Ukudluliswa okwenziwa ngesandla - i-gearbox eyirobhothi
Okuqukethwe
Ibhokisi lerobhothi "lingumlandeli" we "mechanics" ohlolwe isikhathi. Ingqikithi yomsebenzi wakhe wukukhulula umshayeli ekushintsheni amagiya angashintshi. Ku-transmission manual, lokhu kwenziwa "irobhothi" - iyunithi ekhethekile yokulawula i-microprocessor.
Iyunithi yerobhothi ihlelwe kalula nje: iyi-standard manual transmission (ibhokisi lezandla), ama-clutch kanye nama-shift systems, kanye ne-microprocessor yesimanje kanye nezinzwa eziningana. Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukudluliswa kwezandla kuwukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo, noma kunjalo, ngokusho kwesimiso sokusebenza kanye nedivayisi evamile, ukudluliselwa kwe-robotic kuseduze "komshini" kunokuthi "okuzenzakalelayo". Nakuba kukhona ukufana okwakhayo ne-automatic transmission - lokhu wukuba khona kwe-clutch ebhokisini ngokwalo, hhayi ku-flywheel. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amamodeli wakamuva wezimoto nge-manuwali transmission ifakwe ama-clutch amabili ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Izingxenye eziyinhloko zokudlulisa ngesandla
Amabhokisi amarobhothi okuqala aqala ukufakwa ezimotweni ngawo-1990. Eqinisweni, "amarobhothi" anjalo ayengama-transmission ajwayelekile, amagiya kuphela kanye ne-clutch kuwo ashintshwa ngamadrayivu we-hydraulic noma kagesi. Amayunithi anjalo afakwe ezimotweni zama-automaker amaningi futhi ayeyindlela eshibhile "emshinini" obiza kakhulu. "Amarobhothi" anjalo ane-clutch disc eyodwa futhi ayevame ukusebenza ngokubambezeleka kweshifu, yingakho imoto inyakaza ngendlela "emahhadlahhadla", kwakunzima ukuqeda ukudlula futhi ingahlangani neze nomfudlana. Embonini yesimanje yezimoto, i-single-disk manual transmissions ayisetshenziswa.
Namuhla, abakhiqizi bezimoto emhlabeni jikelele basebenzisa isizukulwane sesibili sama-gearbox e-robotic - okuthiwa ama-gearbox e-DSG anama-clutch amabili (Direct Shift Gearbox). Imininingwane yokusebenza kwebhokisi lerobhothi le-DSG ukuthi ngenkathi igiya elilodwa lisebenza, elilandelayo selivele likulungele ngokuphelele ukushintshwa. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-DSG manual transmission isebenza ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, ngisho nomshayeli oqeqeshiwe ngeke akwazi ukushintsha amagiya ngokushesha okungaka “kuomakhenikha”. Ngokusho kwabahlaziyi bemakethe, esikhathini esizayo, i-clutch pedal yokulawula imoto izoshabalala, njengoba kulula futhi kulula ukulawula imoto ngemizamo yerobhothi.
I-gearbox yerobhothi ene-DSG nayo ihlanganiswe ngokomgomo wemishini, kodwa ifakwe ama-drive shafts (izinduku), hhayi eyodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi shafts zimunye komunye. Induku yangaphandle ingenalutho, i-shaft eyinhloko ifakwe kuyo. Ngamunye wabo kukhona amagiya amadrayivu ahlukene:
- ngaphandle - amagiya okushayela kwegiya lesi-2, lesi-4 nelesi-6;
- ngaphakathi - amagiya okushayela kwe-1st, 3rd, 5th kanye namagiya ahlehlayo.
I-shaft ngayinye ye-"robot" ye-DSG ifakwe i-clutch yayo. Ukuze unike amandla / ukhubaze i-clutch, futhi uhambise ama-synchronizers ebhokisini, ama-actuator asetshenziswa - i-clutch kanye nohlelo lokushintsha igiya. Ngokwesakhiwo, i-actuator iyinjini kagesi eno-gearbox. Amanye amamodeli ezimoto afakwe i-hydraulic actuator ngesimo se-hydraulic cylinder.
I-node eyinhloko yokudlulisa ngesandla nge-DSG iyunithi yokulawula i-microprocessor. Izinzwa ezivela enjini kanye nezinhlelo zokuphepha ezisebenzayo ze-elekthronikhi zixhunywe kuyo: ABS, ESP nabanye. Ukuze kube lula ukunakekelwa, iyunithi ye-microprocessor itholakala esimweni sekhompyutha esebhodini. Idatha evela kuzinzwa ithunyelwa ngokushesha ku-microprocessor, "ethatha isinqumo" ngokuzenzakalelayo ku-up/downshift.
