I-Jet fighter Messerschmitt Me 163 Komet ingxenye 1

Me 163 B-1a, W.Nr. 191095; I-United States National Air Force Museum e-Wright-Patterson AFB eduze kwase-Dayton, e-Ohio.

I-Me 163 yaba i-fighter yokuqala ye-missile-powered power ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe II. Ukuhlasela kwansuku zonke kwamabhomu anamandla anenjini emine aseMelika kwacekela phansi ngokuhlelekile zombili izikhungo zezimboni zaseJalimane phakathi no-1943, futhi, njengengxenye yokuhlasela kwamaphekula, abhidliza amadolobha aseReich, abulala amashumi ezinkulungwane zezakhamuzi, okwakuzogqashuka. isimilo sesizwe. Inzuzo yezinto ezibonakalayo yendiza yaseMelika yayinkulu kangangokuthi umyalo weLuftwaffe wabona ithuba kuphela lokunqoba le nkinga nokumisa ukuhlasela kwezindiza kusetshenziswa izindlela zokuzivikela ezingajwayelekile. Amanani kwakufanele aqhathaniswe nekhwalithi. Ngakho-ke imibono yokuguqula amayunithi e-fighter ibe izindiza ze-jet ne-missile, okwathi, ngenxa yokusebenza okuphezulu, kwakuwukubuyisela ukulawula komoya kwe-Luftwaffe endaweni yabo yasekhaya.

I-genesis ye-Me 163 fighter ibuyela emuva kuma-20s. Umakhi osemncane, u-Aleksander Martin Lippisch, owazalwa ngoNovemba 2, 1898 eMünchen (Munich), ngo-1925 wathatha izintambo zokuphatha ze-Rhön-Rositten-Gesellschaft (RRG, Rhön-Rositten Society) ezinze eWasserkuppe futhi waqala umsebenzi wokuthuthukisa. yezindiza ezingenamsila .

Amaglider okuqala e-AM Lippisch kwakungokwakhiwa okuvela ochungechungeni lwe-Storch (stork), Storch I kusukela ngo-1927, ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, ngo-1929, kwatholwa injini ye-DKW enamandla angu-8 HP. Enye into endizayo, iStorch II yayiwuhlobo olwehlisiwe lweStorch I, kuyilapho iStorch III yayinezihlalo ezimbili, yandiziswa ngo-125, iStorch IV yayiwuhlobo oluhamba ngemoto olwandulela lona, ​​kanti iStorch V yayiwuhlobo oluthuthukisiwe. isihlalo esisodwa esandiza okokuqala ngo-125.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, engxenyeni yesibili yawo-20, isithakazelo ekuqhumeni kwe-rocket sakhula eJalimane. Omunye wamavulandlela omthombo wamandla omusha kwakungusozimboni wezimoto odumile uFritz von Opel, owaqala ukusekela i-Verein für Raumschifffahrt (VfR, Society for Spacecraft Travel). Inhloko ye-VfR kwakunguMax Valier, futhi umsunguli womphakathi kwakunguHermann Oberth. Ekuqaleni, amalungu omphakathi ayekholelwa ukuthi uphethiloli we-liquid uzoba yi-propulsion efanelekile kakhulu yezinjini ze-rocket, ngokungafani nabanye abacwaningi abaningi abakhetha amafutha aqinile ukuze kube lula ukuwasebenzisa. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, uMax Valier wanquma ukuthi, ngokwezinjongo zenkulumo-ze, umuntu kufanele ahileleke ekwakhiweni kwendiza, imoto, noma ezinye izinto zokuhamba ezizosetshenziswa injini yerokhethi eqinile.

Ukuqala ngempumelelo kwendiza ye-Delta 1 kwenzeka ehlobo lika-1931.

UMax Valier no-Alexander Sander, uchwepheshe we-pyrotechnician waseWarnemünde, bakhe izinhlobo ezimbili zamarokhethi esibhamu, elokuqala elivutha ngokushesha ukuze banikeze isivinini esikhulu sokuqala esidingekayo ukuze basuke, kanti eyesibili yaba nomfutho ovuthayo okwanele wendiza ende.

