Ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwe-Turbocharger - kungani kungcono ukuphathisa ukulungiswa kwe-turbine kochwepheshe?

Ngaphambilini, ama-turbocharger ayefakwa ezimotweni zezemidlalo, amaloli noma udizili. Namuhla, cishe yonke imoto ifakwe turbocharger. Lokhu kuphumela ekuphumeni okuphezulu ngelitha ngalinye lomthamo, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kanye nokuhambisana nezindinganiso zokukhipha umoya. I-turbo iphinde inikeze ukuguquguquka kusuka kumarev aphansi, ngakho-ke kuyasiza ukuthola inani elifanele letorque lapho ushayela imoto edolobheni, isibonelo. Lusebenza kanjani uhlelo olunjalo?

Ngaphambi kokuvuselelwa kabusha kwe-turbocharger kuyadingeka, i.e. amagama ambalwa mayelana ne-turbocharger

I-turbine efakwe ezinjinini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi iklanyelwe ukumpompa ingxenye eyengeziwe yomoya ngaphansi kwengcindezi ekamelweni elivuthayo. Kwani? Ukwandisa inani le-oxygen kuyunithi kwandisa umthamo weyunithi. Ukucindezelwa komoya kuhlanganisa ukusetha i-rotor ye-turbine ukuze inyakaze ngosizo lwamagesi okukhipha umoya. Kwenye ingxenye yawo kunesondo elicindezelayo elimunca umoya ovela emkhathini ngesisefo. Ukugcina i-oksijini ekushiseni, ingena ohlelweni lokuthatha, ngokuvamile ifakwe i-intercooler, i.e. umoya opholile. Kungemva kwesikhathi kuphela lapho kungena khona ubuningi bokudla.

I-Turbocharger nokuvuselelwa kabusha - yini engahambi kahle ngayo?

Eqinisweni, izinto eziningi zingahluleka ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-turbine. Ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwe-turbocharger kuyadingeka kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi "kuthatha" uwoyela. Nakuba engeke "anikeze" amafutha, kodwa ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwe-lubricant ye-motor kanye nokubonakala kwentuthu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ephuma epayipini lokukhipha umoya kukukhuthaza ukuthi ubheke i-turbine. Usho ukuthini lo mbala wentuthu? Umusi omhlophe ophuma epayipini lokukhipha umoya ngokuvamile ubonisa ukuthi isipholile singenile kumasilinda, intuthu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ibonisa amafutha enjini evuthayo, futhi intuthu emnyama imane ibonise amafutha angashisiwe, i.e. imibhobho.

Kungani i-turbo idla amafutha?

Izakhi zokusebenza ngaphakathi kwayo, okungukuthi, umnyombo, zigcotshwe ngamafutha. Lapho injini icishiwe, umfutho kawoyela uyehla futhi uwoyela oweqile eziteshini zengxenye engenhla yenjini bese injini iphumela esitokisini sikawoyela. Ngakho-ke, uma uqala ngokushesha ngemva kokuqala, maduze nje uzozibuza ukuthi ungayivuselela kuphi i-turbocharger. Kungani? Ngoba amafutha ngeke akwazi ukufinyelela kuzo zonke izakhi ezidinga ukugcoba, futhi i-rotor izoqala ukujikeleza ngokushesha.

Ama-turbocharger amancane nokuvuselelwa kabusha - kungani egcizelelwe ikakhulukazi?

Ama-turbos amancane (njengalawo akhona ku-1.6 HDI 0375J6, 1.2 Tce 7701477904 noma 1.8t K03) anempilo enzima ikakhulukazi, njengoba ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ziphenduka ngesivinini esingama-revolutions ayizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu ambalwa ngomzuzu. Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-revolutions ayizinkulungwane ezingu-5-7 esimweni senjini, lokhu kuningi ngempela. Ngakho-ke, imithwalo esebenza kuzo mikhulu kakhulu futhi ihluleka kalula uma isetshenziswe ngendlela engafanele.

Ukunganaki ngendlela yezikhathi ezinwetshiwe zokushintsha uwoyela kanye nokushayela okunolaka kubangela izakhi ezijikelezayo ukuthi zivuze uwoyela kulowo owudlayo. Kodwa lokho akuyona inkinga kuphela ngama-turbocharger.

Yini enye ehlushwa ama-turbines - ukulungiswa kwezinye izingxenye zenjini

Ngaphandle kwama-valve, ama-seal kanye nama-rotor blades angaphuka, izindlu nazo zilimele. Ngezinye izikhathi kuba nensimbi encane kakhulu kangangokuthi, naphezu kwamandla ayo, iyawa. Kukhona ukuvuza ohlelweni nomoya, esikhundleni sokungena ezinhlobonhlobo zokudla, uyaphuma. Kulokhu, ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwe-turbocharger kuhlanganisa ukufaka esikhundleni sento enjalo entsha noma ukuyishisela.