Izinzuzo ze "robot"
Abanye abashayeli, sebekhathele ukulokhu beshintsha amagiya ezimotweni ezishintshwayo, bafuna ukuthenga imoto eshintshwayo. Kodwa lena inguqulo ebiza kakhulu. Ukuze uqhathanise: amamodeli ethulwe ku-showroom ye-Favorit Motors eneyunithi efanayo yamandla angakhethwa kokubili ngebhokisi lamagiya "emishini" kanye "okuzenzakalelayo", kodwa izindleko zabo zizohluka kakhulu. Imoto ene-othomathikhi izobiza kakhulu kune-"mechanics" ngama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-70-100 noma ngaphezulu, kuye ngokuthi ukwakhiwa kanye nemodeli yemoto.
Ezimweni ezinjalo, imoto ene-DSG transmission manual ingaba isixazululo esifanelekayo: lolu uhlobo lwenguqulo "yesabelomali" yokudlulisa okuzenzakalelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, "irobhothi" elinjalo ligcina zonke izinzuzo zokudluliswa kwezandla:
- ukonga ekusetshenzisweni kukaphethiloli;
- lula ukugcinwa nokulungiswa;
- ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu ngisho nange-torque ephezulu.
Imininingwane yomsebenzi we-RKPP
Uma uqala ku-transmission manual, njengaku-transmission manual, kubalulekile ukuhlanganisa kahle i-clutch. Umshayeli udinga kuphela ukucindezela i-lever yokushintsha, bese kuba irobhothi kuphela elizosebenza. Iqondiswa isiginali etholwe ku-actuator, i-microprocessor iqala ukuzungeza ibhokisi legiya, ngenxa yalokho i-clutch yokuqala icushwe ku-shaft eyinhloko (yangaphakathi) yebhokisi lemoto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba ikhula ngesivinini, i-actuator ivimba igiya lokuqala futhi ishayela igiya elilandelayo ku-shaft yangaphandle - igiya lesibili lifakiwe. Njalo njalo.
Ochwepheshe beFavorit Motors Group of Companies bayaqaphela ukuthi namuhla, abakhiqizi bezimoto abaningi abakhulu, njengoba kwenziwa amaphrojekthi amasha, baletha ukuthuthukiswa nokusebenza kwabo ekusebenzeni kokudluliswa kwezandla. Ama-gearbox e-Robotic anesivinini esikhulu sokushintsha kanye nentuthuko emisha manje afakiwe ezimotweni zemikhiqizo eminingi. Isibonelo, iFavorit Motors inezimoto zakwaFord Fiesta ezifakwe kokubili u-gearbox ojwayelekile oshintshwayo kanye nerobhothi elinamagiya ayisi-6.
Izici zegearbox gearbox weDSG
Ama-clutch amabili azimele asiza ukugwema ama-jerks kanye nokubambezeleka ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-"robot", ukuthuthukisa izici ezishukumisayo zemoto futhi unikeze ukushayela okunethezekile. Ngenxa yokuba khona kwe-dual clutch, igiya elilandelayo liyangena ngesikhathi igiya langaphambili lisabambene, okwenza ukushintshela kulo kube bushelelezi futhi likwazi ukudonsa ngokugcwele, liphinde longe uphethiloli. I-clutch yokuqala ihlanganisa ngisho namagiya, kanti eyesibili - eyinqaba.
Amayunithi amarobhothi akhethekile avele ngeminyaka yawo-1980s, kodwa abe esesetshenziswa kuphela ezimotweni zomjaho kanye ne-rally Peugeot, Audi, Porsche. Futhi namuhla, i-robotic DSG dual-clutch transmission empeleni iwukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo okufanelekile okusetshenziswa ezimotweni ezikhiqizwe ngobuningi. "Irobhothi" eline-DSG linikeza ukusheshisa okuthe xaxa uma kuqhathaniswa nebhokisi "elizenzakalelayo" lendabuko, kanye nokusebenzisa uphethiloli ukonga (cishe u-10% uphethiloli osetshenzisiwe). Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi amagiya akulo “robhothi” angakwazi nokuwashintsha kusetshenziswa i-Tiptronic system noma i-steering column paddle.
"Amarobhothi" e-DSG anamagiya ayi-6 noma ayi-7. Baziwa nangamanye amagama ohwebo - S-tronic, PDK, SST, DSG, PSG (kuye ngokuthi umenzi wezimoto). Ibhokisi lokuqala le-DSG lavela ngo-2003 enanini lezimoto zeVolkswagen Group, linezinyathelo eziyisi-6. Kamuva, imiklamo efanayo yaqala ukusetshenziswa emigqeni cishe yawo wonke abakhiqizi bezimoto emhlabeni.
