I-Renault R35

Naphezu kokushiyeka kuka-R35 emkhankasweni wasePoland ka-1939, bangakwazi ukufaka isandla ekuzuzeni indawo, bakhulise amathuba okuphumelela ngokumelene nomhlukumezi waseJalimane.

Ukuqaliswa kohlelo lokukhulisa izikhali ngesisekelo semboni yasekhaya bekufanele kukhawulelwe kuphela emathangeni anezikhali ezincane futhi kungenziwa ngesivinini esincane kakhulu (...) singathola izimoto ezihlomile eziyisisekelo, amathangi anezivikelo eziwugqinsi. , kuphela Kwamanye amazwe, umbandela wawuwukuthola imali mboleko, ngoba. besingenayo imali yokuthenga ngokheshi. Kodwa-ke, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abalingani bethu bakhiqiza inqwaba yamathangi amahle futhi ashibhile kunawethu, futhi nakuba sathola imali mboleko ngokuthenga kwabo, ubunzima ekutholeni le mishini babubukhulu kangangokuthi ngaphambi kokuqala kwempi sathola kuphela. yena ngebutho elilodwa.

Yile ndlela u-Chief of the General Staff (GSh), uLieutenant General Vaclav Stakhevich, ayifingqa ngayo imizamo yasePoland yokuthola amathangi alula eFrance ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engu-XNUMX. Lesi sicaphuni, nakuba siwachaza kahle amaqiniso angaleso sikhathi, siwukwenza lula futhi asiwubonisi ngokugcwele umkhathi nobunzima ekuthathweni kwezinqumo obuhambisana nezikhulu zezisebenzi zasePoland engxenyeni yesibili yama-XNUMXs.

UGeneral Stakhevich ngo-Okthoba 21, 1936, emiyalweni yakhe echaza imisebenzi yokulwa yamathangi akhanyayo, wabonisa ukuxhumana phakathi kokuhlasela nebutho elihamba ngezinyawo njengokubaluleke kakhulu. Le mfuneko, eyenziwe kahle ngu-R35, empeleni yayigxile ekuguquleni ngokushesha isikhungo sokuhlasela kwayo ezingeni leqhinga futhi inikeze igalelo elinamandla lapho i-Npl. wabonakala ebuthakathaka. (...) Amathangi ayadingeka lapho ugqekeza ukuhlasela okungaphambili, kodwa i-flank yamaqhinga kufanele ibhekwe njengengxenye yokuhlasela okungaphambili.

Ukubamba iqhaza kwamathangi alula ekuzivikeleni ngokumelene namayunithi ahlomile esitha noma ukuphelezela amayunithi azo anemoto amancane kwashiwo kamuva yinhloko yesevisi yomngcele. Ukushintsha noma ukungeza imisebenzi emisha ethangini elikhanyayo lasePoland kuphoqe ukwethulwa kwamathangi e-7TP aphendulwe kanye ano-37 mm wz. 37. Lezi zimoto, nakuba zingaklanywanga ngalokhu engqondweni, zaba amathange omhlaba wonke ePoland. "Amathrekhi ayisikhombisa" asekhaya bekufanele asebenze kahle ekuvikeleni nasekuhlaseleni, abambe iqhaza ekuqhubeni ukusebenza futhi, ekugcineni, ekulweni nokulwa namathangi esitha. Noma kunjalo, ukunikeza ukusekelwa kwethangi kumasosha anobungane ngesikhathi sokuhlasela endaweni enezivikelo eziqinile kwahlala kuwumsebenzi obalulekile wethangi lokukhanya lasePoland. Ithangi lesiFulentshi i-R35 belifaneleka kangcono kulolu hlobo lomsebenzi.

Amathangi e-R35 alethwe ePoland ayependwe ngemibala ejwayelekile yamasosha aseFrance. Ngaphambi kodlame lwaseJalimane olubhekene ne-Poland, izimoto zasePoland zazingambozwanga i-tricolor camouflage ehlosiwe.

