Ibhande lesikhathi - liyini futhi kungani

Ebhukwini leziqondiso zanoma iyiphi imoto, umenzi ubonisa imvamisa yokunakekelwa okuhleliwe kwemoto. Ngaphezu kokufaka uketshezi lobuchwepheshe nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo, umnikazi wemoto ngamunye kufanele anake ukushintshwa okuhleliwe kwebhande lesikhathi.

Cabangela ukuthi yimuphi umsebenzi ibhande lesikhathi elenza emotweni, lapho lidinga ukushintshwa, kwenzekani lapho liphuka nokuthi ungakhetha kanjani lesi sici ngendlela efanele.

Kungani kunebhande lesikhathi emotweni?

Injini evuthayo yangaphakathi esebenza ngemodi enemivimbo emine ifakwe umshini obaluleke kakhulu ovula amavalvu okudonsa nawokukhipha ngesikhathi esifanele. Banomthwalo wemfanelo wokuhlinzekwa kwengxenye entsha yengxube yamafutha omoya kanye nokususwa kwamagesi okukhipha umoya.

Ukuze ama-valve avuleke ngesikhathi lapho i-piston yesilinda esithile yenza ukushaywa kwe-intake kanye ne-exhaust, ukuvumelanisa kwe-camshaft ne-crankshaft kuyadingeka. Lokhu kuzovumela ama-valve ukuthi avuleke ngaso sonke isikhathi ngesikhathi esifanele, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ijubane le-crankshaft lingakanani.

Ukuze uvumelanise ukujikeleza kwe-crankshaft nama-camshafts, udinga isikhathi sebhande. Ngaphandle komshini wokusabalalisa igesi, injini enezintambo ezine ngeke isebenze, ngoba amasilinda angeke akwazi ukugcwalisa inani elidingekayo lengxube ye-air-fuel ngesikhathi esifanele, futhi amagesi okukhipha ngeke asuswe ngesikhathi.

Ngenxa yebhande lesikhathi, i-torque idluliselwa kusuka ku-crankshaft kuya ku-camshaft, ipompo futhi, kuye ngokuthi umklamo wenjini, uya kwezinye izinamathiselo (isibonelo, ku-generator).

Ungazi kanjani ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokushintsha ibhande

Njengoba amandla emishini edluliselwa ngebhande lesikhathi, futhi ijubane le-crankshaft livame ukuba phezulu, le element yemoto iyaguga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngokushesha noma kamuva, wonke umnikazi wemoto uzobhekana nesidingo sokushintsha ibhande lesikhathi.

Isikhawu sale nqubo sithonywa izici ezinjalo:

• Insiza yokusebenza;
• Ukwephulwa kwemithetho yokufaka nokulungisa;
• Ukuphuka kwezimoto;
• Ukusebenza okungalungile kwemoto, isibonelo, uma uvame ukuqala injini kusuka ku-pusher noma ukudonsa futhi wenze amaphutha kule nqubo.

Ngokuvamile, ibhande lishintshwa ngemva kwesikhathi esithile noma uma kukhona ukungasebenzi kahle kweyunithi yamandla. 

Idigri yokugqoka

Noma iyiphi ingxenye engaphansi kokucindezeleka komshini nakanjani izoguga ngakho-ke idinga ukushintshwa. Okufanayo kuya ngebhande lesikhathi. Ukuguga kwayo kuphela okusheshiswa ukuphuka kwemoto noma ukusebenza okungafanele kwemoto.

Uma sikhuluma ngokungasebenzi kahle kwenjini, khona-ke umphetho we-tension bearings, ukwephulwa kwezinga lokungezwani (ibhande eliqinile lizoshelela, futhi eliqinisiwe lizothola umthwalo owandayo) nezinye izici.

