Ukucacisa izithonjana kudeshibhodi
abashayeli baziswa ngokuba khona kokuwohloka kwezinhlelo zezimoto ezahlukahlukene kusetshenziswa izithonjana kuphaneli yezinsimbi. Akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi ukucacisa incazelo yalezi zithonjana ezivuthayo ngendlela enembile, ngoba akubona bonke abashayeli abazazi kahle izimoto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezimotweni ezihlukene, ukuqokwa kwesithombe sesithonjana esisodwa kungase kwehluke. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi akuwona wonke ukukhanya okusephaneli okwazisa kuphela ngokuhlukana okubalulekile. Inkomba yama-bulb ngaphansi kwezithonjana ihlukaniswe ngombala ngamaqembu ama-3:
Izithonjana ezibomvu bakhuluma ngengozi, futhi uma noma yiluphi uphawu lukhanya kulo mbala, kufanele unake isignali yekhompyutha esebhodini ukuze uthathe izinyathelo zokulungisa ngokushesha ukuphuka. Ngezinye izikhathi azibalulekile kangako, futhi kungenzeka ukuqhubeka nokushayela imoto lapho isithonjana esinjalo kuphaneli sivuliwe, futhi ngezinye izikhathi akufanelekile.
Izithonjana eziyisisekelo kudeshibhodi
Izinkomba eziphuzi xwayisa ngokuphazamiseka noma isidingo sokuthatha isinyathelo esithile ukushayela imoto noma ukusevisa.
Amalambu aluhlaza ukwazisa mayelana nemisebenzi yesevisi yemoto kanye nomsebenzi wabo.
Ake sethule uhlu lwemibuzo evame ukubuzwa kanye nencazelo yokuthi isithonjana esishisayo esisephaneli sisho ukuthini.
Izithonjana zolwazi
isithonjana semoto kungase kukhanye ngendlela ehlukile, kwenzeka ukuthi isithonjana "semoto enesikere", isithonjana "semoto ekhiyiwe" noma isibabazo sivuliwe. Mayelana nazo zonke lezi zimpawu ngokulandelana kwazo:
Uma le nkomba ikhanya (imoto enokhiye), bese ikwazisa mayelana nokungasebenzi kahle kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi (ngokuvamile ukungasebenzi kahle ekusebenzeni kwanoma iyiphi inzwa) noma ingxenye ye-elekthronikhi yokudlulisa. ukuze kutholakale imbangela eqondile, kuzodingeka kwenziwe ukuxilonga.
Khanyisa imoto ebomvu nengidi, kusho ukuthi kube nezinkinga ekusebenzeni kohlelo olujwayelekile lokulwa nobugebengu, ngokuvamile isithonjana esinjalo sisho ukuthi imoto ayiboni ukhiye we-immobilizer futhi ngeke kwenzeke ukuqala imoto, kodwa uma lesi sithonjana sicwayiza lapho imoto ivaliwe, khona-ke konke kujwayelekile - imoto ikhiyiwe.
Желтый inkomba yemoto yesibabazo yazisa umshayeli wemoto ene-hybrid ICE mayelana nokuwohloka kwedrayivu kagesi. Ukusetha kabusha iphutha ngokuwisa itheminali yebhethri ngeke kuyixazulule inkinga - ukuhlolwa kuyadingeka.
isithonjana somnyango ovulekile wonke umuntu ujwayele ukuwubona uvutha lapho umnyango noma isivalo se-trunk sivuliwe, kodwa uma yonke iminyango ivaliwe futhi ukukhanya okunomnyango owodwa noma emine kuqhubeka kukhanya, khona-ke ngokuvamile inkinga kufanele ibhekwe kumaswishi omnyango (oxhumana nabo bezintambo). ).