Ibhokisi le-DSG elinamagiya ayisithupha lisebenza kwi-clutch emanzi. Une-clutch block ecwiliswe endaweni yokupholisa enezinto ezishayisanayo. Ama-clutches ku-"robot" enjalo alawulwa ngamanzi. I-DSG 6 ine-high wear resistance, ifakwe ezimotweni ze-class D nangaphezulu.
I-"robot" ye-DSG enamagiya ayisikhombisa ihlukile "ku-six-speed" ngoba ine-clutch "eyomile", elawulwa yiphampu kagesi. Ibhokisi le-DSG 7 lidinga uketshezi oluncane kakhulu lokudlulisa futhi linyusa ukusebenza kahle kwenjini. Ukudluliswa okunjalo kwezandla kuvame ukufakwa ezimotweni zekilasi elincane neliphakathi (B no-C), injini ene-torque engaphezu kuka-250 Hm.
Izincomo zochwepheshe beFavorit Motors ekushayeleni imoto eshintshwayo
Ibhokisi lerobhothi le-DSG libonisa ukusebenza kahle ngokuhambisana nazo zombili izinjini ezinamandla namamotho wesabelomali. Ukufana phakathi kwe-robotic gearbox kanye ne-othomathikhi ye-gearbox kungaphandle kuphela, kodwa ngokomgomo wokusebenza kwe-manual transmission, lokhu kungukuqhubeka kwamasiko angcono kakhulu "emishini". Ngakho-ke, lapho ushayela imoto nge "robot", abaphathi besevisi yemoto ye-Favorit Motors batusa ukulandela imithetho ethile elula. Lokhu kuzokwenza kube nokwenzeka ukubambezeleka umsebenzi wokulungisa kudivayisi ngangokunokwenzeka futhi, ngokuvamile, ukunciphisa ukugqoka kwamanje kwezindlela.
- Kunconywa ukusheshisa kancane, ngaphandle kokucindezela i-gas pedal ngaphezu kwesigamu.
- Uma kukhona ukuphakama okude, ngakho-ke kuhle kakhulu ukushintsha ibhokisi kumodi ye-manual bese ukhetha igiya eliphansi.
- Uma kungenzeka, khetha izindlela zokushayela lapho i-clutch ikumodi yokungahlangani.
- Uma ume emarobhothini, kuyanconywa ukuthi ushintshele kokungathathi hlangothi esikhundleni sokubamba ibhuleki.
- Uma ushayela uzungeza idolobha ngezikhathi zejubane unezitobhi ezimfishane njalo, kuhle kakhulu ukuthi ushintshele kwimodi yezandla bese ushayela kuphela ngegiya lokuqala.
Abashayeli abangochwepheshe kanye nochwepheshe bezikhungo zesevisi bayeluleka ukusebenzisa lezi zincomo lapho ushayela imoto eshintshwayo ukuze kugcinwe ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside kwebhokisi ngokwalo kanye ne-clutch.
Ama-nuances emsebenzini we-RKPP
I-gearbox ye-robotic iwuhlobo olusha lomklamo, ngakho-ke, uma kwenzeka ukuphuka noma noma yikuphi ukushiyeka emsebenzini, umnikazi wemoto kufanele azi kahle ukuthi angaphendukela kuphi ukuze athole usizo lochwepheshe.
I-Favorit Motors Group of Companies yenza ukuxilonga ikhompuyutha kanye nokulungiswa okudingekayo kwebhokisi "lerobhothi" uma kwenzeka kuba namaphutha alandelayo ekulawuleni:
- lapho ushintsha amagiya, ama-jerks azwakala;
- lapho ushintshela egiyeni eliphansi, kuvela ukushaqeka;
- ukunyakaza kwenziwa ngokuhlelekile, kodwa inkomba yokungasebenzi kahle kwebhokisi ikhanyisa iphaneli.
Ochwepheshe abanekhono benza ukuxilongwa kwebhokisi le-robotic, izinzwa, ama-actuator, izintambo nezinye izakhi, ngemva kwalokho ziqeda amaphutha akhona ngesikhathi esifushane. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa imishini yakamuva yokuxilonga kanye namathuluzi anephrofayili emincane ukuze wenze noma yimuphi umsebenzi ngendlela efanele. Isilinganiso senani lentengo ku-Favorit Motors silungile, ngakho-ke abanikazi bezimoto ezihanjiswa ngesandla bangathembela ochwepheshe ngaphandle kokungabaza.