Ngezinye izikhathi umshayeli ngokwakhe angabangela ukuguga kwebhande ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Njengoba sekushiwo, uma imoto ingaqali ngokwayo, abanye abashayeli abazami ukulungisa le nkinga ngokushesha, kodwa baqhubeke nokuhlukumeza imoto ngokuqala ku-pusher noma ukudonsa. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngokuphuma okusheshayo noma ibhethri elibuthakathaka.

Ibanga lemoto

Ukuze uvimbele ikhefu lebhande lesikhathi, abakhiqizi bezimoto bakhombisa ukuthi yisiphi isikhawu esidingekayo ukushintsha lesi sici, noma ngabe sibukeka siqinile ngaphandle. Isizathu siwukuthi ngenxa yokuba khona kwama-microcracks, ingxenye izoguga ngokushesha.

Uma umshayeli enganaki isimiso sokushintsha ibhande esibekwe umenzi, khona-ke ngesikhathi esingafaneleki uzobhekana nesidingo sokulungisa indlela yokusabalalisa igesi ngenxa yebhande eliphukile. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, umnikazi wemoto kuzodingeka asebenzise imali ekulungisweni okukhulu kwe-motor (ezinye izinhlobo ze-pistons zishaya ama-valve lapho ibhande liphuka, ngenxa yalokho lezi zingxenye zingasetshenziswa futhi injini idinga ukuhlelwa).

Ngokuya ngohlobo lwenjini, ibhande lesikhathi linokuphila kwalo ukusebenza. Isibonelo, izinhlobo ezifana ne-Audi, Renault, Honda zisungula isimiso sokushintshwa kwebhande njalo ngamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-120. KwaBMW, Volkswagen, Nissan, Mazda, lesi sikhathi sibekwe cishe ku-95 75, kanti abakwaHyundai batusa ukushintsha ibhande ngemuva kuka-000 XNUMX km. Ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuzulazula imvamisa yokushintshwa ngokuhambisana nezincomo zomkhiqizi, hhayi ngalokho umshayeli wegaraji eliseduze ayeluleka ngakho.

Kwenzekani uma ibhande ligqashuka

Ezingxenyeni eziningi zamandla, ama-piston anezindawo ezikhethekile. Uma ibhande lesikhathi liphuka ezinjinini ezinjalo, ngeke kube khona ukuwohloka okubucayi, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokulungisa isikhathi se-valve. Njengoba ama-valve enjini kufanele avuleke ngesikhathi esifanele, ibhande eliphukile lihlala liholela ekumisweni okuphelele kwemoto.

Njengoba ama-piston angama-notched anciphisa ukusebenza kahle kweyunithi yamandla, abanye abakhiqizi bafaka ngisho nama-piston. Ezinjinini ezinjalo, ukuphumula kwebhande lesikhathi kuholela ekuhlanganeni kwama-piston nama-valve.

Ngenxa yalokho, ama-valve agobile, futhi kwezinye izimo ama-pistons nawo alimele kakhulu. Okungavamile nakakhulu izimo lapho ukuphumula kwebhande lokushayela kuholela ekuqhekekeni kwe-camshaft pastel noma ukulimala kwe-cylinder block.

Ukuze uvimbele izinkinga ezinjalo, umshayeli ngamunye udinga ukunaka izimpawu ezilandelayo ezibonisa isidingo sokushintsha ibhande:

