Ukulungiswa kwama-accumulators amandla wezimoto ze-KamAZ

Imoto ye-KamAZ ine-dual-circuit pneumatic brake system eqinisekisa ukuphepha kwemoto kuzo zonke izindlela zokushayela. Uma ubhuleka (uma ucindezela i-pedal ye-brake), umoya ocindezelwe unikezwa ngokushesha kumabhuleki awo wonke amasondo. Ibhuleki lokupaka livimba amasondo kuphela kuma-asi amaphakathi nangemuva. Isici esiyinhloko sokusebenza kwebhuleki elicacisiwe yi-accumulator yamandla. Kukhona amadivaysi anjalo angu-4 ku-KamAZ: 1 ngesondo ngalinye le-bogie yangemuva.

Idivayisi

I-accumulator yasentwasahlobo ifakwe phezu kwekhava ye-brake chamber futhi isebenza ukugcina amandla entwasahlobo ecindezelweyo.

Izingxenye eziyinhloko zedivayisi yilezi:

• isilinda;
• isibhamu;
• umthombo wamandla;
• isiqalo;
• i-thrust bear;
• isikulufu sokukhulula esine-roller bear;
• i-bypass tube;
• izimpawu.

Ibhethri ixhunywe kwikhamera ngamabhowuthi, aqinisekisa ukuxhumana okuphephile futhi aqede ukudlala ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Ukuqina phakathi kwe-cylinder ne-brake chamber kuqinisekiswa ngokufaka indandatho yerabha evala uphawu. Inadi lesikulufu sokuvula lishiselwe phezulu kwendlu. Phansi kwe-cylinder kukhona ukufaka intambo lapho umugqa we-pneumatic uxhumeke khona.

I-pusher ye-tubular ishiselwe piston yensimbi enendandatho yokuvala yerabha. Isiphethu samandla ensimbi sitholakala ku-piston groove futhi sincike phezulu kwesilinda. I-pusher ine-thrust bear edlulisela amandla ku-rod ye-brake chamber ngolwelwesi.

Isikulufu sisetshenziselwa ukusetha kabusha mathupha esimweni sokuntuleka komoya ocindezelwe ohlelweni ngenxa yokwehluleka kwe-compressor noma isamukeli esinephutha. I-roller bear kanye nama-thrust 2 afakwa ngaphansi kwe-auger.

Imbobo etholakala ngenhla kwepiston ixhumana nomkhathi ngeshubhu lokudlula ngegumbi lamabhuleki. Umoya unikezwa ekamelweni ngaphansi kwepiston usuka kuvalvu yokulawula amabhuleki okupaka. Wonke ama-accumulators amandla ngesikhathi esisodwa abamba iqhaza ekuhlaziyweni komoya.

Amamodeli ahlukahlukene we-KamAZ amandla accumulators

I-KamAZ ikhiqiza ama-accumulators amandla kanye nama-brake chambers ngokusho kwesigaba sesilinganiso se-membrane yendawo kanye nendawo ye-piston ye-accumulator yamandla:

• 20/20
• 20/24
• 24/20
• 30/30

I-KAMAZ 65115 ifakwe imodeli ye-accumulator yamandla engu-6520 enentwasahlobo eqinisiwe yekilasi 30/24.

Uhlobo 5320 20/20 luvamile.

Ama-accumulators anjalo amandla ahlinzeka ngokuphepha, njengoba anesibopho sesistimu ye-brake ephuthumayo kanye neyokupaka, esebenza nenjini icishiwe futhi ngaphandle kokunikezwa komoya ocindezelwe njalo.

Ukuthi isebenza kanjani

Endaweni yokupaka, imoto ibanjwe yi-brake system yamasondo angemuva e-trolley, eqhutshwa yi-spring accumulators. I-crane enesibambo sokulawula amabhuleki okupaka itholakala kwesokudla sesihlalo somshayeli. Umgomo wokusebenza kwe-accumulator yamandla ulula futhi usekelwe kumphumela wamandla akhishwe yiziphethu zamandla ezintweni zokushayela zohlelo lwamabhuleki.

Lapho kufakwa ibhuleki lokupaka, umoya ocindezelwe engxenyeni engezansi ye-hydraulic accumulator cylinder udedelwa emkhathini. Intwasahlobo, iqondisa, ihambisa ipiston phansi. Kanye nayo, i-pusher iyanyakaza, edlulisela amandla ku-diaphragm kanye nenduku yegumbi lokubhuleka. Lesi sakamuva sizungeza i-axle nge-lever, izibhakela ezivulayo ezicindezela ama-brake pads ngokumelene nesigubhu, ngaleyo ndlela ivimbe amasondo e-bogie yangemuva yeloli.

