Amabhuleki esigubhu. Ziyini futhi siyini isimiso sokusebenza

Amabhuleki abalulekile ekuphepheni kwanoma iyiphi imoto. Futhi-ke, kuwo wonke umshayeli, ulwazi mayelana nesakhiwo kanye nezici ezihlukahlukene zokusebenza kwesistimu ye-braking ngeke kube yinto engafaneleki. Nakuba sesivele sikhulume ngalesi sihloko izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa, isibonelo, sizobuyela kuso futhi. Kulokhu sizobhekisisa ukusebenza kwesistimu yebhuleki yohlobo lwesigubhu futhi, ikakhulukazi, sizonaka isigubhu samabhuleki ngokwaso.

Kafushane ngendaba

Umlando wamabhuleki ezigubhu ngendlela yawo yesimanje uhlehlela emuva eminyakeni eyikhulu. Umdali wabo ngumFulentshi uLouis Renault.

Ekuqaleni, basebenza kuphela ngenxa yomakhenikha. Kodwa eminyakeni engamashumi amabili yekhulu elidlule, ukusungulwa konjiniyela waseNgilandi uMalcolm Lowhead kwasiza - idrayivu ye-hydraulic.

Kwabe sekuvela i-vacuum booster, kwase kwengezwa isilinda esinamapiston ekwakhiweni kwebhuleki lesigubhu. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, amabhuleki ohlobo lwe-drum aye aqhubeka ethuthuka, kodwa izimiso eziyisisekelo zokusebenza kwawo zigcinwe kuze kube yilolu suku.

Ngokushesha ngemva kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili, ama-disc brakes avela, anezinzuzo eziningana - alula futhi apholile, awancikile ekushiseni, kulula ukuwagcina.

Nokho, amabhuleki ezigubhu akuyona into yesikhathi esidlule. Ngenxa yekhono lokufinyelela amandla okubhuleka abalulekile, asasetshenziswa ngempumelelo emalolini nasemabhasini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zilungele kakhulu ukuhlela ibhuleki yokupaka.

Ngakho-ke, amabhuleki ohlobo lwesigubhu abekwa emasondweni angemuva ezimotweni eziningi zabagibeli. Abuye angabizi kakhulu, anomshini olula, futhi umklamo ovaliwe unikeza isivikelo ekungcoleni nasemanzini.

Yiqiniso, kukhona futhi nezinkinga - i-actuator yesigubhu isebenza kancane kune-disk eyodwa, ayinawo umoya okwanele, futhi ukushisa ngokweqile kungaholela ekuguqulweni kwesigubhu.

Izici zokuklama zamabhuleki ezigubhu

Isilinda samasondo (esisebenzayo), isilawuli sebhuleki kanye nezicathulo zamabhuleki zibekwe phezu kwesihlangu esingaguquki sokusekela, lapho kunwetshwa khona iziphethu ezibuya phezulu neziphansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona i-lever ye-brake yokupaka. Ngokuvamile, ibhuleki yokupaka iqhutshwa yikhebula lensimbi elixhunywe ekugcineni okuphansi kwe-lever. Idrayivu ye-hydraulic yokuvula ibhuleki lesandla ayivamisile ukusetshenziswa.

Uma i-pedal yebhuleki icindezelekile, ingcindezi iyanda kuma-hydraulics wesistimu yamabhuleki. I-brake fluid igcwalisa imbobo engxenyeni emaphakathi yesilinda bese iphusha amaphistoni aphume kuyo esuka ezindaweni eziphambene.

Ama-piston pusher ensimbi acindezela amaphedi, ewacindezela endaweni engaphakathi yesigubhu esijikelezayo. Ngenxa yokungqubuzana, ukujikeleza kwesondo kunciphisa ijubane. Lapho i-pedal yebhuleki ikhululwa, iziphethu ezibuyayo zisusa izicathulo kude nesigubhu.

Uma kufakwa ibhuleki lesandla, ikhebula liyadonsa futhi liphendule i-lever. Uphusha ama-pads, okuthi ngama-friction linings acindezelwe esigubhu, avimbe amasondo. Phakathi kwezicathulo ze-brake kukhona ibha ekhethekile yokwandisa, esetshenziswa njenge-automatic parking brake adjuster.

