Imoto kagesi kufanele ihlale isikhathi esingakanani? Ibhethri yomuntu osebenza ngogesi ishintsha iminyaka emingaki? [IMPENDULO]

Izimoto zikagesi zihlala iminyaka embalwa kuphela, bese ibhethri lazo lingalahlwa? Kusho ukuthini ukukwazi ukushintsha amabhethri osebenza ngogesi? Imoto kagesi kufanele imelane nesamba sezingxenye zayo? Zingaki izingxenye enazo?

Ezinsukwini ezimbili ezedlule sichaze isimo sikanjiniyela wase-Australia iNissan Leaf (2012) eyalahlekelwa cishe u-2/3 wobubanzi bayo eminyakeni engu-7. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-5, imoto yahamba amakhilomitha angu-60 kuphela ngenkokhelo eyodwa, eminyakeni emibili kamuva - ngo-2019 - amakhilomitha angu-40 ehlobo kanye namakhilomitha angu-25 kuphela ebusika. Lapho eshintsha ibhethri, isaluni yamkhokhisa ngokulingana kwe-PLN 89:

> Nissan Leaf. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-5, indawo yokugcina amandla yehla yafika ku-60 km, isidingo sokushintsha ibhethri sasilingana ... 89 XNUMX. i-zloty

Ngemuva kokushicilelwa ngalesi sihloko kube nokuphawula okuningi. Ake sizame ukubaphatha.

Uhlu lokuqukethwe

• Imoto kagesi kufanele ihlale isikhathi esingakanani? Ibhethri kufanele lihlale isikhathi esingakanani?
  • Kuthiwani ngamamotho namagiya kagesi? Ochwepheshe: izigidi zamakhilomitha
  • Anjani amabhethri?
    • Imijikelezo engu-800-1 iyisisekelo, sibheke emijikelezweni eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa
  • Uma emuhle kangaka kungani ekhohlakele kangaka?
    • Standard - iwaranti iminyaka 8 / 160 ayizinkulungwane km.
  • Isifinyezo

Ake siqale ngalokhu izingxenye zemishini yemoto kagesi Oraz тело awahlukile ezintweni ezifanayo ezimotweni ezivuthayo zangaphakathi. Izixhumanisi zokuzinza zizoguga emigodini ye-polish, izinto zokudonsa ukushaqeka ngeke zisanamathela, futhi umsebenzi womzimba ungathola ukugqwala. Lokhu kuvamile futhi kuncike ohlotsheni lwezingxenye ezizofana noma zifane namamodeli afanayo omkhiqizo ofanayo.

I-BMW iNext (c) I-BMW yangaphandle

Kuthiwani ngamamotho namagiya kagesi? Ochwepheshe: izigidi zamakhilomitha

Kuhle izinjini namuhla kuyisisekelo semboni yomhlaba, yabo ukuzimela kunqunywa kusukela emashumini ambalwa kuya emahoreni ayizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu amaninganakuye ngokuklama nomthwalo. Omunye unjiniyela kagesi waseFinland wathi isilinganiso singamahora omuntu angu-100 XNUMX., okufanele ivezwe ngezigidi zamakhilomitha eshayelwa:

> I-Tesla enebanga elide kakhulu? Umshayeli wetekisi waseFinland usehambe amakhilomitha angama-400

Yebo, lezi "zigidi" zingancishiswa zibe amashumi ezinkulungwane uma izinjini zinezinkinga zokuklama noma siziphusha zifinyelele umkhawulo. Kodwa-ke, ngaphansi kokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile, ukusetshenziswa kufanele kube njengoba kukhonjisiwe esithombeni esingezansi - Lena i-Tesla Model 3 transmission ene-mileage ye-1 km.:

Anjani amabhethri?

Lapha izinto seziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Namuhla, imijikelezo yokushaja engu-800-1 ibhekwa njengezinga elifanelekile, ngomjikelezo wokushaja ophelele obhekwa njengokushajwa kumaphesenti angu-000 (noma umthamo webhethri wamaphesenti amabili kuya kwayi-100, njll.). Ngakho uma kudlula imoto Ngempela 300 km ngebhethri (Nissan Leaf II: 243 km, Opel Corsa-e: 280 km, Tesla Model 3 SR+: 386 km, njll.), bese 800-1 imijikelezo kufanele kwanele 000-240 amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane. Noma ngaphezulu:

> Kukangaki udinga ukushintsha ibhethri emotweni kagesi? I-BMW i3: iminyaka engu-30-70 ubudala

Ngokusho kwe-Central Statistical Bureau, inkambo enjalo ihambisana neminyaka engu-20-25 yokusebenza.

Kodwa akugcini lapho: lezi 240-300 amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane AKUWONA umkhawulo lapho ibhethri ingalahlwa khona kuphela. Ifinyelela kuphela kumaphesenti angama-70-80 womthamo wayo wangempela. Ngenxa ye-voltage ephansi kakhulu (amandla aphansi) ayisafanele ukusetshenziswa kwezimoto, kodwa ingasetshenziswa iminyaka embalwa noma ngaphezulu njengedivayisi yokugcina amandla. Ezasekhaya noma ezimbonini.

Futhi kuphela lapho, ngemva kokukhonza iminyaka engu-30-40, ingalahlwa. Ukugaywa kabusha, lapho namuhla singathola khona cishe amaphesenti angama-80 azo zonke izakhi:

> I-Fortum: Sisebenzisa kabusha amaphesenti angaphezu kuka-80 wezinto zokwakha ezivela kumabhethri e-lithium-ion asetshenzisiwe.

