kwakuwukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu. Noma yikuphi ukuphambuka ku-GOST kwacindezelwa kanzima futhi kwajeziswa. Ngendlela, izindleko ezihleliwe azisetshenziswanga kuphela kubantu ngabanye, kodwa nasezinkampanini zikahulumeni.
Esinye isici sasiwukuthi intengo enikezwe ngenhla yayingakhokhiswa ilitha elilodwa, kodwa ngeshumi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Isizathu sisekungabibikho kwemishini ekhiqiza uphethiloli enembayo ephezulu kuleli. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlukaniswa kwaba ngokushesha kwabayishumi abaphezulu. Yebo, futhi abantu bazama ukungafaki inani elincane likaphethiloli, kodwa njalo bagcwalisa ithangi eligcwele kanye nezinsimbi ezimbalwa zensimbi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngawo-80s, inkinga yokuba khona kwe-AI-93 yayinzima kakhulu. Lokhu kuphethiloli, okokuqala, kuhanjiswe eziteshini zikaphethiloli, ezazisemizileni yezindawo zokungcebeleka. Ngakho kwadingeka ngiphenye endaweni ebekiwe.
Ukunyuka kwentengo
Kube nezinguquko eziningana phakathi neminyaka edlule. Futhi ukwanda kokuqala kwamanani angaguquki kwenzeka ekuqaleni kwawo-70s. Kuthinte zonke izinhlobo zikaphethiloli, ngaphandle kwe-A-76. Isibonelo, uphethiloli we-AI-93 wengeze ama-kopecks amahlanu entengo.
Kodwa ukwanda okuphawuleka kakhulu kwezindleko zikaphethiloli kubantu kwenzeka kuqala ngo-1978, kwase kuthi ngemva kweminyaka emithathu. Kuzo zombili izimo, ithegi yentengo iphindwe kabili ngesikhathi esisodwa. Abantu ababephila ngalezo zikhathi bavame ukukhumbula ukuthi umbuso wabanika ithuba lokuzikhethela: noma bagcwalise ithangi noma bathenge ilitha lobisi ngemali efanayo.
Lokhu kwaqeda ukukhuphuka kwentengo, futhi uhlu lwamanani olwasungulwa ngo-1981 lwahlala lungashintshiwe kwaze kwaba usuku lokugcina lokuba khona kwe-USSR.
