I-working brake mechanism. Ihlelwa kanjani nokuthi isebenza kanjani

Sesivele sibhale ngokujwayelekile, yiziphi izinkinga ezingase ziphakame ngakho, nokuthi ungazibona kanjani izinkinga ezingenzeka ngamabhuleki. Manje ake sikhulume kancane mayelana nesici esibalulekile sohlelo njenge-actuator nengxenye yayo eyinhloko - isilinda esisebenzayo.

Okuncane mayelana namabhuleki ngokujwayelekile kanye nendima yesilinda sesigqila ekusetshenzisweni kwe-braking

Cishe kunoma iyiphi imoto yabagibeli, i-executive brake mechanism icushwe nge-hydraulically. Ngefomu elenziwe lula, inqubo yokubhuleka imi kanje.

Unyawo lucindezela ibhuleki (3). Ipusher (4) exhunywe ku-pedal ishukumisa isilinda esikhulu sebhuleki (GTZ) (6). I-piston yayo iyanwebeka futhi iphushe uketshezi lwebhuleki emigqeni (9, 10) yesistimu ye-hydraulic. Ngenxa yokuthi uketshezi alucindezeli nhlobo, ingcindezi idluliselwa ngokushesha kumasilinda wesondo (osebenzayo) (2, 8), futhi ama-piston awo aqala ukunyakaza.

Yisilinda esisebenzayo esinepiston esisebenza ngqo ku-actuator. Ngenxa yalokho, amaphedi (1, 7) acindezelwa ku-disc noma isigubhu, okwenza isondo liphuke.

Ukukhulula i-pedal kuholela ekwehleni kwengcindezi ohlelweni, ama-pistons athuthela kumasilinda, futhi ama-pads asuka kude ne-disc (isigubhu) ngenxa yemithombo yokubuya.

Ukunciphisa kakhulu amandla adingekayo okucindezela i-pedal futhi uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu lilonke kuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwe-vacuum booster. Imvamisa kuba yimojula eyodwa ene-GTZ. Kodwa-ke, amanye ama-actuator angama-hydraulic angase angabi nayo iamplifier.

Uhlelo lwe-hydraulic lunikeza ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, ukusabela okusheshayo kwamabhuleki futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kunomklamo olula futhi olula.

Ekuthuthweni kwempahla, uhlelo lwe-pneumatic noma oluhlangene luvame ukusetshenziswa esikhundleni se-hydraulics, nakuba izimiso eziyisisekelo zokusebenza kwayo zifana.

Izinhlobonhlobo zama-hydraulic drive schemes

Ezimotweni zabagibeli, isistimu yamabhuleki imvamisa ihlukaniswe yaba amasekhethi amabili asebenza ngokuzimela asebenza ngokuzimela. Ezimweni eziningi, kusetshenziswa i-GTZ enezigaba ezimbili - empeleni, lawa amasilinda amabili ahlukene ahlanganiswe abe module eyodwa futhi anepusher evamile. Nakuba kunezinhlobo zemishini lapho i-GTZ eyodwa ifakwe khona nge-pedal drive evamile.

I-diagonal ibhekwa njengesikimu esilungile. Kuyo, omunye wama-circuits unesibopho sokubhuleka amasondo angaphambili kwesokunxele nakwesokudla, kanti owesibili usebenza namanye amasondo amabili - nge-diagonally. Yilolu hlelo lokusebenza lwamabhuleki oluvame ukutholakala ezimotweni zabagibeli. Ngezinye izikhathi, ezimotweni ezingemuva, kusetshenziswa ukwakhiwa kwesistimu ehlukile: isifunda esisodwa samasondo angemuva, okwesibili amasondo angaphambili. Kungenzeka futhi ukufaka wonke amasondo amane kusekethe enkulu futhi ngokuhlukana amasondo amabili angaphambili kubhekhaphu.

Kunezinhlelo lapho isondo ngalinye linamasilinda asebenzayo amabili noma amathathu.

Noma ngabe kunjalo, ukuba khona kwamasekethe we-hydraulic ahlukene asebenza ngokuzimela kukhulisa ukwehluleka ukuphepha kwamabhuleki futhi kwenza ukushayela kuphephe, ngoba uma omunye wamasekethe ehluleka (isibonelo, ngenxa yokuvuza kwe-brake fluid), owesibili uzokwenza kungenzeka ukumisa imoto. Noma kunjalo, ukusebenza kahle kwe-braking kuncishisiwe kuleli cala, ngakho-ke, akufanele kubambezeleke ukulungisa lesi simo.