1. Ukwakhiwa kwemifantu kanye neminonjana yokugqoka ibhande. Uma lesi sici sivikelwe yi-casing (ezimotweni eziningi), ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuyisusa ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze kuhlolwe okubonakalayo kwengxenye.
2. Insiza. Ngisho noma imoto ingakaqedi imayela elishiwo encwadini yomnikazi, ibhande lisadingeka lishintshwe uma zingekho izimpawu zokuguga. Ibhande lenziwe ngenjoloba, futhi le nto inokuphila kwayo eshalofini, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwezimo zokucindezeleka kwemishini. Ngakho-ke, ngemva kweminyaka engu-7-8 yokusebenza, kungcono ukushintshwa kwebhande ngaphandle kokulinda ukuthi liguge.
3. Ukusebenza kwemoto okungazinzile. Lokhu kungabangelwa ukushelela kwebhande ku-shaft pulley. Ngenxa yalokhu, isikhathi se-valve sididekile, futhi ukuvutha kungase kungenzeki ngendlela efanele. Injini ingase iqale kabi, inyakaze, ingase inyakaze. Njengoba amazinyo amaningana ayashelela, amavalvu namapiston alimala uma ehlangana ngenkathi injini isebenza.
4. Inqwaba yentuthu ephuma epayipini lokukhipha umoya. Lokhu akubangelwa njalo ukungasebenzi kahle kwendlela yokusabalalisa igesi, kodwa uma isikhathi se-valve sishintsha, khona-ke ingxube yamafutha omoya ingase ishe kabi. Uma i-catalyst ifakwe emotweni, izohluleka ngokushesha ngenxa yamazinga okushisa abucayi okwenzeka lapho uphethiloli ongashiswanga ushisa ohlelweni lokukhipha umoya.
5. Imisindo engaphandle. Uma umshayeli ezwa ukuchofoza okunamandla okuyi-cyclical ngokwemvelo futhi kwanda ngesivinini esikhulayo, kufanelekile ukubheka ukuze ubone ukuthi ibhande seliqalile ukudilika. Isizathu semisindo enjalo kanye negumbi lenjini kungase kube ukuthwala okugugile kwepompo yamanzi noma i-generator.
6. Amafutha ebhande. Irabha iphuka ngokushesha lapho ithintana nemikhiqizo ye-petroleum. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, uma izintambo zamafutha zitholakala ebhandeni, kuyadingeka ukuqeda ukuvuza kwe-lubricant futhi uqiniseke ukuthi ubuyisela ibhande.
7. Lapho injini iqala, isiqalisi sisebenza, kodwa injini ayifuni ngisho "ukubamba". Ngokunokwenzeka, lokhu kuwuphawu lwebhande eliphukile.

Indlela yokukhetha nokushintsha ibhande

Njengoba ukusebenza okuzinzile kwemoto kuncike kwikhwalithi yebhande lokushayela, kunconywa ukuthenga inguqulo yokuqala. Nakuba izingxenye ezinjalo ezisele zibiza kakhulu kunama-analogue avela kwabanye abakhiqizi, uma usebenzisa okwangempela, ungaqiniseka ngokuthembeka kwengxenye, kanye nokuthi izosebenza isikhathi sayo esifanele (uma izimo zokusebenza zingaphulwa).

Uma inombolo yengxenye yebhande yemoto ethile ingaziwa, khona-ke ukusesha kungenziwa ngekhodi ye-VIN. Ngezimpawu nezinombolo kule nombolo kubonisa uhlobo lwenjini, usuku lokwenziwa kwemoto, njalonjalo. Sithanda uhlobo lwenjini, hhayi uhlobo lwemoto. Isizathu siwukuthi eminyakeni ehlukene yokukhiqiza kanye nokucushwa okuhlukene, imodeli efanayo yemoto ingafakwa izinjini ezahlukene, lapho amabhande abo esikhathi athembele khona.

Kwabanye abashayeli bezimoto, kunzima kakhulu ukuthola ingxenye efanele bebodwa. Kulokhu, ungasebenzisa usizo lomdayisi esitolo sezingxenye zezimoto. Into esemqoka ukumtshela usuku lokukhiqiza, imodeli kanye nohlobo lwemoto yakho, futhi uma kungenzeka, uhlobo lwenjini.

Lapho ukhetha ibhande ngokwakho, kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi ingxenye entsha ihlangabezana nemininingwane yezobuchwepheshe (inobude obufanele, ububanzi, inombolo yamazinyo, ukuma nokuzwakala kwayo). Ukushintshwa kwebhande kufanele kwenziwe uchwepheshe. Kulesi simo, kuzokwazi ukugwema amaphutha lapho ufaka ibhande futhi izosebenza sonke isikhathi esinikezwe yona.