Izimoto ezinamabhuleki e-disc emasondweni angemuva zibuye zifakwe ibhuleki lokupaka elihlukile lohlobo lwesigubhu. Ukuze ugweme ukunamathela noma ukubanda kwamaphedi esigubhu, ungayishiyi imoto isikhathi eside nebhuleki lesandla libambisene.

Okuningi mayelana nezigubhu

Isigubhu siyingxenye ejikelezayo ye-brake mechanism. Ifakwe ku-axle yangemuva noma kuhabhu lamasondo. Isondo ngokwalo lihlanganiswe nesigubhu, esizungeza kanjalo naso.

Isigubhu sebhuleki siyisilinda esingenalutho esine-flange, esenziwe, njengomthetho, ngensimbi ecijile, engaphansi kwe-alloy esekelwe ku-aluminium. Ukuze uthembeke kakhulu, umkhiqizo ungase ube nezimbambo eziqinisayo ngaphandle. Kukhona futhi izigubhu ezihlanganisiwe, lapho isilinda siyinsimbi ekhonjiwe, futhi i-flange yenziwe ngensimbi. Baye bakhulisa amandla uma kuqhathaniswa nabalingisi, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwabo kulinganiselwe ngenxa yezindleko zabo eziphakeme.

Ezimweni eziningi, indawo yokusebenza ingaphakathi le-cylinder. Okuhlukile izigubhu zamabhuleki okupaka zamaloli asindayo. Zibekwe ku-cardan shaft, futhi ama-pads angaphandle. Esimeni esiphuthumayo, angasebenza njengohlelo lokubhuleka oluyisipele.

Ukuze ama-friction pads ama-pads avumelane ngokuqinile ngangokunokwenzeka futhi anikeze ukubhuleka okuphumelelayo, indawo yokusebenza yesilinda icutshungulwa ngokucophelela.

Ukuqeda ama-beats ngesikhathi sokujikeleza, umkhiqizo ulinganisela. Ngale njongo, ama-grooves ayenziwa ezindaweni ezithile noma izisindo zinamathiselwe. I-flange ingase ibe idiski eqinile noma ibe nembobo phakathi nendawo yehabhu lamasondo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulungisa isigubhu kanye nesondo kuhabhu, i-flange inezimbobo ezikhulayo zamabhawodi nama-studs. Izigubhu zohlobo olujwayelekile zifakwa kuhabhu.

Kodwa-ke, ngezikhathi ezithile kunemiklamo lapho ihabhu liyingxenye ebalulekile. Kulokhu, ingxenye igibele i-axle, Ngaphambili kwe-axle yezimoto, ama-actuator ohlobo lwesigubhu awakasetshenziswa isikhathi eside, kodwa asafakwe emasondweni angemuva, awahlanganise ngokwesakhiwo nebhuleki lokupaka. Kodwa ezimotweni ezinkulu, kusagcwele ama-drum brakes.

Lokhu kuchazwa kalula - ngokwandisa ububanzi nobubanzi be-cylinder, futhi ngenxa yalokho, indawo yezindawo zokungqubuzana zamaphedi nesigubhu, ungawandisa kakhulu amandla amabhuleki.

Kuyacaca ukuthi endabeni yeloli elisindayo noma ibhasi labagibeli, umsebenzi wokubhuleka ophumelelayo ubalulekile, futhi wonke amanye ama-nuances wesistimu yokubhuleka ayingxenye yesibili. Ngakho-ke, izigubhu zamabhuleki zamaloli zivame ukuba nobubanzi obungaphezu kwesigamu semitha, futhi zinesisindo esingama-30-50 kg noma ngaphezulu.

Izinkinga ezingenzeka, ukukhetha kanye nokushintshwa kwezigubhu

1. I-Braking ayisebenzi kahle, ibanga lokubhuleka liye landa.

2. Imoto idlidliza kakhulu ngesikhathi ibhuleka.

3. Ukushaya kuzwakala esiteringini nakwi-brake pedal.

4. Umsindo oklabalasayo noma ogayayo lapho ubhuleka.

Uma uhlangabezana nalezi zimpawu, bheka amabhuleki akho angemuva ngokushesha futhi ikakhulukazi isimo sezigubhu.

