Amathayi agcwele imibono - abazalwane bakwaMichelin

I-Concern Michelin, umkhiqizi wamasondo waseFrance owaziwayo, kuhlanganisa. kuFormula 1, bekungeke kuze kuvele ukube bekungengenxa yesethi ekhethekile yezimo ezingezinhle. Abasunguli benkampani enamandla, abazalwane u-Edouard no-André Michelin (1), babenezinhlelo ezihlukene zomsebenzi, kodwa kwaba ngenxa yemboni yamasondo ukuthi bathole impumelelo yezezimali.

Omdala kubazalwane U-André Jules Aristide Michelin (owazalwa ngo-1853), waphothula e-École Centrale Paris lapho athola khona iziqu zobunjiniyela ngo-1877, futhi wavula inkampani yensimbi eParis. Junior Edward (owazalwa ngo-1859) walandela ezinyathelweni zikayise, UJulius Michelinowayesebenza emasikweni, futhi ngesikhathi sakhe sokuphumula wayehlanganyela emidwebo kanye ne-lithography. U-Edward wafundela umthetho ukuze azondle futhi uthando lwakhe bekuwukudweba e-École des Beaux-Arts eParis.

Lapho ezama isandla sakhe njengomdwebi wendawo ngo-1886, wathola incwadi ephelelwe ithemba evela ku-anti owamcela ukuba athathe futhi anakekele ibhizinisi lomndeni e-Clermont-Ferrand. Le nkampani, eyasungulwa ngo-1832 ngumkhulu wezelamani zakwaMichelin, yayisenqenqemeni yokuqothuka. Inkampani ibilahlekelwa amakhasimende. Nakuba yayinedumela lekhwalithi enhle, imishini yasepulazini yale fekthri yayimba eqolo futhi isiphelelwe yisikhathi. U-Edward waphendula ngokuthi "yebo", kodwa waphendukela kumfowabo ukuze athole usizo. U-Andre wayengazi nje kuphela imishini, kodwa futhi wayenolwazi lwebhizinisi. Isu labo lokugcina impahla yomndeni lachazwa ngokucacile - kufanele babheke amathuba amasha okuthengisa.

Ebhizinisini lomndeni, kanye nezikweletu, abazalwane bakwaMichelin bazuza njengefa imfihlo yokwenza irabha ngenjolobakanye nesidingo semikhiqizo yenjoloba sikhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni zezimoto namabhayisikili. Ngakho banqume ukuzama isandla sabo kulo mkhakha. Bathola imali edingekayo ku-anti wabo futhi bashintsha igama lebhizinisi lomndeni. Futhi ngo-1986 uMichelin et Cie.

Imiphumela yokuvakasha komshayeli webhayisikili oneshwa

Nokho, isiqalo sasinzima, futhi uMichelin wayemane nje engenye yezinkampani ezincane eziningi ezincintisana nesikhulu esasungula futhi sathuthukisa inqubo ye-vulcanization ngo-1839. AmaFulentshi asizwa inhlanganisela yezimo.

Ngenye intambama yasentwasahlobo ngo-1889, wavakashela imboni yabo. umgibeli webhayisikiliowaphuka isondo phakathi nohambo. Ebhayisikilini lakhe kwakukhona isethi yezinto ezisanda kusungulwa amathayi we-pneumatic iklanywe usomabhizinisi waseScotland uJohn Boyd Dunlop. Izisebenzi zaseMichelin kwadingeka zisebenze kanzima amahora ambalwa ukuze zilungise amathayi aphantshile. Dunlop amathayi ngenxa yokuthi anamathela kumarimu, okwenza kube nzima ukuwasusa nokuwalungisa.

Lapho ekugcineni kwenzekile, u-Edward wayigibela kancane. ibhayisikili lesimanje. Wahlabeka umxhwele kakhulu ngokushelela nokushesha kwesondo eligcwele umoya. Waqinisekisa umfowabo ukuthi ikusasa lemboni yezimoto lalingelololu hlobo lwesondo, nokuthi amathayi omoya azoduma kakhulu kunamathayi enjoloba aqinile angakhululekile aziwa ngokuthi "ama-arrays" ayesetshenziswa ngaleso sikhathi. Indlela amasondo e-Dunlop alingana ngayo idinga ukushintshwa kancane.

Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, ngo-1891, baba nesondo lokuqala elishintshashintshayo elineshubhu elingaphakathi, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi isondo eligoqekayo, selilungile. Basebenzise inhlanganisela entsha yerimu lamasondo nethayi ngesikulufu esincane nezinsimbi. Lokhu kwahlanganisa izingxenye zesondo. Uma kwenzeka kubhobozwa isondo, ukushintsha isondo elisha kuthathe imizuzu engu-15 kuphela, okubonakala kuyinto ewubala namuhla, kodwa kwase kuba njalo. real technical Revolution.

Michelin Brazil babuye bathuthukisa ngobuchule ukusungulwa kwabo. Umpetha wamabhayisikili Charles Terront waqala ngebhayisikili namathayi e-Michelin emhlanganweni weParis-Brest-Paris ngo-1891. Emdlalweni wakhe oyingqopha-mlando, uTeron wahamba amakhilomitha angu-72 ngamahora angu-XNUMX, eshintsha amathayi izikhathi eziningana phakathi nomjaho. Michelin ibhasi yakhanga isithakazelo futhi i-Michelin yaba enye yezinkampani ezibaluleke kakhulu embonini ye-vulcanization, ekuqaleni yayinikela kuphela amathayi ebhayisikili.