Isithonjana somgwaqo oshelelayo iqala ukubaneka lapho isistimu yokulawula ukuzinza ithola ingxenye yomgwaqo eshelelayo futhi ivulwe ukuze ivimbele ukushelela ngokunciphisa amandla enjini evuthayo yangaphakathi nokubhuleka isondo elishelelayo. Asikho isidingo sokukhathazeka esimweni esinjalo. Kodwa lapho ukhiye, unxantathu noma isithonjana se-skid esinqanyuliwe sivela eduze nenkomba enjalo, khona-ke uhlelo lokuzinza lunephutha.
isithonjana se-wrench kuqhamuke ebhodini lokushaya uma sekuyisikhathi sokusevisa imoto. Kuyinkomba yolwazi futhi isethwa kabusha ngemva kokulungiswa.
Izithonjana eziyisixwayiso kuphaneli
Isithonjana sesondo lokuqondisa ingakhanyisa ngemibala emibili. Uma isondo lokuqondisa eliphuzi livuliwe, khona-ke ukujwayela kuyadingeka, futhi uma kuvela isithombe esibomvu sesiteringi esinophawu lokubabaza, kakade kuwufanele ukukhathazeka ngokuhluleka kwesiteringi samandla noma uhlelo lwe-EUR. Uma isiteringi esibomvu sikhanya kungenzeka ukuthi isiteringi sakho sibe nzima kakhulu ukusijika.
isithonjana se-immobilizer, ngokuvamile iyacwayiza lapho umshini uvaliwe; kulokhu, inkomba yemoto ebomvu enokhiye omhlophe ibonisa ukusebenza kwesistimu yokulwa nobugebengu. Kodwa kunezizathu eziyisisekelo ezingu-3 uma ukukhanya kwe-immo kukhanya njalo: i-immobilizer ayisebenzi, uma ilebula evela kukhiye ingafundiwe noma uhlelo lokulwa nobugebengu lunephutha.
Ibheji yethawula ayikhanyisi kuphela uma i-handbrake lever yenziwe yasebenza (iphakanyisiwe), kodwa nasezimeni lapho amabhuleki amabhuleki agugile noma i-brake fluid idinga ukufakwa phezulu / ukushintshwa. Emotweni enebhuleki lesandla le-elekthronikhi, ilambu lebhuleki yokupaka lingase likhanye ngenxa yephutha ekushintsheni komkhawulo noma inzwa.
isithonjana esipholile inezinketho eziningi futhi, kuye ngokuthi iyiphi evuliwe, yenza iziphetho mayelana nenkinga ngokufanele. Isibani esisodwa esibomvu esinesikali se-thermometer sibonisa izinga lokushisa elengeziwe kusistimu yokupholisa injini evuthayo yangaphakathi, kodwa ithangi lokunweba eliphuzi elinamagagasi libonisa izinga eliphansi lokupholisa ohlelweni. Kodwa kufanelekile ukucabangela ukuthi isibani esipholile asihlali ngaso sonke isikhathi sivutha ezingeni eliphansi, mhlawumbe nje "i-glitch" yenzwa noma ukuntanta ku-tank yokwandisa.
iwasha icon kukhombisa izinga eliphansi loketshezi ethangini lokunweba iwasha yengilazi. Isibonakaliso esinjalo asikhanyisi kuphela lapho izinga lehlisiwe, kodwa futhi uma inzwa yezinga ivaliwe (othintana nabo benzwa baboshwe ngenxa yoketshezi olusezingeni eliphansi), ukunikeza isignali yamanga. Kwezinye izimoto, inzwa yeleveli iqaliswa lapho ukucaciswa koketshezi lwewasha kungafani.
Isithonjana se-ASR - Lena inkomba ye-anti-spin system (Anti-Spin Regulation). Iyunithi ye-elekthronikhi yalolu hlelo ihlanganiswe nezinzwa ze-ABS. Uma ukukhanya okunjalo kukhanya njalo, kusho ukuthi i-ASR ayisebenzi. Ezimotweni ezihlukene, isithonjana esinjalo singase sibukeke sihlukile, kodwa ngokuvamile siba uphawu lwesibabazo kunxantathu olunomcibisholo ozungezile noma umbhalo ngokwawo, noma ngesimo semoto emgwaqeni oshelelayo.