Imifantu

I-Cast iron, okuvame ukwakhiwa ngayo izigubhu, iqinile kakhulu, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo insimbi eqinile. Ukushayela budedengu, ikakhulukazi emigwaqweni emibi, kunomthelela ekubonakaleni kwemifantu kuyo.

Kunesinye isizathu sokwenzeka kwazo. Imithwalo ehlala njalo nezikhawu kanye nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa okungazelelwe okuwuphawu lwamabhuleki ezigubhu kubangela into ebizwa ngokuthi ukukhathala kwezinto ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Kulokhu, ama-microcracks angase avele ngaphakathi kwensimbi, okuthi ngemva kwesikhashana ikhule kakhulu ngosayizi.Uma isigubhu siqhekekile, kufanele sishintshwe. Azikho izinketho.

Ukuguquguquka

Esinye isizathu sokushintsha isigubhu ukuphulwa kwejometri. Uma umkhiqizo wealloy we-aluminium usonta ngenxa yokushisa ngokweqile noma umthelela onamandla, usengazama ukuwuqondisa. Kepha ngengxenye yensimbi, akukho ukukhetha - ukushintshwa kuphela.

Indawo yokusebenza egugile

Noma yisiphi isigubhu singaphansi kokugqoka kwemvelo kancane kancane. Ngokugqokwa komfaniswano, ububanzi bangaphakathi buyanda, amaphedi acindezelwa endaweni esebenza kakhulu, okusho ukuthi ukusebenza kahle kwamabhuleki kuyancipha.

Kwezinye izimo, indawo yokusebenza igqoka ngokungalingani, kungase kuthathe uhlobo lwe-oval, imihuzuko, ama-grooves, ama-chips nezinye iziphambeko. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokungaqini kahle kwamaphedi, ukungena kwezinto eziqinile zangaphandle kumshini wokubhuleka, isibonelo, amatshe, nezinye izizathu.

Uma ukujula kwama-grooves noma imihuzuko kungu-2 mm noma ngaphezulu, khona-ke isigubhu kuzodingeka sishintshwe esisha. Amaphutha angajulile angazama ukuqedwa ngosizo lwe-groove.

Mayelana ne-groove

Ukuze wenze i-groove, uzodinga i-lathe kanye nesipiliyoni esibucayi kakhulu sokusebenza kuso. Ngakho-ke, ngomsebenzi onjalo, kungcono ukuthola i-turner professional Okokuqala, cishe u-0,5 mm wendawo yokusebenza uyasuswa.

Ngemuva kwalokho, ukuhlolwa okuphelele nokuhlolwa kokungenzeka kokuqhubeka nokuphenduka kuyenziwa. Kwezinye izimo, kungase kuvele ukuthi asikho isidingo sokuqhubeka.

Uma izinga lokugqoka lingelikhulu kakhulu, khona-ke cishe u-0,2 ... 0,3 mm uyasuswa ukuze kulungiswe amaphutha akhona. Umsebenzi uqedwa ngokupholishwa kusetshenziswa unamathisele okhethekile wokugaya.

Ukukhetha esikhundleni

Uma isigubhu sidinga ukushintshwa, khetha ngokuya ngemodeli yemoto yakho. Kungcono ukuhlola inombolo yekhathalogi. Izingxenye zinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, ziyahlukahluka ebukhoneni, inombolo kanye nendawo yezimbobo ezifakwayo.

Ngisho nomehluko omncane kusukela ekuqaleni kungase kubangele ukuthi amabhuleki angasebenzi kahle noma angasebenzi nhlobo ngemva kokufaka isigubhu.

Gwema ukuthenga imikhiqizo kubakhiqizi abangaziwa kubathengisi abangabazisayo ukuze ungagcini usukhokha kabili. Ezisezingeni eliphezulu zingathengwa esitolo se-inthanethi saseShayina.

Ezimotweni zabagibeli, zombili izigubhu ku-asi yangemuva kufanele zishintshwe ngesikhathi esisodwa. Futhi ungakhohlwa ukwenza izinguquko ezidingekayo ngemva kokufakwa.