Njengoba, ngokusho kochwepheshe abaningi, i-airframe engcono kakhulu engathola ukuqhutshwa kwe-rocket yayingenamsila, ngoMeyi 1928 uMax Valier noFritz von Opel bahlangana ngasese no-Alexander Lippisch e-Wasserkuppe ukuze baxoxe ngokuthi kungenzeka yini ukuhlolwa endizeni kwenguquko entsha. umthombo wamandla we-propulsion. U-Lippisch uhlongoze ukufaka ama-rocket motors endizeni yakhe engenamsila i-Ente (idada), ayeyithuthukisa kanyekanye ne-Storch glider.

NgoJuni 11, 1928, uFritz Stamer wenza indiza yokuqala ezilawulweni ze-Ente glider ehlome ngamarokhethi amabili e-Sander angama-20 kg ngalinye. Indiza endizayo yasuka nekati efakwe izintambo zenjoloba. Indiza yokuqala yathatha imizuzwana engu-35 kuphela. Endizeni yesibili, ngemva kokwethula amarokhethi, i-Stamer yenza ijika elingu-180 ° futhi yahlanganisa ibanga elingu-1200 70 m ngemizuzwana engu-XNUMX futhi yahlala ngokuphepha endaweni yokusuka. Ngesikhathi sendiza yesithathu, elinye lamarokhethi laqhuma kwase kugqamuka umlilo ingxenye engemuva ye-airframe, kwaqedwa ukuhlolwa.

Ngaleso sikhathi, umshayeli wamabhanoyi waseJalimane, umnqobi we-Atlantic, u-Hermann Köhl, wabonisa isithakazelo emiklamo ye-Lippisch futhi wayala ukuba ibhanoyi lemoto i-Delta I ngenkokhelo kusengaphambili engu-RM 4200 njengezindleko zokuthenga kwayo. I-Delta I yayinikwa amandla injini yeBristol Cherub 30 HP futhi yafinyelela isivinini esingu-145 km / h. Indiza kaseyili enenjini yayizimele ingenamsila futhi inamaphiko ekuhlelweni kwe-delta enesakhiwo sokhuni esinendlu yabantu ababili kanye nophephela ophushayo. Indiza yayo yokuqala yendiza yenzeke ehlobo lika-1930, kanye nokundiza kwayo ngoMeyi 1931. Inguqulo yokuthuthukiswa kwe-Delta II yahlala emabhodini okudweba, yayizonikwa amandla injini engu-20 HP. Ngo-1932, i-Delta III yakhiwa embonini ye-Fieseler, eyakhiwe ngokuphindwe kabili ngaphansi kwegama elithi Fieseler F 3 Wespe (umnyovu). I-airframe kwakunzima ukundiza futhi yaphahlazeka ngoJulayi 23, 1932 phakathi nenye yezindiza zokuhlola. Umshayeli wendiza, uGünter Groenhoff, washonela khona lapho.

Ekuqaleni kuka-1933/34, indlunkulu ye-RRG yathuthelwa eDarmstadt-Griesheim, lapho inkampani yaba yingxenye yeDeutsche Forschungsanstalt für Segelflug (DFS), okungukuthi i-German Research Institute for Shaft Flight. Kakade kwa-DFS, kwasungulwa enye i-airframe, eyaqokwa ukuthi i-Delta IV a, kwase kuba okwahluka kwayo okushintshiwe kwe-Delta IV b. Okuhlukile kokugcina kwakuyi-Delta IV c enenjini yenkanyezi ye-Pobjoy engu-75 hp enophephela odonsayo. Dipl.-Ing. UFrithjof Ursinus, uJosef Hubert noFritz Krämer. Ngo-1936, indiza yathola isitifiketi sokugunyazwa kwezindiza futhi yabhaliswa njengendiza yezemidlalo enezihlalo ezimbili.