Ibhande lesikhathi noma iketanga. Yini esebenza kahle kakhulu?
Ingabe kufanelekile ukufuna imoto ngokusebenzisa i-prism yohlobo lwe-timing drive? Mhlawumbe akunjalo, kodwa ngemva kokuthenga kungcono ukuthola ukuthi ibhande noma iketanga lisebenza lapho.
Ukushayela isikhathi kuyisihloko esishisayo kumamodeli amaningi ezimoto izinjini zawo ezine-camshaft engaphezulu noma ama-camshaft. Iketango elide noma ibhande lesikhathi eliguquguqukayo ngokuvamile lisetshenziselwa ukudlulisa amandla kuma-camshaft asuka ku-crankshaft ekude. Yilapho izinkinga ziqala khona. Amabhande esikhathi angase aphuke ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngenxa yokuguga ngokweqile noma angase aphuke ngenxa yokwehluleka kwezinye izingxenye. Amaketanga esikhathi angakwazi ukwelula futhi "agxume" kumagiya, ngenxa yezinga eliphansi lezixhumanisi zensimbi, noma ngenxa yokuguga okusheshayo noma ukwehluleka kwamabhlogo ashelelayo eketango njengama-tensioner namamuffler.
Kunoma yikuphi, umonakalo omkhulu wemoto ungenzeka uma idrayivu iyinto ebizwa ngokuthi "i-slip-on" design. Lokhu "kushayisana" kungenzeka ukuthi ama-piston ashayisane nama-valve lapho ukujikeleza kwe-crankshaft kungavumelaniswa kahle nokujikeleza kwe-camshaft noma ama-camshafts. Ibhande eligijimayo noma iketango lixhuma i-crankshaft ku-camshaft noma ama-camshaft, okuqinisekisa ukuthi lezi zakhi zivumelaniswa kahle. Uma ibhande liphuka noma i-timing chain "igxuma" kumagiya, ungakhohlwa mayelana nokuvumelanisa, ama-pistons ahlangana nama-valve futhi injini "idilizwa".
Ubukhulu bomonakalo buncike kakhulu esivinini senjini lapho ibhande noma iketanga lihlulekile khona. Yinkulu, isivinini lapho ukwehluleka kwenzeke khona. Okungcono kakhulu, agcina esenamavalvu agobile, okubi kakhulu, anekhanda le-cylinder elimele, imigqa ephukile noma enezimbobo, kanye nama-cylinder liners aklwetshiwe. Izindleko zokulungisa ikakhulukazi zincike kubukhulu be-"cataclysm" eye yadlula enjinini. Ezimweni ezingavamile, i-PLN 1000-2000 yanele, ezimweni eziningi "ezithuthukisiwe" le mali kufanele iphindwe ngo-4, 5 noma ngisho no-6 lapho sisebenzelana nemoto yezinga eliphezulu. Ngakho-ke, lapho uthenga, kufanelekile ukuthola ukuthi imoto oyithengayo ine "auto-collision" yenjini, futhi uma kunjalo, hlobo luni lokushayela isikhathi elisebenzisayo nokuthi lungabangela izinkinga. Kakade ekuhlolweni kokuqala, ungabuza ukuthi zikhona yini izinkinga ngedrayivu yesikhathi nokuthi ingakwazi yini ukumelana nebanga elinqunywe umenzi. Ezimotweni eziningi, ikakhulukazi lezo ezinamabhande esikhathi, izingxenye zesikhathi zidinga ukushintshwa ngokushesha kakhulu kunalokho okusikiselwa yincwadi yefekthri. Ungayinaki imfuneko enjalo, kungcono ukusebenzisa ama-zloty angamakhulu ambalwa ekushayeleni isikhathi esisha kunezinkulungwane ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuba ama-piston ahlangane nama-valve.
Abahleli batusa:
Izinhlawulo ezinyusiwe zabashayeli. Yini eshintshile?
Sihlola iveni yomndeni ekhangayo
Amakhamera esivinini ayeka ukusebenza. Kuthiwani ngezokuphepha?
