Ukusatshalaliswa kwezinjini ezi-4-stroke
Okuqukethwe
i-camshaft yokulawula i-valve
Yakhiwe ngama-valve kanye ne-camshaft eyodwa noma ngaphezulu, ukusatshalaliswa kuyinhliziyo yenjini enama-stroke angu-4. Kuphezu kwayo ukuthi ukusebenza kwesithuthuthu kusekelwe.
Ukulawula ukuvuleka nokuvalwa kwama-valve okuvumelanisiwe, kusetshenziswa i-camshaft, okungukuthi, i-axle ejikelezayo lapho i-eccentrics ifakwe khona, ezophusha ama-valve ukuze azike futhi avule lapho kufika isikhathi. I-valve ayihlali ilawulwa ngokuqondile yi-camshaft (fuses). Ngempela, konke kuncike endaweni yabo elinganiselwe. Ezinjinini zokuqala ezine-stroke, ama-valve afakwa ohlangothini, ekhanda phezulu, ohlangothini lwesilinda. Khona-ke zaziqhutshwa ngokuqondile yi-camshaft, yona ngokwayo eyayiseduze ne-axis crankshaft.
Igesi enikwe amandla, eyethulwa eMilan ngo-2007, isithuthuthu esiyisibonelo esifakwe injini yokuhlola i-valve eseceleni. Isixazululo esilula kakhulu nesihlangene esisikhumbuza isikhathi esedlule esinezithuthuthu ezincane noma ezingenaso nhlobo kusukela u-Harley Flathead wama nse ngo-1951.
Ukusuka kuma-side flaps kuya phezulu ...
Uhlelo, olulula kakhulu, lwalunobubi begumbi elivuthayo "elisontekile", njengoba ama-valve afika eduze kwesilinda. Lokhu kuthinteke ekusebenzeni kwenjini futhi ama-valve aholayo afakwa ngokushesha. Leli gama livela ekuhumusheni, njengoba ikhanda le-cylinder libizwa ngokuthi "ikhanda" ngezilimi eziningi zakwamanye amazwe: isibonelo, isiNgisi, isiJalimane, isiNtaliyane. Ngokucaciswa, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngokuqondile kuma-crankcases, ungabona isifinyezo sesiNgisi esithi "OHV", okusho ukuthi "Ama-Valves ekhanda", ama-valve ekhanda. Igama elithi acronym manje seliphelelwe yisikhathi, elitholakala kuphela kumshini wokugunda utshani njengendawo yokuthengisa ...
Ingenza kangcono...
Ngakho-ke, ukwenza igumbi elivuthayo lihlangane kakhudlwana, amavalvu ayetshekiswa ukuze abuyiselwe endaweni eqondile yesilinda nepiston. Bese sikhuluma ngezinjini "fuck". Ukushiswa kwandise ukusebenza kahle. Nokho, njengoba i-camshaft yayihlala endaweni efanayo, kwadingeka kufakwe izinduku ezinde ukuze kusetshenziswe amavalvu, bese kudingeka kufakwe ama-rocker (ama-scalmer) ukuze kuhlehliswe ukuya phezulu kwamakhamera ngokucindezela okwehlisa amavalvu.
Esikhathini esikude kakhulu esidlule, lolu hlobo lokusabalala belusasetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ezithuthuthu zesiNgisi (60s-70s) kanye nesiNtaliyane (Moto Guzzi).
OHV bese kuba OHC
Isixazululo esisodwa se-ACT (head camshaft) sisafaneleka kahle kumasilinda angawodwa angagijimi ngesivinini esiphezulu, njenge-650 XR lapha.
Kodwa-ke, isisindo nenombolo yezingxenye ezihambayo ziye zaphinda kabili umonakalo ekufuneni amandla. Ngempela, lapho ama-valve evuleka futhi evala ngokushesha, angahlala isikhathi eside evulekile, okunomthelela ekugcwalisweni kwenjini, yingakho i-torque namandla ayo. Ngokufanayo, lapho injini igijima ngokushesha, ihlinzeka "ukuqhuma" okwengeziwe futhi, ngakho-ke, inamandla kakhulu. Kodwa inqwaba, isitha sokusheshisa, lezi zinhlelo ezinzima neziyinkimbinkimbi kwakungenakwenzeka ukuthi ziphumelele phambili naphambili. Eqinisweni, sasinombono wokuphakamisa i-camshaft ekhanda le-cylinder (ekhanda kanje ...) ukuze kuqedwe iziqu ze-rocker ezinde nezisindayo. NgesiNgisi sikhuluma nge-"Inverted camshaft", ebhalwe kafushane yi-OHC. Ubuchwepheshe ekugcineni busesikhathini samanje njengoba i-Honda (kanye ne-Aprilia) besayisebenzisa ngokungaguquki, ngokushintshwa okuthile okubizwa nge- "Unicam".
Unik
I-Unicam yakwaHonda inoMTHETHO owodwa kuphela olawula ngokuqondile ama-valve okungenisa, kuyilapho ama-valve e-exhaust amancane, ngakho-ke alula asebenzisa ama-slope.
Ngesonto elizayo sizobhekisisa i-double ACT ...
Ibhokisi: Iyini i-Valve Panic?
Lesi sigameko sifaniswa nokwenzeka lapho ibutho liwela ibhuloho. I-cadence ijabulisa isakhiwo sebhuloho ngesivinini esihambisana nemodi yalo yokukhala. Lokhu kuholela ekuhambeni okubanzi kakhulu kwebhuloho futhi, ekugcineni, ukubhujiswa kwalo. Kuyafana nokusabalalisa. Lapho imvamisa ye-excitation ye-camshaft ifinyelela imvamisa ye-valve yokuvula nokuvala indlela, uhlelo luthola impendulo. Lokhu bese kuholela ekunyakazeni kwamavalvu okungalawuleki okungasalandeli iphrofayili ye-camshaft. Eqinisweni, azisavali lapho ipiston iphakama ... futhi i-bing, ishaya, okwenza injini idilike. Lapho ingaphansi kwesisindo sokusabalalisa, iyanda imvamisa ye-resonant yayo futhi ngaleyo ndlela isuka kude nesivinini senjini (okungukuthi isivinini ekwazi ukuzungezisa ngaso). I-CQFD.