Ekuqaleni kuka-1939 kwakuyinkathi ematasa kakhulu mayelana nokuthengwa kwamathangi ePoland, futhi kwavumela ngisho nokuba nethemba elilinganiselwe ukuba kuthuthuke. Engxenyeni yokuqala ka-March, ikhomishana yasePoland yabona ePrague amamodeli amabili amathangi aphakathi ahlongozwa yizinkampani i-Českomoravská Kolben-Danek ne-Škoda. Zombili lezi zimoto zenze umbono omuhle kubamele bethu kangangokuthi umqondo wokuhlomisa ithangi eliphakathi nezikhali zasekhaya wavuselelwa okwesikhashana. Ngosuku lokugcina lukaMashi, umkhuzi wamabutho ahlomile wanikeza inhloko yonogada basemngceleni umbiko wokuvakashela amafekthri aseCzech, kanye nokuhlolwa okuhle kwezimoto ze-V8Hz ne-S-II-c (“Amathuba okuthenga amathangi phesheya”, No. 1776). Isihloko sasibukeka sithembisa, ngoba, njenge-brig. UStanislav Kozitsky - Iziphathimandla zaseCzech zizovuma ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto ezinelayisensi eMfuleni iVistula. Ulwazi oluvela ezingxoxweni ezinhle zezohwebo, isimemezelo sokuhlolwa kwasekhaya kwezimoto, kanye nezinsuku zokulethwa ezinqunywe kusengaphambili zamathangi aphakathi nendawo ngokuqinisekile kube nomthelela emcabangweni. Inkinga ukuthi ngakusasa ngemva kokuphela kwezingxoxo, i-Wehrmacht yangena ePrague. UGeneral Kozitsky uthe ngenxa yalesi simo esishintshile, ukuqhubeka okungenzeka kwezingxoxo kufanele kwenziwe yi-attaché yezempi yasePoland eBerlin. Ukwenza izinkulumo ezinjalo phambi kwenhloko ye-Border Guard kwakuwukubonakaliswa kwesibindi esikhulu noma ukuntula ukuqonda isimo samanje. Imizamo yokuthenga izimoto ze-V8Hz ngenkampani yase-Switzerland i-A. Saurer noma i-Swedish Landswerk ingase izwakale inengqondo. Zombili lezi zakhiwo zazaziwa kakhulu iziphathimandla zezempi zasePoland futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, zazinamalayisensi afanele, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi kuqhubeke izingxoxo nokugcwalisa umyalo wasePoland.

Empeleni, okuwukuphela kwamathangi atholakalayo kwakungu-R35 noma i-D2 yesiFulentshi, nakuba lawa ayengashiseki kakhulu phakathi kwamasosha asePoland. Iziqinisekiso ezitholwe entwasahlobo kubasebenzi mayelana nokukhathazeka mayelana nokwenzeka kokuhlinzeka ngamathangi e-Somua S35 ngamaqoqo amayunithi amahlanu ngenyanga noma amathangi e-FCM 36 awazange athole ukuqhuma okuncane ngesikhathi sezingxoxo ezinzima namasosha aseSeine. Inguqulo yesiFulentshi ivuselela ngokushesha, kakade phakathi no-April, lapho izimpi zamathangi ayisithupha ezibiza cishe ama-zloty ayizigidi ezingu-50-70, ezinezinombolo zezimoto ezingu-300, zivela ngokwandayo. Nokho-ke lokhu kusalindile, njengoba udaba lokuthola imali ebolekiwe luvela phambili. Inani elisele emalini ebolekiwe eya eRambouillet livumele ukuthengwa kwebutho elilodwa kuphela lamathangi. NgoMeyi, amathangi aphezulu ohlwini lwezidingo zozakwabo wasempumalanga yeRiphabhulikhi. Ngomhla zingama-26 kuNhlaba, inxusa lase-Poland e-Paris licela ikomkhulu lase-Warsaw ukuthi lisho ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwethangi, i-R35 noma i-H35, elinentshisekelo enkulu kuButho Lezempi LasePoland nokuthi izingxoxo kufanele yini kuxoxiswene nazo namaFulentshi kuzo zombili izinhlobo zemoto elandelelwa kalula. Maphakathi noJuni, uColonel Fida washayela ucingo eWarsaw: UJenene uGamelin waqinisekisa ukuthi usekulungele ukunikeza ibutho lamathangi e-R35 nama-H35 ambalwa. Ngizothumela umbiko nge-courier.