Isithonjana se-Catalyst kuvame ukukhanya lapho i-elementi ye-catalytic ishisa ngokweqile futhi ivamise ukuhambisana nokwehla okubukhali kwamandla e-ICE. Ukushisa okunjalo angeke kwenzeke kuphela ngenxa yokungahambi kahle kweseli, kodwa futhi uma kunezinkinga ohlelweni lokushisa. Lapho i-catalyst ihluleka, khona-ke ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okukhulu kuzokwengezwa esibani esivuthayo.
Isithonjana sokukhipha intuthu ngokolwazi oluvela kumanuwali, kusho ukuwohloka ohlelweni lokuhlanza igesi ephumayo, kodwa, ngokuvamile, ukukhanya okunjalo kuqala ukuvutha ngemva kokufakwa kabusha okungekuhle noma iphutha kunzwa ye-lambda probe. Uhlelo lubhalisa ukungafihli kahle kwengxube, ngenxa yalokho okuqukethwe kwezinto eziyingozi kumagesi aphumayo kwanda futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukukhanya "kwe-exhaust gases" kuvuliwe kudeshibhodi. Inkinga ayibucayi, kodwa kufanele kwenziwe ukuxilongwa ukuze kutholakale imbangela.
Ukubika ukwehlukana
isithonjana sebhethri ikhanyisa uma i-voltage kunethiwekhi ye-on-board yehla, ngokuvamile inkinga enjalo ihlotshaniswa nokushoda kwebhethri kusuka ku-generator, ngakho-ke ingabizwa nangokuthi "isithonjana se-generator". Ezimotweni ezine-ICE eyi-hybrid, le nkomba yengezwe umbhalo othi "MAIN" ngezansi.
Isithonjana samafutha, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-oiler ebomvu - ibonisa ukwehla kwezinga likawoyela enjini evuthayo yangaphakathi yemoto. Isithonjana esinjalo siyakhanya lapho injini iqaliswa, futhi ayicimi ngemva kwemizuzwana embalwa noma ingase ikhanye ngenkathi ushayela. Leli qiniso libonisa izinkinga ohlelweni lokuthambisa noma ukwehla kwezinga likawoyela noma ingcindezi. Isithonjana sikawoyela esisephaneli singaba neconsi noma sibe namagagasi phansi, kwezinye izimoto inkomba yengezwe ngombhalo othi min, inzwa, izinga likawoyela (imibhalo ephuzi) noma nje izinhlamvu L no-H (ezinezimpawu eziphansi neziphezulu. amazinga kawoyela).
Isithonjana somcamelo ingakhanyisa ngezindlela eziningana: kokubili umbhalo obomvu othi SRS kanye ne-AIRBAG, kanye “nendoda ebomvu egqoke ibhande lesihlalo”, futhi phambi kwayo kuyindilinga. Uma enye yalezi zimpawu ze-airbag ikhanyiswa kuphaneli, lena ikhompuyutha esebhodini ekwazisa ngokuwohloka kwesistimu yokuphepha ye-passive, futhi uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, ama-airbag ngeke asebenze. Izizathu zokuthi kungani isibonakaliso somcamelo sikhanyisa, nokuthi ungalungisa kanjani ukuhlukana, funda isihloko kusayithi.
Isithonjana sophawu lwesibabazo ingase ibukeke yehlukile futhi nezincazelo zayo, ngokulandelana, nazo zizohluka. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, lapho ukukhanya okubomvu (!) Kukhanya embuthanweni, lokhu kubonisa ukuwohloka kwesistimu ye-brake futhi kuhle ukuthi ungaqhubeki nokushayela kuze kube yilapho imbangela yokubukeka kwayo icacisiwe. Angase ahluke kakhulu: ibhuleki lesandla liyaphakanyiswa, amabhuleki agugile, noma izinga le-brake fluid lehlile. Izinga eliphansi liyingozi nje, ngoba isizathu singase singabi kuphela kumaphedi agqoke kakhulu, ngenxa yalokho, lapho ucindezela i-pedal, uketshezi luyaphambuka ohlelweni, futhi ukuntanta kunikeza isignali yezinga eliphansi, i-brake hose ingase yonakale ndawana thize, futhi lokhu kubi kakhulu. Nakuba, ngokuvamile uphawu lwesibabazo luyakhanya uma i-float (inzwa yezinga) ingasebenzi noma ifinyeziwe, bese ivele ilale. Kwezinye izimoto, isibabazo sihambisana nombhalo othi "BRAKE", kodwa lokhu akuwushintshi umnyombo wenkinga.