Uma i-air brake reservoir noma isekethe ilimele, umoya osemugqeni ubalekela emkhathini. Intwasahlobo ekhishiwe ivula ibhuleki lokupaka futhi ivimbe amasondo. Ngemva kokukhulula (ukuvula) amasondo, ungaqhubeka nokushayela iloli.

Unganqamula kanjani

Ukuze ukhulule ibhuleki yokupaka, isibambo sokulawula kufanele sikhishwe ku-latch futhi sihanjiswe endaweni ephansi kakhulu. Umoya ocindezelwe olawulayo ngomugqa we-pneumatic ngevalvu evulekile ungena ku-throttle valve, eqala ukugeleza koketshezi olusebenzayo olusuka kumamukeli ngevalvu yokudlula iye endaweni engezansi ye-accumulator yamandla. I-piston iya phezulu futhi icindezela intwasahlobo. Ama-brake rods abuyela endaweni yawo yokuqala futhi akhulule ama-pads. Iloli selilungele ukuhamba.

Uma kungekho moya ohlelweni noma injini (i-compressor) ihluleka futhi imoto idinga ukudonswa, i-accumulator yamandla kufanele ikhishwe ngesandla. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa isikrufu sesokhethi ukuze uvule amabhawodi kumasilinda awo wonke amabhethri. Ngenxa yokuba khona kwe-thrust bear, amandla azodluliselwa ku-piston, okuthi, ukuhamba, kucindezele isiphethu samandla. Ngemva kokukhipha umthwalo, intwasahlobo yokubuya izohambisa i-diaphragm kanye nenduku enediski yokusekela endaweni ephezulu. Ama-brake pad actuators azosetha kabusha futhi avule amasondo.

Ngokuvamile ezindizeni kunezimo lapho kudingekile ukulungisa i-KamAZ amandla accumulator ngezandla zakho ensimini. Ukuklanywa kwedivayisi kukuvumela ukuba wenze lokhu. Kodwa-ke, kuzoba lula kakhulu ukufaka esikhundleni se-accumulator yamandla engalungile ngekhandwayo futhi uyilungise egaraji.

Indlela yokukhipha nokuhlakaza

Ukuze ulungise ibhethri elingasebenzi kahle, kufanele lisuswe endaweni yalo yangempela. Ukwenza lokhu, susa amapayipi omoya futhi ukhulule amantongomane angu-2 avikela idivayisi esisekelweni. I-Disassembly yenziwa kusetshenziswa ukhiye "webhaluni". Ukuze ususe umhlangano wenduku ye-brake chamber kanye ne-shoe drive, kuyadingeka ukukhulula futhi ususe i-gasket ye-conical esihlalweni.

Ngaphambi kokulungisa idivayisi, kuyadingeka ukususa ipayipi ye-bypass phakathi kwe-cylinder ne-brake chamber. Ukuqaqa iqala ngokukhipha phansi ikhamera. Inamathiselwe emzimbeni ongaphezulu nge-clamp. Ukuze usebenze ngokuphephile, i-accumulator yamandla ifakwa nesilinda phansi futhi igxilwe ku-vice. Ngemva kokuqaqa i-clamp, ngokuthepha kancane emzimbeni wekhamera, iyakhululwa esihlalweni sayo.

Lapho wenza le misebenzi, kufanele kuqashelwe, ngoba ngaphansi kwesenzo sentwasahlobo yokubuya i-cap "ingakwazi ukudubula".

Iphuzu elibuthakathaka le-brake chamber yi-membrane. I-elementi enesici kufanele ishintshwe.

Ngenxa yokumelana nokugqwala okuphansi kwe-cylinder body material, ama-cavities kanye nama-pittings akheka endaweni engaphakathi. Lokhu kwenziwa lula ukungena komswakama kanye nokungcola engilazini engxenyeni engenhla yokugcina amandla. Konke lokhu kuholela ekwephuleni kokuqina kwemigodi futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ekuhlulekeni kwayo yonke idivayisi. Ukuqeda isici, kuyadingeka ukufaka esikhundleni ingilazi yesilinda noma uzame ukupholisa indawo yangaphakathi. Futhi lokhu kuholela ekuhlakazweni okuphelele kwe-cylinder.