Izici zokuklama zezindlela zamabhuleki

Ezimotweni zabagibeli, kusetshenziswa ama-activator friction, futhi ukubhuleka kwenziwa ngenxa yokungqubuzana kwamaphedi ngokumelene ne-disc noma ingaphakathi lesigubhu sebhuleki.

Kumasondo angaphambili, kusetshenziswa izindlela zohlobo lwediski. I-caliper, efakwe kwi-knuckle yokuqondisa, ibamba isilinda esisodwa noma ezimbili, kanye nama-brake pads.

Kubukeka njengesilinda esisebenzayo se-disc brake mechanism.

Ngesikhathi sokubhuleka, umfutho we-fluid uphusha ama-piston ngaphandle kwamasilinda. Ngokuvamile ama-piston asebenza ngokuqondile kuma-pads, nakuba kunemiklamo enomshini okhethekile wokudlulisa.

I-caliper, efana nebakaki ngesimo, yenziwe ngensimbi ekhonjiwe noma i-aluminium. Kweminye imiklamo iyalungiswa, kwezinye iselula. Enguqulweni yokuqala, amasilinda amabili afakwa kuwo, futhi ama-pads acindezelwa ngokumelene ne-brake disc ngamapiston ezinhlangothini zombili. I-caliper ehambayo ingahamba eduze kweziqondiso futhi inesilinda esisodwa esisebenzayo. Kulo mklamo, ama-hydraulics empeleni alawula i-piston kuphela, kodwa futhi ne-caliper.

Inguqulo egudlukayo ihlinzeka ngokuguga okwengeziwe kwezingqimba zokushayisana kanye negebe eliqhubekayo phakathi kwediski nephedi, kodwa umklamo we-static caliper unikeza ukubhuleka okungcono.

I-actuator yohlobo lwesigubhu, evame ukusetshenziselwa amasondo angemuva, ihlelwe ngendlela ehlukile.

Amasilinda asebenzayo nawo ahlukile lapha. Anama-piston amabili anamapusha ensimbi. Ukuvala ama-cuffs nama-anthers kuvimbela ukungena komoya kanye nezinhlayiya zangaphandle kusilinda futhi kuvimbele ukuguga kwayo ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ukufakwa okukhethekile kusetshenziselwa ukopha umoya lapho upompa ama-hydraulic.

Engxenyeni emaphakathi yengxenye kukhona i-cavity, ngesikhathi sokubhuleka igcwele uketshezi. Ngenxa yalokho, ama-pistons aphushwa ngaphandle kwemikhawulo ehlukene yesilinda futhi afake ingcindezi kuma-brake pads. Lezo zicindezelwa kusigubhu esizungezayo ukusuka ngaphakathi, okwenza isondo lihambe kancane.

Kwamanye amamodeli emishini, ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwamabhuleki ezigubhu, amasilinda amabili asebenzayo afakiwe ekwakhiweni kwawo.

ukuhlola

Ukucindezela okuthambile kakhulu noma ukwehluleka kwe-brake pedal kungenzeka ngenxa yokucindezeleka kwesistimu ye-hydraulic noma ukuba khona kwamabhamuza omoya kuwo. Iphutha le-GTZ alinakugwenywa kulesi simo.

Ukuqina kokuqina kwe-pedal kubonisa ukwehluleka kwe-vacuum booster.

Ezinye izimpawu ezingaqondile zisivumela ukuthi siphethe ngokuthi ama-actuator amasondo awasebenzi kahle.

Uma imoto skid ngesikhathi braking, kungenzeka ukuthi piston isilinda ukusebenza kwelinye lamasondo is bavaleleke. Uma ibhajwe endaweni enwetshiwe, ingacindezela iphedi ibhekane nediski, okubangele ukubhuleka unomphela kwesondo. Lapho-ke imoto enyakazayo ingaholela eceleni, amathayi aguge ngendlela engalingani, nokudlidliza kuzwakala esiteringini. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukubanjwa kwepiston kwesinye isikhathi kungabangelwa amaphedi agqokwe kakhulu.

Ungazama ukubuyisela isilinda esisebenzayo esingalungile, isibonelo, usebenzisa ikhithi yokulungisa efanele. Uma lokhu kungenakwenzeka, khona-ke udinga ukuthenga ingxenye entsha efana nemodeli yemoto yakho. Isitolo se-inthanethi samaShayina sinokukhethwa okukhulu kwezimoto zamaShayina, kanye nezingxenye zezimoto ezenziwe eYurophu.