Ibutho Romanian empini for Odessa ngo-1941.

Mayelana nokuwohloka kwesimo eSouthern Front, iSoviet Supreme High Command yanquma ukukhipha e-Odessa ukuze kusetshenziswe amasosha amiswe lapho ukuqinisa ukuzivikela kweCrimea neSevastopol. Esithombeni: ibutho laseRomania lingena edolobheni.

Lapho ukuhlasela kwamaJalimane eSoviet Union kuqala ngo-June 22, 1941 (Operation Barbarossa), elinye lamabutho ahlangene okuqala, kanye ne-Wehrmacht, athuthela ekujuleni kwe-USSR, kwakuyibutho laseRomania.

Ngo-September 1939, iRomania ayizange ingathathi hlangothi naphezu kokunqotshwa kwePoland ngamaJalimane namaSoviet. Kodwa-ke, iJalimane kancane kancane yalinqoba leli zwe ngokwezomnotho nakwezepolitiki, isebenzisa umbutho wama-Iron Guard wama-Romanian owawuholwa nguHoria Sim, obheke kuReich Wesithathu kanye nomholi wawo u-Adolf Hitler. Izenzo zamaJalimane zathola indawo evundile njengoba iRomania yayizizwa isongelwa iSoviet Union. I-USSR, isebenzisa izinhlinzeko ze-Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact ka-August 1939, yaphoqelela iRomania ukuba idlulisele iBessarabia neNorthern Bukovina ngoJuni 1940. NgoJulayi, iRomania yahoxa eNhlanganweni Yezizwe. Elinye igalelo elenzeka kuleli lizwe lasingathwa umfelandawonye wesikhathi esizayo lapho iJalimane ne-Italy iqinisa ukusekela isimiso saseHungary, iphoqelela uhulumeni waseRomania ukuba unikeze iHungary enye ingxenye yendawo yaseRomania. Njengengxenye ye-Vienna Arbitration yango-August 30, 1940, iMaramures, Krishna kanye nenyakatho yeTransylvania (43 km²) yadluliselwa eHungary. NgoSepthemba, iRomania yanikela iSouthern Dobruja eBulgaria. INkosi uCharles II ayizange iwusindise uhulumeni kaNdunankulu uJ. Gigurt futhi ngo-September 500, 4, uJenene Ion Antonescu waba inhloko kahulumeni, futhi uHoria Sima waba isekela likandunankulu. Icindezelwa uhulumeni omusha nemizwelo yomphakathi, inkosi yahoxa ivuna indodana yayo uMichael I. Ngo-November 1940, iRomania yavumelana ne-Anti-Comintern Pact futhi yenqaba iziqinisekiso zaseBrithani, okwakuwubuqili. I-Iron Guard yayilungiselela ukuketula umbuso ukuze kuthathwe wonke amandla. Itulo ladalulwa, abakhi bozungu baboshwa noma, njengoHoria Sima, babalekela eJalimane. Izimpi ezivamile zenzeka phakathi kwebutho laseRomania kanye namayunithi ebutho; Kwafa abantu abangu-23, kuhlanganise namasosha angu-2500. I-Iron Guard yasuswa emandleni ngo-January 490, kodwa abalandeli bayo namalungu abazange banyamalale futhi basajabulela ukwesekwa okukhulu, ikakhulukazi ebuthweni. Kube nokuhlelwa kabusha kukahulumeni, oholwa nguJenene Antonescu, owathatha isihloko esithi "Conducator" - umkhuzi oyinhloko wesizwe saseRomania.

Ngo-September 17, 1940, u-Antonescu wacela usizo lokuhlela kabusha nokuqeqesha ibutho laseJalimane. Imishini yezempi yaseJalimane yafika ngokusemthethweni mhla ziyi-12 kuMfumfu; lalinabantu abangu-22 430, kuhlanganise namasosha angu-17 561. Phakathi kwazo kwakukhona amayunithi ezikhali ezilwa nezindiza, ezathunyelwa ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zikawoyela ePloiesti nomsebenzi wokuzivikela ekuhlaselweni kwezindiza zaseBrithani. Amayunithi okuqala e-Wehrmacht afika ngokushesha ngemva kwamayunithi okuqeqesha kanye nochwepheshe bemishini yezempi. I-13th Panzer Division nayo kwadingeka ivikele amasimu kawoyela. I-6th Panzer Division yafika phakathi no-December 1940, futhi entwasahlobo ka-1941, ukudluliselwa kwezingxenye ze-11th Army endaweni yaseRomania kwaqedwa. Izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu ze-11th Army yaseJalimane, eyakhiwe eRomania, yayihlanganisa ukuhlukana kwezingane kanye namahhashi aseRomania. Ngakho, amabutho Ahlangene akha ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yeQembu Lezempi LaseNingizimu, naphezu kwemibono engemihle eyavezwa uHitler ngoMarch 30, 1941 emhlanganweni nojenene: abantu baseRomania bayavilapha, bakhohlakele; lokhu ukubola kokuziphatha. (…) amabutho abo asebenziseka kuphela uma imifula ebanzi ebahlukanisa nenkundla yempi, kodwa noma kunjalo awathembekile.