futhi, uphawu lwesibabazo lungavutha ngendlela yophawu "lokunaka", kokubili ingemuva elibomvu nakwephuzi. Lapho uphawu oluphuzi “lokunaka” lukhanya, lubika ukuwohloka ohlelweni lokuzinzisa lwe-elekthronikhi, futhi uma lungemuva olubomvu, luvele luxwayise umshayeli ngokuthile, futhi, ngokuvamile, umbhalo ochazayo ukhanyiswa kusibonisi sedeshibhodi. noma ihlanganiswe nenye incazelo efundisayo .
Isithonjana se-ABS ingase ibe nezinketho eziningi zokubonisa kudeshibhodi, kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lokhu kusho into efanayo kuzo zonke izimoto - ukungasebenzi kahle ohlelweni lwe-ABS, nokuthi okwamanje i-anti-lock wheel system ayisebenzi. Ungathola izizathu zokuthi kungani i-ABS ingasebenzi esihlokweni sethu. Kulokhu, ukunyakaza kungenziwa, kodwa akudingekile ukubala ekusebenzeni kwe-ABS, amabhuleki azosebenza njengokujwayelekile.
Isithonjana se-ESP Ingakhanyisa ngezikhathi ezithile noma ivutha njalo. Isibani esinombhalo onjalo sibonisa izinkinga ngohlelo lokuzinzisa. Inkomba ye-Electronic Stability Programme ivamise ukukhanyisa ngenxa yezizathu ezimbili - kungaba inzwa ye-engeli yokuqondisa ayisebenzi, noma i-brake light switch on sensor (eyaziwa nangokuthi “ixoxo”) eyalelwe ukuthi iphile isikhathi eside. Nakuba, kunenkinga enkulu kakhulu, isibonelo, inzwa yokucindezela kwesistimu yebhuleki izimbozile.
Isithonjana senjini evuthayo yangaphakathi, abanye abashayeli bangase bayibize ngokuthi "isithonjana somjovo" noma bahlole, ingase ibephuzi lapho injini evuthayo yangaphakathi isebenza. Yazisa mayelana nokuba khona kwamaphutha enjini evuthayo yangaphakathi kanye nokuwohloka kwamasistimu ayo kagesi. Ukuze unqume imbangela yokuvela kwayo esibukweni sedeshibhodi, ukuzihlola ngokwakho noma ukuxilonga ikhompuyutha kuyenziwa.
isithonjana sepulaki ekhanyayo ingakhanyisa kudeshibhodi yemoto kadizili, incazelo yenkomba enjalo ifana ncamashi nesithonjana "sokuhlola" ezimotweni zikaphethiloli. Uma kungekho amaphutha kumemori yeyunithi ye-elekthronikhi, isithonjana esivunguzayo kufanele siphume ngemuva kokuthi injini evuthayo yangaphakathi ifudumale namapulagi akhanyayo avaliwe. Ungawabheka kanjani amapulaki akhanyayo funda lapha.
Lokhu okuqukethwe kunolwazi kubanikazi bezimoto abaningi. Futhi nakuba zonke izithonjana ezingaba khona zazo zonke izimoto ezikhona zingavezwa lapha, uzokwazi ukuqonda ngokuzimela amagama ayisisekelo edeshibhodi yemoto, futhi ungakhali uma ubona ukuthi isithonjana esisephaneli sikhanyiswa futhi.