Ngalo lolo suku, inhloko yoMnyango Wezokuphathwa Kwezempi kanye nePhini LikaNgqongqoshe Wezindaba Zezempi wama-60, uBrig. U-Mieczysław Maciejowski uncoma ukuthi kuthengwe inqwaba yamathangi, okungenzeka ohlobo olufanayo (izimoto ezi-2) ezilethwa ngokushesha, okokusebenza okuphelele nesitoko. Okuwukuphela kwe-caveat ukuthi kungenzeka ukufanisa iziteshi zomsakazo zaseFrance neziteshi zomsakazo ezidlulisa futhi ezamukelayo zasePoland i-N1C ne-N1938S. Ukulindela, okwaziwa kusukela ku-3, ukulethwa okusheshayo kwezimoto zazo zombili izinhlobo ezweni ngemuva kokuthi i-platoon (amayunithi angu-XNUMX) iqaliswe kabusha ukuze kuqale ukuhlolwa kwensimu.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uColonel Fida waziswa ngokusuka eParis kwenye ikhomishini yasePoland, kulokhu eholwa uColonel Eugeniusz Wyrwinski. Ngemva kwenyanga, ngo-July 15, 1939, brig. UTadeusz Kossakowski uyalelwa ukuthi athathe izintambo zokuhola ochwepheshe bezempi basePoland asebevele basebenzela iSeine, umgomo wabo uwukuthola imishini yezempi.

Inguqulo entsha yemiyalo, elungiselelwe ngoJuni ngabaSebenzi Jikelele, ithi: Mayelana nemali mboleko yezinto ezibonakalayo esinikezwe yona ngenani lama-euro ayizigidi ezingu-430. ngendlela yokuhoxiswa kwempahla yezempi yibutho laseFrance - ngicela uhambo olusheshayo oluya eParis neKhomishini (...) Umsebenzi kaMnu General kuyoba ukuthola ngokuningiliziwe mayelana namathuba okulethwa kanye nezinsuku kanye nokulinganisa amanani maqondana nohlelo olulandelayo lokubaluleka kwemishini (...) I-General Staff ukuthola amathangi angama-300 ihlongoze amaFulentshi (afana neRenault, Hotchkiss kanye nebutho elilodwa laseSomois) ngendlela yezimpi ezihlelwe ngokugcwele (ezinemisila ). Cishe ingxenye yenani lemali mboleko entsha, okusho izigidi ezingama-210 zama-francs aseFrance, yayizosetshenziselwa ukuthenga amathangi nogandaganda bezikhali. Kanye nalezi zigameko ezibalwe ngenhla, iqoqo lokuqala lamathangi okukhanya akwaRenault R35 selisendleleni elibangise ePoland.

Emhlabathini wasePoland

Amazwi ka-brigadier general. U-Vaclav Stakhevich, nakuba ayeqinisile ngezindlela eziningi, akazange abonise ukungabaza nokuhlukana kwemibono mayelana namathangi e-R35 nezikhali zawo okwakukhona phakathi kwabaholi bezempi abaphezulu basePoland engxenyeni yesibili ye-71.926. Isinqumo sokuthenga imishini okukhulunywa ngayo eFrance sihlehlisiwe, nakuba ngokwengxenye sasisekelwa isifiso esingokomthetho sokuthola imishini ephezulu engenzeka ngesikweletu. Ekugcineni, ngemva kochungechunge lohambo nokuxoxisana nohlangothi lwaseFrance, kwasayinwa isivumelwano esifanele. Ngokusekelwe kulo, amathangi akhethiwe ukuze athengiswe. Ngenhlanhla, Ibutho lasePoland lathola izimoto ezintsha, kusukela ekukhiqizweni kwamanje kwemboni ye-Boulogne-Billancourt (i-oda 503 D / P) noma eyabelwe izinsiza ze-503rd tank regiment (503 régiment de chars de Combat, 3 RCC). Iningi lale mishini lacoshwa phakathi kukaMashi 15 noJuni 1939 XNUMX.

Zonke izimoto ezibheke ngase-Vistula zazine-APX-R turrets enama-episcopate, nakuba amaFulentshi ayevele enokuhlukile okunama-diascopes e-PPL RX 160 anomkhakha wokubuka obanzi kunezinguqulo zangaphambili zamathuluzi okubona. Esikhathini esisukela mhla ziyi-11 kuya kumhla ziyi-12 kuJulayi 1937, ibutho lamathangi alula angu-R35 elathengwa yiPoland, kanye “nomsila” wokuhlola osesimweni se-H35, lalayishwa emkhunjini wezimpahla wasePoland iLevant, owawuqashwe kumnikazi womkhumbi uZhegluga Polskaya. Ngosuku olulandelayo, ezokuthutha zathunyelwa ethekwini laseGdynia. Isenzo esiphuthumayo sokuthulula bekufanele sithwale zonke izimpawu zokuthuthuka, njengoba kufakazelwa umbhalo othi “Amazwi abucayi ekwehlisweni kwezimpahla ezithwala izikhali. kanye nemoto nezinhlamvu e-Gdynia kusukela emkhunjini "Levant" 15-17.VII.1939 "yamhla zingama-27 kuJulayi.