Ukuze ukhiphe ingxenye engenhla yebhethri kukhava yekhamera, kuyadingeka ukuqaqa izikulufo ze-M8 ezitholakala eduze komjikelezo wekesi. Ama-bolts angu-2 asele ngeke avumele ikhava ukuthi "ivale" intwasahlobo. Sebenzisa i-clamp noma cindezela ukuze ucindezele intwasahlobo futhi ukhulule ezinye izibophelelo. Ochwepheshe abathintekayo ekulungiseni okunjalo bakhetha ngokusemthethweni i-lathe.

Umgqomo unamathiselwe ku-cartridge futhi isiphethu sicindezelwa yikhanda. Ngemva kokukhulula amabhawodi asele nesiqu sidangele ngokugcwele, aqala ukuhlehla kancane kancane. Zonke izakhi zokuvala zathathelwa indawo ezintsha ezisuka kukhithi yokulungisa. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-cylinder kwenziwa ngokulandelana okuphambene. Idivaysi ekhandiwe ibhekwa endaweni yokumisa ngomoya ocindezelweyo. Ukufakwa kwe-accumulator yamandla endaweni evamile kwenziwa ngemva kokuthola imiphumela yokuhlolwa emihle.

Ungayiqaqa kanjani i-accumulator yamandla we-KamAZ ngaphandle kokuma

Indlela elula kakhulu yokuqaqa i-KamAZ spring energy accumulator ukusebenzisa ubakaki okhethekile. Ivamise ukusetshenziswa eziteshini zesevisi nasezitolo zokulungisa, kodwa kuthiwani uma ukuwohloka kwenzeka kude nabo? Ungakwenza ngaphandle kokusekelwa.

Okokuqala udinga ukususa ama-hoses emoyeni futhi unqamule i-accumulator yamandla ekamelweni le-pneumatic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yonke inqubo kufanele yenziwe ngokulandelana okuqinile. Thola amavidiyo nezithombe ezibonisa ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi ungaqaqa kanjani kungatholakala mahhala ku-inthanethi.

Kudingekile ukuthi ukhulule i-pusher, ususe indandatho yokuvala, bese, ukhulula kancane isikulufa se-cylinder, unqamule i-flange. Faka isilinda endaweni, susa indandatho yokugcina. Phumula ngokugcwele intwasahlobo, ukhulule i-piston, uyisuse kanye ne-spring-cylinder. Khipha indandatho ye-piston guide, khulula isikulufu sesilinda, susa iwasha yokuvala uphawu.

Umhlangano wenziwa ngokulandelana okuphambene, izingxenye lapho ukungqubuzana okwenziwa khona kufanele zigcotshwe.

Amaphutha nokulungiswa kwe-accumulator yamandla

Ukugcinwa kwamandla kudlala indima ebalulekile ekufakweni kwamabhuleki womoya. Okuvame kakhulu ukungasebenzi kahle yi-system depressurization. Amapayipi omoya kufanele ahlolwe ukuthi awavuzi yini. Indawo okungenzeka kakhulu yokuwohloka okunjalo ukuxhumeka kwamapayipi namapayipi, okufanele kunakwe kakhulu lapho kuhlolwa. Uma inkinga yenzeka lapho kuhlangana khona ipayipi, bese isuswa ngokucindezela i-hose; uma i-hose idlula umoya, kufanele ishintshwe.

Isizathu esivamile sokusebenza kabi kwamabhuleki ukulimala kwendlu yokugcina amandla: ingase ibe ne-dent noma i-corrosion, njengoba insimbi yendlu ingamelani nokugqoka. Amasilinda aqala ukuvumela umoya ukuba udlule, okuholela ekucindezelekeni kwalo lonke uhlelo. Kulokhu, ingilazi yesilinda kufanele ishintshwe.

Ku-inthanethi, ungathola kalula amavidiyo abonisa isinyathelo ngesinyathelo inqubo yokuqaqa nokuqaqa i-accumulator yamandla, kanye nokuxazulula izinkinga ezithile.

Kungakanani

Intengo yezimpahla incike ekuguqulweni, umkhiqizi kanye nesifunda ezithengwayo. Idivayisi yamandla ebuyiselwe ebhizinisini lohlobo lwe-KamAZ 20/20 ezindaweni ezimaphakathi neRussia ingathengwa ngama-ruble ayi-1500-1800. Imodeli entsha efanayo ibiza kusuka kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezi-4 kuye kwezi-6. Intengo yemishini enamandla kakhulu, efana ne-30/30, isukela kuma-ruble ayi-10 kuye kwangama-13,5 ayizinkulungwane. Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi izindleko zekhithi yokulungisa zingama-ruble angu-300, kunengqondo ukubuyisela amadivayisi angalungile.