I-Indian Ocean phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, ingxenye 2
I-Grumman Martlet fighter ye-888th Fleet Air Arm, esebenza kunkampani yenethiwekhi i-HMS Formidalbe, indizela phezu kwe-HMS Warspite, umkhumbi wempi osebenza kahle kakhulu wekhulu lama-1942; Meyi XNUMX
Ekuqaleni, i-Indian Ocean ngokuyinhloko yayiwumzila omkhulu wokuthutha phakathi kweYurophu neMpumalanga Ekude kanye neNdiya. Phakathi kwabaseYurophu, abaseBrithani - ngenxa ye-India, iparele emqhele wombuso - banaka kakhulu i-Indian Ocean. Akulona ihaba ukusho ukuthi umbuso wamakoloni waseBrithani wawunamakoloni atholakala oLwandlekazini i-Indian kanye nezindlela eziya kuwo.
Ekwindla ka-1941 - ngemva kokunqotshwa kwe-Italian East Africa kanye nokunqotshwa kwezifunda zePersian Gulf - amandla eGreat Britain ogwini lwase-Indian Ocean abonakala engenakuphikiswa. Zintathu kuphela izindawo ezinkulu - iMozambique, iMadagascar kanye neThailand - ezazingaphandle kokulawulwa kwezempi yaseLondon. IMozambique, nokho, bekungeyasePortugal, izwe elingathathi hlangothi ngokusemthethweni, kodwa empeleni lingumfelandawonye omdala weBrithani. Iziphathimandla zaseFrance zaseMadagascar zazingazimisele ukubambisana, kodwa zingenawo amandla noma amandla okulimaza umzamo wempi we-Allied. I-Thailand yayingenamandla kakhulu, kodwa - ngokuphikisana neFrance - yayibonakala inomusa kumaBrithani.
Ngo-September 22-26, 1940, ibutho laseJapane laqhuba umkhankaso wezempi engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-Indochina futhi, ngemva kokumelana neFrance okwesikhashana, laphatha indawo.
Kuyiqiniso ukuthi i-Indian Ocean yathonywa abahlaseli baseJalimane nemikhumbi-ngwenya - kodwa ukulahlekelwa okubangelwa yibo kwakungokomfanekiso. I-Japan yayingase ibe usongo olukhulu, kodwa ibanga eliphakathi kwenhloko-dolobha yase-Japan, i-Tokyo, ne-Singapore - isizinda samasosha asolwandle emngceleni ophakathi kwamanzi oLwandle i-Indian kanye ne-Pacific Ocean - lilingana nebanga eliphakathi kweNew York neLondon. Izinxushunxushu ezengeziwe zezombangazwe zadalwa nguMgwaqo waseBurma, i-United States eyawunikeza amaShayina elwa namaJapane.
Ehlobo lika-1937, kwagqashuka impi phakathi kweChina neJapane. Akuhambanga ngokwezinhlelo zikaChiang Kai-shek - umholi weqembu leKuomintang, elibusa iRiphabhulikhi yaseChina. AmaJapane axosha ukuhlasela kwamaShayina, athatha isinyathelo, aqhubeka nokuhlasela, athatha inhloko-dolobha yaseNanjing futhi azama ukwenza ukuthula. Kodwa-ke, uChiang Kai-shek wayehlose ukuqhubeka nempi - wabala inzuzo yezinombolo, wasekelwa yiSoviet Union nase-United States, lapho kwavela khona kokubili imishini nabeluleki bezempi. Ehlobo lika-1939, kwaba nezimpi phakathi kwamaJapane namaSoviet eMfuleni iChałchin-Goł (eduze nedolobha laseNomonhan). I-Red Army kwakufanele ifinyelele impumelelo enkulu lapho, kodwa empeleni ngenxa yalokhu "kunqoba", iMoscow yayeka ukunikeza usizo kuChiang Kai-shek.
Ngosizo olunikezwa u-Chiang Kai-shek waseMelika, iJapane yakwazi ukubhekana nokusebenzisa isu lezenzo lencwadi yokufunda
okuphakathi - ukusika amaShayina. Ngo-1939, amaJapane athatha amachweba aseningizimu yeChina. Ngaleso sikhathi, usizo lwaseMelika lweChina lwaluqondiswe emachwebeni e-French Indochina, kodwa ngo-1940 - ngemva kokuthathwa kweParis ngamaJalimane - amaFulentshi avuma ukuvala uhambo oluya eChina. Ngaleso sikhathi, usizo lwaseMelika lwaluqondiswe ngaphesheya koLwandlekazi i-Indian luye emachwebeni aseBurma futhi ngokuqhubekayo - ngomgwaqo waseBurma - luya eChiang Kai-shek. Ngenxa yempi eYurophu, abaseBrithani bavumelana nesidingo saseJapane sokuvala uhambo oluya eChina.
ETokyo, kwabikezelwa ukuthi unyaka ka-1941 wawuzoba unyaka wokuphela kwempi eChina. EWashington, nokho, isinqumo sokweseka uChiang Kai-shek sasekelwa, kwaphinde kwaphethwa ngokuthi njengoba kwakungenakwenzeka ukunikeza iChina izinto zempi, kufanele kuvinjwe ukuhlinzekwa kwempahla yempi eJapane. I-embargo - futhi ibhekwa - njengesinyathelo esinonya esasiyi-casus belli efanelekile, kodwa impi yayingesabi e-United States. EWashington kwakunenkolelo yokuthi njengoba iButho LaseJapane lalingenakunqoba ngokumelene nomphikisi obuthakathaka njengeButho LaseShayina, lalingeke linqume ukuya empini ngokumelene neButho LaseMelika. AbaseMelika bathola iphutha labo ngoDisemba 8, 1941 ePearl Harbor.
I-Singapore: itshe eliyinhloko lempahla yamakoloni aseBrithani
IPearl Harbor yahlaselwa ngemuva kwamahora iJapan iqale impi. Ngaphambilini, lokhu kuhlasela bekuqondiswe eBritish Malaya, okuyiqembu elihluke kakhulu lezifunda zasendaweni ezingaphansi kweLondon. Ngaphezu kwama-sultanate kanye nezikhulu ezamukela i-protectorate yaseBrithani, kwakukhona lapha - hhayi kuphela eNhlonhlweni yaseMalay kodwa nasesiqhingini sase-Indonesia saseBorneo - namakoloni amane asungulwa ngokuqondile amaBrithani. ISingapore isiye yaba ebaluleke kakhulu kuzo.
INingizimu yeBritish Malaya kwakuyi-Dutch East Indies ecebile, iziqhingi zayo - ikakhulukazi iSumatra neJava - ezihlukanisa iPacific Ocean noLwandlekazi i-Indian. I-Sumatra ihlukaniswe neNhlonhlo yaseMalay yi-Strait of Malacca - i-strait ende kunazo zonke emhlabeni, i-937 km ubude. Inomumo wefaneli, ububanzi bamakhilomitha angamakhulu amaningana lapho i-Indian Ocean igelezela kuyo, kanye no-36 km omncane lapho ijoyina i-Pacific Ocean - eduze neSingapore.