Engxenyeni yokuqala kaMeyi 1941, uHitler no-Antonescu bahlangana okwesithathu phambi kukaJoachim von Ribbentrop, uNgqongqoshe Wezangaphandle waseJalimane. Ngokwendaba yomholi waseRomania ngo-1946, kwakukulo mhlangano lapho sanquma khona ngokuhlanganyela ukuhlasela nakanjani iSoviet Union. UHitler wamemezela ukuthi ngemva kokuphothulwa kwamalungiselelo, umsebenzi wawuzoqala ngokuzumayo kuwo wonke umngcele kusukela oLwandle Olumnyama kuya oLwandle iBaltic. I-Romania kwakufanele ibuyisele izindawo ezilahlekile e-USSR futhi ithole ilungelo lokubusa izindawo kuze kufike ku-Dnieper.

Ibutho laseRomania ngobusuku bempi

Ngaleso sikhathi, ayesethuthukile kakade amalungiselelo ebutho laseRomania lokuhlasela. Ngaphansi kobuholi bamaJalimane, kwaqeqeshwa izigaba ezintathu zezinsana, okwakuzoba imodeli kwabanye, futhi kwaqala ukuhlukaniswa amathangi. IRomania yaqala nokuhlomisa amasosha ngezikhali zesimanje, ikakhulukazi ezaseFrance ezithunjiwe. Kodwa-ke, ngokombono wamalungiselelo ezempi abaluleke kakhulu, okubaluleke kakhulu kwakuwumyalelo wokwandisa ibutho kusukela ku-26 kuya ku-40 izigaba. Ithonya elikhulayo lamaJalimane laphinde labonakala ekuhlelweni kwebutho lebutho; lokhu kubonakala kahle esigabeni. Babehlanganisa amasosha amathathu ahamba ngezinyawo, izikhali ezimbili zezikhali (izibhamu ezingama-52 75-mm kanye nama-Howitzers angu-100-mm), iqembu lokuhlola (okuyingxenye yemishini), ibutho lama-sappers kanye nezokuxhumana. Leli qembu lalinamasosha nezinduna eziyizinkulungwane eziyishumi nesikhombisa namakhulu amahlanu. Ibutho lamasosha ahamba ngezinyawo lingenza ngempumelelo imisebenzi yokuzivikela ngamabutho amathathu (izinkampani ezintathu zamasosha ahamba ngezinyawo, inkampani yezibhamu ezingomshini, iqembu labagibeli bamahhashi, kanye nenkampani esekelayo enezibhamu eziyisithupha ezingama-17-mm). Inkampani elwa namathangi ibihlome ngezibhamu ezingu-500 37-mm. Amabutho amane asezintabeni (abe eseguqulwa abe yizigaba) nawo akhiwa ukuze akhe amabutho asezintabeni aklanyelwe ukulwa ezimweni ezinzima zasebusika ezintabeni. Amabhethoni woku-12 kuya kwengama-47 aziqeqeshe ngokuzimela, kuyilapho ama-battalion angama-1 kuya kwengama-24 aqeqeshelwa ukushushuluza eqhweni. I-mountain brigade (amaphoyisa angu-25 namadoda) yayihlanganisa izibhamu ezimbili ze-mountain-battalion ezintathu kanye nebutho lokuhlola, eliqiniswe okwesikhashana yibutho lezempi (izibhamu ezingu-26 zasezintabeni ezingu-12 mm no-24 mm howitzers kanye nezibhamu ezingama-75 zama-anti-tank ezingu-100 mm) , usebenzisa i-pack traction.

Ibutho lamahhashi lakha ibutho eliphawulekayo, lakha ibutho lamabutho ayisithupha lamahhashi. Ingxenye yamasosha angu-25 agibela amahhashi yayinanyathiselwe emaqenjini okuhlola amabutho ahamba ngezinyawo. Kwahlelwa amabutho ayisithupha agibela amahhashi: eyoku-1, yesi-5, yesi-6, yesi-7, yesi-8, neyesi-9, eyayihlanganisa abanikazi bamazwe abacebile ababephoqelekile ukuba balalele iyunithi ngehhashi labo. Ngo-1941, ama-brigades amahhashi (amaphoyisa angu-6500 namadoda) ayehlanganisa ibutho lamahhashi amabili, ibutho lezimoto, ibutho lezobunhloli, ibutho lezempi, inkampani ye-anti-tank enezibhamu ezingu-47 mm kanye nenkampani ye-sapper.