Ngokuvamile, amabhande esikhathi angase abangele izinkinga. Iqembu elincane kuphela lezimoto elinamaketanga esikhathi angazinzile noma ama-sliding strips asebenzisana nawo, ukwehluleka okuholela "ekuxegisweni" kweketango. Ngakho-ke amabhande esikhathi asetshenziselwa ini? Ake sibuyele emlandweni. Izinjini zokuqala zezimoto ezinama-camshaft aphezulu zavela ekuqaleni kwawo-1910. Amayunithi amandla angaleso sikhathi ayemade ngenxa ye-piston stroke ende, ngakho-ke ibanga phakathi kwe-camshaft ne-crankshaft eyayingashayelwa lalilikhulu. Le nkinga yaxazululwa ngokusebenzisa okuthiwa "i-royal" shafts namagiya angular. I-"royal" camshaft drive yayinokwethenjelwa, inembile futhi ihlala isikhathi eside, kodwa inzima futhi ibiza kakhulu ukuyikhiqiza. Ngakho-ke, ngezidingo zezimoto ezidumile ezine-camshaft engaphezulu, zaqala ukusebenzisa iketanga elishibhile futhi elilula, futhi ama-shafts "asebukhosini" ayehloselwe izimoto zezemidlalo. Emuva ngo-XNUMX, amaketanga ku-timing drive ane-"top" shaft ayejwayelekile futhi ahlala enjalo cishe ikhulunyaka.
I-timing chain enamagiya ifihliwe ngaphakathi enjinini, ikwazi ukushayela izisetshenziswa zayo ezisizayo njengephampu kawoyela, iphampu epholile noma i-injection pump (izinjini zikadizili). Njengomthetho, inamandla futhi inokwethenjelwa, futhi ihlala isikhathi eside njengenjini yonke (kukhona, ngeshwa, okuhlukile). Kodwa-ke, ivamise ukunwebeka futhi idlidlize, ngakho-ke idinga ukusetshenziswa kwe-tensioner kanye nama-sliding strips adlala indima yokuqondisa nokuvikela umsindo. Iketango lomugqa owodwa (akuvamile ukubonwa namuhla) lingasebenza kuze kufike ku-100 km.
Umshini wemigqa emibili ungasebenza kahle ngisho namakhilomitha angama-400-500 ayizinkulungwane. Iketango elinamazinyo lihlala isikhathi eside nakakhulu futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo lithulile, kodwa libiza kakhulu kunamaketanga e-roller. Inzuzo enkulu yochungechunge lwezikhathi ukuthi luxwayisa umsebenzisi wemoto ngenkinga ezayo. Lapho i-chain igoqa kakhulu, iqala "ukugubha" ngokumelene nendlu yenjini, ukugoqana kwesici kwenzeka. Lokhu kuwuphawu lokuthi udinga ukuya egaraji. Iketango alihlali lisolwa, ngezinye izikhathi kuvela ukuthi i-tensioner noma ibha yokuslayida idinga ukushintshwa.
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Imboni yamakhemikhali, eyathuthuka kakhulu ngemva kwempi, isekelwe kuwoyela ongahluziwe oshibhile, yanikeza imboni, kuhlanganise nemboni yezimoto, amapulasitiki amaningi esimanjemanje. Babenezicelo eziningi kakhulu, ekugcineni nabo bathola indlela yokungena ohlelweni lwezikhathi. Ngo-1961, imoto yokuqala ekhiqizwe ngobuningi yavela nebhande elinwebekayo elinamazinyo elixhuma i-crankshaft necamshaft (Glas S 1004). Ngenxa yezinzuzo eziningi, isixazululo esisha saqala ukuzuza abalandeli abaningi. Kusukela ngeminyaka yama-XNUMXs, amabhande anamazinyo kumshini wegiya abelokhu ethandwa njengamaketanga. Ibhande lesikhathi, elenziwe nge-polyurethane, i-neoprene noma irabha ekhethekile futhi liqiniswe ngemicu ye-Kevlar, lilula kakhulu. Iphinde ihambe ithule kakhulu kuneketango. Ayidingi ukugcotshwa, ngakho ihlala ngaphandle kwendlu yemoto futhi ifinyeleleka kalula ngaphansi kwendlu ethafeni. Ingakwazi ukushayela izesekeli ezingaphezu kwesekhethi (kanye ne-alternator, i-A/C compressor). Nokho, ibhande kufanele livikelwe kahle ekungcoleni nasemafutheni. Futhi ayinikezi isexwayiso sokuthi ingase igqekeze ngokushesha.
Njengoba ubona, uchungechunge lwesikhathi luyisixazululo esingcono kakhulu nesiphephe kunazo zonke sesikhwama sakho semali. Kodwa-ke, kunzima ukumisa ukuthengwa kwemoto ngokuba khona kwayo kusuka ku-hood. Ungaphila ngebhande elinamazinyo ekushayeleni isikhathi, kodwa udinga ukuhlola njalo isimo sebhande futhi ulalele iseluleko sabakhenikha abanolwazi.