PzKpfW II. Amathangi okuhlola kanye nezibhamu ezizishayelayo
Isibhamu esizishayelayo esilwa nethangi SdKfz 132 Marder II phakathi nemashi, simbozwe ngendlela yamagatsha.
Ngokuphambene nokwesaba kokuqala, i-chassis yethangi le-PzKpfw II yaba yimpumelelo futhi inokwethenjelwa. Le chassis yayisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izibhamu ezizishayelayo ezilula, izibhamu ze-Marder anti-tank kanye nama-Wespe howitzers. Enye indawo yentuthuko kwakuwumndeni wamathangi okuphinda abone ngokumiswa kwe-torsion bar kanye nezikhali eziqinisiwe.
Sizoqala ngamathangi okuhlola, ngoba lokhu kuyindlela eyinhloko yokuthuthukiswa kwalezi zimoto. Kwakuzohloselwe izimpi zokuhlola zezigaba ezihlomile kanye nezigaba zezikhali (isibhamu esinenjini). Kuyaphawuleka lapha ukuthi kuze kube ngo-1942 sekuhlanganisiwe, lezi zimpi zazinezinkampani ezimbili zezimoto ezihlomile (ezilula ezinamasondo angu-4 nezisindayo ezingu-6 noma ezingu-8), inkampani yezibhamu ezithuthuthu eziphethe ubhasikidi kanye nenkampani esekelayo enezithuthuthu. inqwaba yezibhamu ezilwa namathangi, inqwaba yezibhamu zamasosha kanye nenqwaba yezibhamu. Ngo-1943-45, ibutho laba nenhlangano ehlukile: inkampani eyodwa yezimoto ezihlomile (imvamisa i-SdKfz 234 yomndeni wakwaPuma), inkampani yabathuthi be-half-track reconnaissance (SdKfz 250/9), izinkampani ezimbili zokuhlola imishini ku-SdKfz 251 kanye inkampani esekelayo enabashisi bamalangabi, izibhamu zamasosha kanye nemishini - konke ku-SdKfz 250-half-track transporters. Ashonephi amathange okuhlola ukukhanya? Ezinkampanini ezisebenzisa izithutha ze-SdKfz 250/9, empeleni ezithathe indawo yethangi lokukhanya.
Ekhuluma ngamathangi okuhlola, kubalulekile ukuphawula iqiniso elilodwa elibalulekile. Umsebenzi wamayunithi wokuhlola kwakungekona ukulwa, kodwa kunalokho ukuthola ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nezenzo, indawo namandla esitha. Imodi ekahle yokusebenza yamabhomu okuqapha kwakuwukubuka okucashile, okunganakiwe nhlobo yisitha. Ngakho-ke, amathangi okuhlola kufanele abe mancane ukuze akwazi ukufihlwa kalula. Bathe isikhali esikhulu sezimoto ezihlola izimoto wumsakazo obenza bakwazi ukudlulisa ulwazi olubalulekile kubaphathi babo ngokushesha. Ukuvikelwa kwezikhali kanye nezikhali zazisetshenziselwa ukuzivikela, okukuvumela ukuba ubalekele esitheni futhi uhlukane naso. Kungani kube nomzamo wokwakha ithangi lokuhlola, nakuba izimoto ezihlomile zasetshenziselwa lokhu, ezazishesha kunezimoto ezilandelwayo? Kwakumayelana nekhono lokunqoba izimo ezingekho emgwaqeni. Ngezinye izikhathi kufanele ushiye umgwaqo futhi uwele - ngokusebenzisa amasimu, izimfunda, imisele emincane enemifudlana noma imisele yamanzi - dlula amaqembu ezitha ukuze usondele ngokucashile ngakolunye uhlangothi. Kungakho isidingo semoto elandelwa umkhondo saqashelwa. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-SdKfz 250/9 elandelwa uhhafu ngale njongo kube uhhafu ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezimoto ezilandelwayo ezifanele.
Amathangi okuhlola ukukhanya awazange abe nenhlanhla eJalimane. Ukuthuthuka kwabo kwaqala ngaphambi kweMpi Yezwe II. NgoJuni 18, 1938, uMnyango we-6 we-Wehrmacht Armament Directorate (Waffenprüfämter 6, Wa Prüf 6) wayala ukuthuthukiswa kwethangi elisha lokuhlola elisekelwe ku-PzKpfw II, elathola igama lokuhlola i-VK 9.01, i.e. inguqulo yokuqala yethangi lesi-9. -than tank. Bekudingeka isivinini esingu-60 km/h. I-prototype yayizokwakhiwa ekupheleni kuka-1939, futhi iqoqo lezimoto ezingama-75 ngo-Okthoba 1940. Ngemva kokuhlolwa, ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi kwakuzoqala.
I-chassis yasungulwa ngu-MAN kanye ne-underbody superstructure ngu-Daimler-Benz. Ukushayela ithangi, kwanqunywa ukusebenzisa injini encane kancane kunaleyo esetshenziswe ku-PzKpfw II, kodwa ngamandla afanayo. KwakuyiMaybach HL 45P (uhlamvu P lwalumele iPanzermotor, okungukuthi injini yethangi, ngoba nayo yayinenguqulo yemoto, i-HL 45Z. Umthamo wenjini wawungu-4,678 cm3 (l) uma kuqhathaniswa no-6,234 l wesisekelo PzKpfw II - HL. Injini engu-62TR Nokho, ikhiqize amandla angu-140 hp, kodwa abasebenzi babemi ngendlela ehlukile. I-turret eyodwa Umzimba wawunomumo ongunxande onezivikelo ezingaphambili ezingu-3800-mm kanye nezivikelo ezisemaceleni ezingu-62-mm, futhi umshayeli no-opharetha womsakazo ngamunye bathole umbono owodwa wangaphambili kanye nombono owodwa oncishisiwe oseceleni ngaphambili kwe-fuselage. kanye nesibhamu somshini we-2600-mm MG 45 ohlangothini lwesokudla lwesibhamu) sinesimo esishintshile eziningana futhi, ngenxa yamandla amakhulu, salahlekelwa ama-visors aseceleni, kodwa sathola i-cupola yomkhuzi ene-periscopes ezungezile. Ukuhlomisa imoto ngesibhamu se-anti-tank EW 6 30 mm nakho bekucatshangelwa, kodwa ekugcineni yasala nesibhamu esingu-15 mm. Lesi sikhali sifakwe i-TZF 38 optical sight enenkambu yokubuka engu-20o kanye nokukhuliswa okungaphezulu kancane kune-TZF 34 kusukela ku-PzKpfw II evamile - 7,92x uma kuqhathaniswa no-141x. Inkinga ebalulekile kwakuwukusetshenziswa (noma kunalokho, umzamo wokusebenzisa) ukuzinzisa kwezikhali nezinto ezibonwayo endizeni eqondile; kwakuhloswe ukuba kwandiswe ukunemba kokudubula ngenkathi inyakaza, ngoba kwakunenkolelo yokuthi uma kwenzeka imoto yokuhlola izidubula yona ngesikhathi izama ukugqashula esitheni, lokhu kungabaluleka.