Ama-paddle shifters alawula i-geometry nawo ayingxenye ebalulekile yesakhiwo. Lokhu kuyisici esincane, kodwa siyisihluthulelo, futhi ukulimala kwayo kuthinta ukusebenza kwayo yonke idivayisi. Kukhona futhi ipheya, i.e. i-vacuum regulator, equkethe isiphethu kanye nolwelwesi. Ngaphansi kwethonya lokushisa eliphezulu, lingamane lonakaliswe futhi ukulawulwa kwe-boost pressure ngeke kusebenze kahle.

Thola ukuthi kuyini ukuvuselelwa kwe-turbine

Ngamagama alula, sikhuluma ngokuyibuyisela esimweni sefekthri ngokushintsha izingxenye ezilimele noma ukuzilungisa (uma kungenzeka). Uma kubhekwa lezi zimo ezingenhla zokuhluleka okungenzeka, inani lomsebenzi likhulu ngempela. Kodwa-ke, imvamisa iqhubeka ngendlela efanayo, ngokwephethini ethile.

Isinyathelo sokuqala sokwakha kabusha i-turbocharger ukuqaqa zonke izingxenye ukuze kuhlolwe isimo sazo. Ngakho, ilungiselelwe ukushintshwa kwezingxenye zomuntu ngamunye nokuhlanza. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukungcola ngendlela yamagesi aphumayo okungenye yezinto ezinciphisa ukuphila kwe-turbine. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunikeza ikhasimende into engcolile ngemva kokuvuselelwa akuwona umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu. Nazi izingxenye ze-subassembly:

● impeller;

● ipuleti lokuvala;

● isondo lokucindezela;

● i-gasket eshisayo;

● i-plain and thrust bear;

● izindandatho zokuvala;

● umxoshi;

● ukwahlukanisa;

● i-casing of the rotor shaft (core);

Umakhenikha uhlola isimo sazo zonke izingxenye ezingenhla. Isibonelo, ama-rotor blades ayinhloko angaphulwa, i-shaft igugile, futhi ama-geometry blades aguquguqukayo ayashiswa. Konke lokhu kudinga ukuwashwa kahle ukuze kuhlolwe ukuguga.

I-turbine nokuvuselelwa kabusha - kwenzekani kuyo ngemuva kokushaywa?

Ngemva kokugeza ngokuphelele, sekuyisikhathi sokuhlanza izakhi ngomoya ocindezelweyo kanye nemikhiqizo e-abrasive. Ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwe-Turbocharger akufanele kufake nje ukuhlanzwa okuphelele kwazo zonke izingxenye, kodwa futhi nokuzimboza ngama-anti-corrosion agents.. Ngenxa yalokhu, lapho efakwe enjinini, ingxenye ye-cast-iron ye-turbine ngeke igxume. Ukuhlola okuphelele kukuvumela ukuthi uhlole ukuthi yiziphi izakhi ezidinga ukushintshwa zibe ezintsha, futhi ezingase zisetshenziswe ngempumelelo.

Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukukala isivinini. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi uhlole ukuthi izakhi zilingana kahle kangangokuthi azivumeli uwoyela ukuthi ungene esondo lokucindezela. Abaningi abathanda i-DIY bakholelwa ukuthi kungenzeka ukwakha kabusha i-turbine egaraji labo. Nokho, lokhu akunconywa. Akunakwenzeka ukunquma ukuthi zonke izakhi zihlanganiswe kahle ngemva kokuhlanganiswa nokuthi i-turbo ayidingi ukukala. 

Kubiza malini ukubuyisela i-turbine emotweni?

Izindleko zezingxenye ezisele ziyahlukahluka futhi kuncike kumodeli. Njengoba usubonile kakade, kukhona futhi izakhi eziningi ezingalimala. Phela, umsebenzi wochwepheshe kufanele wengezwe ngentengo. Uhlu lwamanani (ngokuvamile) luncike ekudumeni nasekudumeni kwendawo yokusebenzela. Nokho, intengo ukulungiswa ama-turbocharger ngokuvamile abiza phakathi kwama-euro angu-800 no-120 Yiqiniso, ungathola izinhlinzeko ezishibhile, kodwa futhi ezibiza kakhulu.

Yini enye engenziwa nge-turbine ukwenza imoto ibe namandla kakhulu?

Ukukhiqiza kabusha i-turbocharger ngokwayo kuyindlela enhle yokufeza ukusebenza okuseduze kwasefekthri. Kungenzeka futhi ukwandisa umbuthano wokucindezelwa kuwo, okubandakanya ukukhanda izindlu eziseceleni ezibandayo, ukuyishayela kumfutho ophakeme, noma ukumane uyifake esikhundleni esikhulu. Yiqiniso, akunangqondo ukushintsha izakhi ezinjalo ezinjini ze-serial, ngoba ngokushesha noma kamuva okuthile kuzohluleka (isibonelo, i-clutch noma i-shaft bearings). Kodwa lesi yisihloko sesinye isihloko.