I-British Strategic Aviation kuze kube ngu-1945 ingxenye yesi-1
Inguqulo yokuqala yokukhiqiza yaseWellington - Mk IA. Lawa mabhomu aphucwa izindawo zokudubula emoyeni, ezasetshenziswa ngonya abashayeli bezindiza baseJalimane phakathi nezinja ngasekupheleni kuka-1939.
Ukwakhiwa kwezindiza zamasu zaseBrithani kwakuholwa imibono yokuvelela yokuxazulula ukungqubuzana ngokuzimela kanye nokuqeda ukuqina kwempi yemisele. IMpi Yezwe Yokuqala ayizange ivumele le mibono enesibindi ukuba ihlolwe, ngakho-ke eminyakeni yezimpi kanye nezingxabano zezwe ezilandelayo, ababoni kanye "nama-barons" bezindiza zamasu bazama njalo ukufakazela ukuthi bayisikhali esiholayo esinamandla okuguqula. I-athikili iveza umlando wale misebenzi yokuvelela.
Phakathi neMpi Yezwe I, ukusebenza emoyeni kwaba uhlobo olusha lwempi. Kwadlula iminyaka engaphezudlwana kweshumi kusukela ekundizeni kokuqala okuyimpumelelo kwezelamani zakwaWright kuya ekuqaleni kwempi, futhi eminyakeni emithathu kusukela esikhathini sokuqhuma kwamabhomu kokuqala koMbutho Wasemoyeni Wase-Italy phakathi nempi yase-Italo-Turkish ngo-1911. Kwaba sobala ukuthi izindiza, ezinokwehlukahlukana okukhulu nokuguquguquka okunjalo, kwakufanele zibe nentshisekelo kumathiyori nababonisi bemibono, cishe kusukela ekuqaleni benza izinhlelo ezinesibindi ngokwedlulele - kanye nebutho ngokwalo, elalilindele kancane kancane ezindizeni kanye namaphayona asemoyeni. Kodwa ake siqale kusukela ekuqaleni.
IMpi Yezwe I: imithombo kanye nemvelaphi yemfundiso
Ukuqhuma kokuqala kwe-RAF, okuyiRoyal Naval Air Service, kwenzeka ngo-Okthoba 8, 1914, lapho izimoto ezisuka e-Antwerp ziqhumisa ngempumelelo ama-hangars ezindiza zaseJalimane e-Düsseldorf ngamabhomu e-Hales angamakhilogremu angu-20. Kungacatshangwa ukuthi lezi kwakuyimisebenzi yokuqala ye-air yamasu, ngoba yayingahlosiwe emasosheni enkundleni yempi, kodwa ukuze idlulisele impi enhliziyweni yensimu yesitha. Kwakungekho amabhomu aqinile ngaleso sikhathi - uhlobo lwendiza lwalunqunywa indlela yokufaka isicelo, hhayi ngemishini; amabhomu ajikijelwa ngesandla futhi "ngeso", njengoba bekungekho okubukwayo kwamabhomu. Noma kunjalo, kulesi sigaba sokuqala sokuthuthukiswa kwezindiza zezempi, izakhamuzi zathola ukunambitheka kweziteleka zomoya, futhi nakuba izindiza zaseJalimane nezindiza, ezazivela ngezikhathi ezithile eNgilandi kusukela ngoJanuwari 1915, azizange zibangele umonakalo omkhulu wezinto ezibonakalayo, umphumela wokuziphatha. wawumkhulu futhi ungenakuqhathaniswa nomonakalo odalwe. Nokho, ukusabela okunjalo akumangalisi. Ukuwa emoyeni, okukwazi ukumangaza umuntu ngisho esembhedeni wakhe obonakala uphephile, kwakuyinto entsha ngokuphelele emphakathini owakhuliswa ngomoya wempi yabanumzane; umphumela wabhebhethekiswa ukungahleleki okuphelele kwezenzakalo ezinjalo - noma ubani, ngisho nenkosi, angaba yisisulu sokugasela, kanye nokungasebenzi kwasekuqaleni kwezinyathelo zokuzivikela. Ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo ka-1917, izindiza zamabhomu zaseJalimane zaqala ukubonakala emini ngisho naseLondon ngokwayo, futhi imizamo yabavikeli ekuqaleni yayize - isibonelo, ngo-June 13, 1917, ixosha ukuhlasela kwe-air of 21 Gotha. amabhomu, angu-14 kuwo ayebheke enhloko-dolobha, athatha izindiza ezingu-92 ezingaphumelelanga 1. Umphakathi wawukhathazeke kakhulu, futhi iziphathimandla zaseBrithani kwadingeka ziphendule. Ibutho lezokuvikela lahlelwa kabusha futhi laqiniswa, kwaphoqa amaJalimane ukuba ahlasele emoyeni ebusuku, futhi kwanikezwa umsebenzi wokwakha ibutho lawo lomoya lesimo esifanayo ukuze ligadle endaweni yezimboni zaseJalimane; Inhloso yokuziphindiselela nayo yaba neqhaza elikhulu lapha.
Konke lokhu kufanele ukuthi kwathatha umcabango; AbaseBrithani bazibonela ukuthi le ndlela entsha yempi yayinamandla amakhulu - ngisho nohambo oluncane lwamabhomu noma izindiza ezihamba eyedwa zezindiza zezindiza kwaholela esimemezelweni sokuhlasela kwezindiza, ukumiswa komsebenzi emafekthri, ukukhathazeka okukhulu kwabantu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi izinto ezibonakalayo. ukulahlekelwa. Okwenezela kulokhu kwaba isifiso sokunqamula umshikashika eMpini Yomsele, eyayiyintsha futhi ishaqisa; baqiniswa wukuswela amandla kwabaphathi bamabutho aphansi, okwathi cishe iminyaka emithathu bengakwazi ukuguqula isimo salo mzabalazo. I-Air Force, njengokungathi, inikeze enye indlela yokuguquguquka kulesi simo - ukunqoba isitha hhayi ngokuqeda "amandla" akhe, kodwa ngokusebenzisa isizinda sezimboni esikhiqiza futhi simnikeze izindlela zokulwa. Ukuhlaziywa kwalo mqondo kwembule enye into engenakugwenywa ehambisana nokusebenza komoya ngamasu - udaba lokwesabeka emoyeni kanye nomthelela wako ekuziphatheni kwezakhamizi, ezisebenze ngokuzinikela okuphelele nangokwanda kwemisebenzi ezweni lakubo ukuvumela amasosha ukuthi aqhubeke nokulwa imigqa yangaphambili. Nakuba ngokusemthethweni izinhlangothi zombili zokungqubuzana zazihlala zisho ukuthi izinhloso zokusebenza kwazo emoyeni phezu kwezwe lesitha kwakungamasosha kuphela, empeleni wonke umuntu wayazi ngomthelela wokuqhuma kwamabhomu ekuziphatheni komphakathi.