Uhlu luqala ngezinsolo zokuthi umyalelo wokuthi kuhambe izikhulu ezithunywe eWarsaw ukuyolanda ezokuthutha echwebeni ukhishwe sekwedlule isikhathi, owalungiswa ekuseni ngo-Agasti 14, kanti ukuthuthwa kwakumele kuqale ekuseni. ngosuku olulandelayo. Iphutha noma ukwengamela okwenziwe ekuqaleni kwabangela ukushesha ekulungiseni imibhalo yezokuthutha - isibonelo, sasingekho isikhathi sokunquma intela yokuthutha ekhethwayo evela ku-PKP yezokuthutha zekota. Kwakudingeka futhi ukuba kunqobe ubunzima okuhlangatshezwane nabo ekutholeni ukukhululwa ekukhokheni imisebenzi nasekukhetheni izinqola zikaloliwe (amapulatifomu) ngenxa yedatha enganele yokwakheka kwempahla efika ivela eDunkirk. Indawo yokuthulula ephawulwe ngokungafanele, okwathi, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwengqalasizinda eyanele, yaphoqelela ukusetshenziswa kwamakhreni emikhumbi yezandla yase-Levant, kunokuba ama-port cranes aqhele ngamamitha angama-300 ukusuka endaweni (ebeyingasebenzi ngesikhathi sonke sokuthulula), okwaqhubeka. yinkimbinkimbi yonke inqubo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuye kwadingeka ukuthi kuphushwe isitokwe sesitimela, ikakhulukazi izinqola zezinhlamvu (ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha) ngenxa yesitimela esihlanganiswe ngendlela engafanele. Izimoto azizange zinikezwe abantu abazimele ababemiswe esikhungweni samasosha asolwandle e-Oksovye, noma ngisho nemoto eyodwa yekhomishana yokugunyazwa, edingekayo ukuze isebenzisane namayunithi akude amasiko. Ukuze kuxazululwe le nkinga, kwasetshenziswa amabhasi namatekisi edolobha, okwandise kakhulu izindleko zokuthulula. Phakathi kwemibono ebhaliwe, kuphinde kwaboniswa ukuthi uphiko lwezokuphepha lwalungasebenzi ngendlela efanele, luvumela abantu bangaphandle abaningi ukuba bangene lapho kuthululwa khona izimpahla noma kubonakale kungenasidingo abasebenzi abahililekile kulolu hlelo.

Ekugcineni, kusukela echwebeni, izimoto zifika eWarsaw ngesitimela ngoJulayi 19, futhi lapha isimo sinzima kakhulu. Akwaziwa ukuthi isitimela esidlula enhlokodolobha sigcine siseMain Armored Warehouse, futhi uma kunjalo, ngabe amathangi ehlisiwe lapho? Umbhali uthambekele emcabangweni wokuthi lokhu akwenzekanga, ngoba ukulayishwa / ukulayishwa kwezimoto ezintsha kuzothatha isikhathi esiningi, futhi usuku lokufika kwesitimela eLutsk luyaziwa - ngobusuku bukaJulayi 21-22. Kungacatshangwa ukuthi amarekhodi adingekayo endaweni yokugcina e-st. I-Stalova 51 yaqedwa isikhathi esifushane, izimoto ezimakiwe kuphela zazingafakwa esitimeleni, zabe sezithunyelwa ngesitimela eLutsk, etholakala cishe ngamakhilomitha angama-400 eningizimu-mpumalanga. Kulapho kuphela okwakungenzeka khona inqubo yokuphatha efanele, ehlanganisa ukubeka amathangi ngamanye kumarekhodi ebutho, ukunikeza izinombolo zokubhalisa zasePoland, ukwethula imibhalo, njll. Ngisho nasesikhungweni samasosha okuhloswe ngaso, ama-R35 asebenza ngaphansi kwawo okuqala, i.e. Izinombolo zesiFulentshi. , ehlobo. Kufanele futhi kukhunjulwe ukuthi ingxenye yemikhumbi yezimoto zebutho yafika kanye namathangi, okuhlanganisa nezimoto ezincane ezinamasondo angaphandle komgwaqo i-Laffly 15VR.