U-Edward no-André benza okufanayo. Basebenza ekuthuthukiseni ukusungulwa kwabo. Ngo-1895, i-Błyskawica - L'Éclair - yaqala emhlanganweni weParis-Bordeaux-Paris njengemoto yokuqala efakwe amathayi omoya (2). Abazalwane bakwaMichelin baqala ukunqoba imakethe yamasondo ezimoto.

2. Izelamani zakwaMichelin zishayela u-L'Eclair ngamathayi omoya okuqala emjahweni osuka eParis uya eBordeaux - ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwesibalo

Babedinga ukukhangisa okuphumelelayo ebhizinisini elisha. Umbono wokudalwa Michelin umuntu odumile wazalelwa emqondweni womdwebi wezwe wesikhathi esizayo u-Edouard. EMbukisweni Ojwayelekile Nobukoloni eLyon ngo-1898, u-Édouard wadonsela ukunakekela enqwabeni yamasondo abekwe phezu kwelinye. Lo mbono wamkhuthaza ukuba adale i-mascot yenkampani.

Indoda edumile ye-bibendum yaklanywa uMarius Rossillon, u-O'Galop. Umbala omhlophe wamathayi akha i-Bibendum silhouette awuyona iphutha. Kwaze kwaba ngo-1905 lapho usokhemisi oyiNgisi u-C. K. Mout ethola khona ukuthi ukucebisa inqubo ye-vulcanization nge-carbon black kwandisa ukuqina kwenjoloba. Ngaphambi kwalokhu kutholakala, amathayi akho kokubili amabhayisikili nezimoto ayemhlophe, njengendoda yaseMichelin.

Ubuholi kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha

3. Umhlahlandlela wokuqala we-Michelin ngo-1900.

Le nkampani ibibheka imibono emisha yokuthola amagama amakhulu embonini yamasondo - i-Goodyear, i-Firestone ne-Continental. Ngo-1900, u-André weza nalokhu Umhlahlandlela we-Michelin (3). I-Michelin Red Book of Motorists, eyanyatheliswa okokuqala ngqa ngesikhathi se-World Expo eParis, iqukethe uhlu olude lwamadolobha aseFrance namakheli ezindawo lapho ungama khona, udle, ukhiphe igesi noma ulungise imoto yakho. Le ncwadi ihlanganisa neziqondiso ukulungiswa nokushintshwa kwamasondo e-Michelin.

Umqondo womkhankaso wokukhangisa ngaleli fomu ubonakale uhlakaniphe ngendlela elula. Abashayeli Balethe Amakhophi Amahhala angama-35 umhlahlandlela obomvu. Ngo-1906, uMichelin wandisa abasebenzi embonini yaseClermont-Ferrand baba ngaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezine zabantu, futhi ngemva konyaka wavula imboni yokuqala yamathayi yakwaMichelin eTurin.

Abafowethu u-Eduard no-Andre bazibonakalisa bengochwepheshe bezentengiso, kodwa abazange bakhohlwe ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukusungula izinto ezintsha ekuthuthukisweni kwenkampani, inkampani eyaziwa ngayo kuze kube namuhla. (4). Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX, inkanyezi yakwaMichelin, egqoke ithayi elisha elinezitebhisi ezigxiliwe, yabuza abashayeli ukuthi bayazi yini ukuthi kungani ingasheleli? Ukunyathela kwe-Michelin kuhlinzekiwe ukubamba okungcono nokuqina kwesondo. Abashayeli baseFrance bajabula futhi bashintsha amathayi ngobuningi. Futhi abazalwane bakwaMichelin babala inzuzo.

4. I-Michelin Modern Concept Tyres kanye ne-Bibendum Man

Phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, inhloko-dolobha enqwabelene yabavumela ukuba bakhiqize izindiza eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili ngezidingo zebutho laseFrance, ezakha eziyikhulu kuphela ngezindleko zabo. Izindiza zeBreguet-Michelin zasuka eClermont-Ferrand zisuka endaweni yokuqala usimende emhlabeni, eyakhiwa izelamani zakwaMichelin. Eminyakeni embalwa ngaphambi kokuqala kwempi, baba nesithakazelo kwezokundiza futhi basungula umklomelo okhethekile we-Michelin kanye ne-Michelin Cup emqhudelwaneni wabashayeli bezindiza baseFrance.

Ngo-1923, uMichelin wethula amathayi eComfort kubashayeli. isondo lokuqala low pressure (Ibha engu-2,5), enikeze ukubamba okuhle nokuguquguquka. Inani lomkhiqizo weMichelin lakhula futhi inkampani yaba igunya lezigidi zabashayeli.

Besebenzisa ngokunenzuzo isikhundla sabo emakethe, izelamani zakwaMichelin zethula inkanyezi edumile ngo-1926, eyasheshe yaba indebe eyigugu nefiselekayo yabanikazi bamahhotela nezindawo zokudlela. U-André Michelin washona ngo-1931, u-Edouard Michelin ngo-1940. Ngo-1934, umndeni wakwaMichelin wathola imboni yezimoto yaseFrance iCitroën, eyavalwa. Imisebenzi eyikota yesigidi yasindiswa, kwaxazululwa izimangalo zababolekisi kanye nezinkulungwane zabonga abancane. U-Edward no-André badlulisela enzalweni yabo umbuso onamandla owawusunesikhathi eside usaba inkampani yamasondo nje.

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