Imijikelezo engu-800-1 iyisisekelo, sibheke emijikelezweni eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa

Umjikelezo oshiwo ongu-1 uthathwa njengendinganiso namuhla, kodwa amalabhorethri aseweqe kakade lo mkhawulo. Ucwaningo olusanda kushicilelwa lubonisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthuthukisa amaseli e-lithium-ion akwazi ukumelana nezindleko eziyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa. Ngakho-ke, iminyaka yokusebenza eyi-000-20 ebalwe ngaphambili kufanele iphindwe ngo-25 noma 3:

> Ilebhu, enikwa amandla yi-Tesla, izidla ngezinto ezizomelana nezigidi zamakhilomitha.

Uma emuhle kangaka kungani ekhohlakele kangaka?

Inkinga yase-Australia yavelaphi? unjiniyela, uma ibhethri layo kufanele lihlale isikhathi eside? Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ibhethri layo isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuvele okungenani eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule, mhlawumbe kusukela i-iPhone yokuqala yafika emakethe.

Ngisho nasezimotweni zesimanje ezithengiswa kakhulu namuhla, sinobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe okungenani eminyakeni engu-3-5 edlule. Kungenzeka kanjani lokhu? Nokho, lapho amaseli ebola kancane, kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuhlola umthamo wawo.

I-Audi Q4 e-tron (c) i-Audi

Isizathu sesibili sibaluleke ngokulinganayo, futhi mhlawumbe sibaluleke kakhulu: I-Nissan ibingomunye wabakhiqizi abambalwa abakhethe ukupholisa amabhethri angenzi lutho.. Ukuguga kwamaseli nokuncipha kwamandla kuye kwashesha kakhulu lapho imoto ishayelwa futhi ishajwa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu - njengase-Australian scoundrel.

Okushisa kakhulu, ukuwohloka okusheshayo kuqhubeka futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu iningi labakhiqizi basebenzisa umoya osebenzayo noma ukupholisa uketshezi kumabhethri. Endabeni yeNissan Leaf, isimo sezulu siyasindisa. Owase-Australia okukhulunywe ngaye ngenhla wahamba amakhilomitha angaphansi kwezinkulungwane ezingama-90, kanti umshayeli wetekisi waseSpain usevele engamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-354 ngaphambi kokuthi ashintshe ibhethri:

> I-Nissan Leaf ezindaweni ezishisayo: amakhilomitha angu-354, ukushintsha kwebhethri

Standard - iwaranti iminyaka 8 / 160 ayizinkulungwane km.

Namuhla, cishe wonke umkhiqizi wezimoto zikagesi unewaranti yeminyaka engu-8 noma amakhilomitha angu-160 futhi ubika ukuthi izoshintsha ibhethri uma kuphela eshajike ngokuphelele inamaphesenti angu-~60-70 kuphela omthamo wangempela.

Ngakho-ke, ake sizame ukucabangela izimo ezintathu okungenzeka:

1. Ibhethri ilahlekelwa amandla ngokushesha. Kulesi simo, ukushintshwa cishe kuzokwenzeka ngaphansi kwewaranti, i.e. umthengi wemoto ye-aftermarket uzothola imoto enebhethri lebanga eliphansi kakhulu, okungenzeka elingcono. Wanqoba!
2. Ibhethri ilahlekelwa amandla kancane kancane. Ibhethri ngeke lisebenziseke ngemva komjikelezo ongu-1, noma okungenani iminyaka engu-000-15, kuye ngebanga lonyaka. Noma ubani othenga imoto eneminyaka engu-25+ kufanele acabangele ubungozi bezindleko ezinkulu - lokhu kusebenza kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokushayela ngokuphelele.

Kukhona inketho yesithathu, "ephakathi": ibhethri ngeke lisebenziseke ngokushesha ngemva kokuphela kwewaranti. Lezi zimoto kufanele nje zigwenywe. noma baxoxisane ngenani labo. Izindleko zabo zizohambisana nezindleko zezimoto ezinebhande lesikhathi eliphukile lapho kushayisana injini.

Akekho umuntu ojwayelekile ongathenga imoto enjalo ngenani eligcwele...

> Izintengo zamanje zezimoto zikagesi: I-Smart isinyamalele, eshibhe kakhulu i-VW e-Up esuka ku-PLN 96.

Isifinyezo

Imoto kagesi yesimanje kufanele ishayele ngaphandle kwezinkinga okungenani eminye iminyaka - futhi lokhu kungokusebenzisa kakhulu. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokushayela ezijwayelekile, izingxenye zakhona ziyamelana:

• ibhethri - kusuka eziningana kuya emashumini ambalwa eminyaka,
• injini - kusukela eziningana kuya emakhulwini eminyaka,
• umzimba / umzimba - ofanayo nalowo wemoto evuthayo yangaphakathi,
• i-chassis - efanayo naleyo yemoto evuthayo yangaphakathi,
• clutch - cha, ke akukho nkinga,
• gearbox - cha, ayikho inkinga (ngaphandle: Rimac, Porsche Taycan),
• ibhande lesikhathi - cha, akunankinga.

Futhi uma esasaba izimoto zikagesi, kufanele afunde, isibonelo, indaba yalesi German. Namuhla isivele isendaweni yamakhilomitha ayisigidi esingu-1:

> I-Tesla Model S nerekhodi lemayela. UmJalimane usehambe amakhilomitha angu-900 futhi useshintshe ibhethri kuze kube manje.

Lokhu kungase kube nentshisekelo kuwe: