Ihlola ukucindezelwa kwamasilinda enjini

Izinjini zesimanje zezimoto zithembeke kakhulu futhi ezandleni ezinakekelayo ziyakwazi ukusebenza ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu ngaphandle kokulungiswa okukhulu. Kodwa ngokushesha noma kamuva, ukusebenza kweyunithi yamandla kuyeka ukungabi nasici, kunezinkinga ngokuqala, ukwehla kwamandla, nokwanda kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kanye nokugcotshwa kwamafutha. Ingabe yisikhathi sokuvuselela? Noma mhlawumbe akukona ukuthi sina? Isikhathi sokukala ukucindezelwa kwamasilinda enjini. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi uhlole impilo yenjini yakho ngaphandle kokuyiqaqa, futhi unqume nezilonda ezingase zibe khona. Futhi-ke, mhlawumbe, kuzokwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kokulungiswa okukhulu, ukuzikhawulela ekukhipheni ikhabhoni noma ukufaka esikhundleni sezingxenye ngazinye.

Okubizwa ngokuthi ukucindezelwa

Ukucindezela ukucindezela okukhulu kusilinda ngesikhathi sokunyakaza kwepiston kuya ku-TDC ekucindezelekeni kohlangothi. Isilinganiso sawo senziwa ngesikhathi sokuvala injini ngesiqalisi.

Ngokushesha, siyaqaphela ukuthi ukucindezela akufani nhlobo nezinga lokucindezelwa. Lena imiqondo ehluke ngokuphelele. Isilinganiso sokucindezela isilinganiso sevolumu yevolumu yesilinda esisodwa kuvolumu yegumbi elivuthayo, okungukuthi, leyo ngxenye yesilinda ehlala ngaphezu kobuso bepiston lapho ifika ku-TDC. Ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi i-compression ratio ikuphi.

Njengoba ukucindezela kuwukucindezela, inani layo likalwa ngamayunithi afanelekile. Oomakhenikha abazenzakalelayo bavamise ukusebenzisa amayunithi afana nesimo sobuchwepheshe (at), ibha, ne-megapascal (MPa). Isilinganiso sabo sithi:

1 at = 0,98 ibha;

Ibha engu-1 = 0,1 MPa

Ukuze uthole ulwazi mayelana nokuthi yini okufanele kube ukuminyanisa okuvamile enjinini yemoto yakho, bheka imibhalo yezobuchwepheshe. Inani layo lezinombolo elilinganiselwe lingatholwa ngokuphindaphinda isilinganiso sokucindezela ngesici esingu-1,2 ... 1,3. Okusho ukuthi, kumayunithi anesilinganiso sokucindezela esingu-10 nangaphezulu, ukucindezela kufanele ngokuvamile kube ngu-12 ... 14 bar (1,2 ... 1,4 MPa), kanye nezinjini ezine-compression ratio ye-8 ... 9 - cishe 10 ... 11 ibha.

Ezinjinini zedizili, kufanele kusetshenziswe i-coefficient engu-1,7 ... 2,0, futhi inani lokucindezela lingaba kububanzi obusuka ku-30 ​​... amabha angama-35 wamayunithi amadala ukuya ku-40 ... amabha angama-45 wanamuhla.

Indlela yokukala

Abanikazi bezimoto ezinenjini kaphethiloli bangase bazilinganisele ngokwabo ukucindezela. Izilinganiso zithathwa kusetshenziswa idivayisi ebizwa ngokuthi i-compression gauge. Kuyi-manometer enephuzu elikhethekile kanye ne-valve yokuhlola evumela ukuthi urekhode inani lokucindezela elilinganisiwe.

Ithiphu ingaba lukhuni noma ibe ne-hose eyengeziwe eguquguqukayo eyenzelwe ukucindezela okuphezulu. Amathiphu ayizinhlobo ezimbili - intambo ne-clamping. I-threaded ifakwe esikhundleni sekhandlela futhi ikuvumela ukuthi wenze ngaphandle komsizi enqubweni yokulinganisa. Irabha lapho kukala kuyodingeka icindezelwe ngokuqinile embotsheni yekhandlela. Okukodwa noma kokubili kungafakwa negeji yokucindezela. Lokhu kufanele kucatshangelwe uma unquma ukuthenga idivayisi enjalo.

Igauji yokucindezela elula ingathengwa ngentengo engabizi kakhulu. Amadivayisi abiza kakhulu angenisiwe afakwe isethi yonke yama-adaptha avumela izilinganiso kunoma iyiphi injini yanoma yimuphi umkhiqizi.

Ama-compressographs abiza kakhulu, angavumeli kuphela ukuthatha izilinganiso, kodwa futhi ukurekhoda imiphumela etholiwe ukuze kuhlaziywe okwengeziwe isimo seqembu le-cylinder-piston (CPG) ngesimo sokushintsha kwengcindezi. Imishini enjalo ihloselwe ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa kochwepheshe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona amadivaysi e-elekthronikhi wokuhlola injini eyinkimbinkimbi - okuthiwa abahloli bezimoto. Zingaphinda zisetshenziselwe ukuhlola ukucindezelwa ngokungaqondile ngokurekhoda izinguquko ku-starter current ngesikhathi sokunyakaziswa okungenzi lutho kwenjini.

Okokugcina, ungenza ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokulinganisa amathuluzi futhi cishe ulinganise ukucindezelwa mathupha ngokuqhathanisa amandla adingekayo ukuze ukhrenke i-crankshaft.

Ukuze usebenzise amayunithi edizili, uzodinga igeji yokucindezela eklanyelwe ukucindezela okuphezulu, njengoba ukucindezela kwabo kuphezulu kakhulu kunophethiloli. Imishini enjalo iyatholakala ngokwentengiso, nokho, ukuze uthathe izilinganiso, uzodinga ukuqaqa amapulaki akhanyayo noma imibhobho. Lokhu akuwona umsebenzi olula njalo odinga amathuluzi akhethekile namakhono. Cishe kulula futhi kushibhile kubanikazi bedizili ukushiya izilinganiso kochwepheshe besevisi.

Incazelo yesandla (elinganiselwe) yokuminyanisa

Uzodinga ukukhipha isondo futhi ususe wonke amakhandlela, ushiye kuphela isilinda sokuqala. Bese udinga ukuphendula i-crankshaft mathupha kuze kube sekupheleni kokucindezelwa kwe-stroke kusilinda 1, lapho ipiston yayo iku-TDC.

Yenza okufanayo kuwo wonke amasilinda. Ngaso sonke isikhathi, kufanele kufakwe i-spark plug yesilinda esihlolwayo kuphela. Uma kwezinye izimo amandla adingekayo ukuze ujike abe mancane, khona-ke lesi silinda siyinkinga, ngoba ukucindezela kuwo kuphansi kunakwabanye.

Kuyacaca ukuthi indlela enjalo incike kakhulu futhi akufanele uthembele kuyo ngokuphelele. Ukusetshenziswa komhloli wokucindezela kuzonikeza imiphumela yenhloso eyengeziwe futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzonciphisa umbuthano wabasolwa.

Ukulungiselela ukulinganisa

Qiniseka ukuthi ibhethri isesimweni esihle futhi ishajwe ngokugcwele. Ibhethri elifile linganciphisa ukucindezelwa ngo-1 ... 2 ibha.

Isihlungi somoya esivalekile singaphazamisa kakhulu imiphumela yokulinganisa, ngakho-ke sihlole bese usishintsha uma kunesidingo.

Injini kufanele ifudumale ngaphambi kokufika kumodi yokusebenza.

Vala ukunikezwa kukaphethiloli kumasilinda nganoma iyiphi indlela, isibonelo, susa amandla kuma-injection, cisha iphampu yamafutha ngokukhipha ama-fuses afanelekile noma ama-relay. Empompini yamafutha emishini, nqamula futhi uxhume ipayipi uphethiloli ongena ngalo.

Susa wonke amakhandlela. Abanye bakhulula okukodwa kuphela, kodwa umphumela onesilinganiso esinjalo ngeke unembile.

I-lever yokuhambisa imanuwali kufanele ibe sesimweni sokungathathi hlangothi, uma ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo kuku-P (Parking). Qinisa ibhuleki lesandla.

Ku-cylinder ngayinye, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthatha izilinganiso kokubili nge-damper evuliwe (nge-gas pedal ecindezelekile ngokugcwele) futhi ivaliwe (i-pedal yegesi ayicindezelwe). Amanani aphelele atholwe kuzo zombili izimo, kanye nokuqhathaniswa kwawo, azosiza ukukhomba ngokunembe kakhudlwana ukungasebenzi kahle.

Uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Compressometer

Skriva ithiphu ledivayisi yokulinganisa embotsheni ye-spark plug yesilinda sokuqala.

Ukuze ulinganise nge-damper evulekile, udinga ukuvula i-crankshaft nge-starter imizuzwana engu-3 ... 4, ucindezela igesi yonke indlela. Uma idivayisi yakho inethiphu yokubopha, kusho ukuthi umsizi ubalulekile.

Bheka futhi urekhode ukufundwa okuqoshwe idivayisi.

Khipha umoya kugeji yokucindezela.

Thatha izilinganiso zawo wonke amasilinda. Uma kunoma yikuphi ukufundwa kwehluka kokujwayelekile, thatha lesi silinganiso futhi ukuze uqede iphutha elingenzeka.

Ngaphambi kokuqala izilinganiso ngesibambisi se-damper sivaliwe, faka i-spark plugs bese uqala injini ukuze uyivumele ifudumale, ngesikhathi esifanayo gcwalisa kabusha ibhethri. Manje yenza konke njengokungathi nge-damper evulekile, kodwa ngaphandle kokucindezela igesi.

Ukulinganisa ngaphandle kokufudumala injini

Uma kunezinkinga zokuqalisa injini, kufanelekile ukulinganisa ukucindezela ngaphandle kokushisa kuqala. Uma kukhona ukuguga okungathí sina ezingxenyeni ze-CPG noma izindandatho zibambekile, khona-ke ukucindezela kusilinda ngesikhathi sokulinganisa "okubandayo" kungehla cishe ngesigamu senani elivamile. Ngemva kokufudumala injini, izokhula ngokuphawulekayo futhi ingase isondele ngisho nangokwejwayelekile. Futhi-ke iphutha liyobe lingabonwa.

Ukuhlaziywa kwemiphumela

Izilinganiso ezithathwe nge-valve evulekile zisiza ukubona umonakalo omkhulu, njengoba umjovo womthamo omkhulu womoya ku-cylinder ungaphezu kokuvala ukuvuza okungenzeka ngenxa yokukhubazeka. Ngenxa yalokho, ukwehla kwengcindezi ehlobene nokujwayelekile ngeke kube kukhulu kakhulu. Ngakho ungakwazi ukubala i-piston ephukile noma ephukile, izindandatho eziphekiwe, i-valve eshisiwe.

Lapho i-damper ivaliwe, kunomoya omncane ku-cylinder futhi ukucindezela kuzoba phansi. Khona-ke ngisho nokuvuza okuncane kuzonciphisa kakhulu ukucindezela. Lokhu kungadalula ukukhubazeka okucashile okuhlobene namaringi nama-valve e-piston, kanye nendlela yokuphakamisa ama-valve.

Isheke elilula elengeziwe lizosiza ukucacisa ukuthi umthombo wenkinga ukuphi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa amafutha amancane (cishe 10 ... 15 ml) ezindongeni zesilinda esiyinkinga ukuze i-lubricant ivale ukuvuza kwegesi okungenzeka phakathi kwepiston nodonga lwesilinda. Manje udinga ukuphinda ukukala kwalesi silinda.

Ukuminyanisa okwenyuka ngokuphawulekayo kuzobonisa ukuvuza ngenxa yamasongo episton agugile noma abhajwe noma imihuzuko odongeni lwangaphakathi lwesilinda.

Ukungabikho kwezinguquko kusho ukuthi ama-valve awavali ngokuphelele futhi adinga ukulashwa noma ukushintshwa.

Uma ukufundwa kwanda ngenani elincane, izindandatho nama-valve kufanele asolwe ngesikhathi esifanayo, noma kukhona iphutha ku-gasket yekhanda le-cylinder.  

Lapho kuhlaziywa imiphumela yokulinganisa, kufanele kucatshangelwe ukuthi ukucindezela kumasilinda kuncike ezingeni lokufudumala kwenjini, ukuminyana kwe-lubricant nezinye izici, kanye nezinsimbi zokulinganisa ngokuvamile zinephutha elingaba 2 ... 3 bar. . Ngakho-ke, hhayi kuphela futhi hhayi kakhulu amanani aphelele wokucindezelwa abalulekile, kodwa umehluko kumanani alinganisiwe amasilinda ahlukene.

Uma ukucindezelwa kungaphansi kancane kokujwayelekile, kodwa kumasilinda ngamanye umehluko ungaphakathi kuka-10%, khona-ke kukhona ukugqokwa okufanayo kwe-CPG ngaphandle kokungasebenzi kahle okusobala. Khona-ke izizathu zokusebenza okungavamile kweyunithi kufanele zifunwe kwezinye izindawo - isistimu yokuthungela, ama-nozzles nezinye izingxenye.

Ukucindezelwa okuphansi kwelinye lamasilinda kubonisa ukungasebenzi kahle okudinga ukulungiswa.

Uma lokhu kubonakala kumasilinda angomakhelwane, khona-ke kungenzeka.

Ithebula elilandelayo lizosiza ukukhomba ukungasebenzi kahle kwenjini kaphethiloli ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yezilinganiso nezimpawu ezengeziwe.

Kwezinye izimo, imiphumela etholiwe ingase ibonakale ingenangqondo, kodwa konke kungachazwa. Uma injini yeminyaka eqinile inokucindezela okuphezulu, akufanele uphethe ngokuthi ihlelekile futhi akukho lutho lokukhathazeka ngakho. Iphuzu lingase libe inani elibalulekile le-soot, elinciphisa umthamo wekamelo elivuthayo. Ngakho-ke ukwanda kwengcindezi.

Uma ukuncishiswa kokucindezela kungekukhulu kakhulu futhi impilo yesevisi evamile yenjini ingakafinyelelwa, ungazama ukukwenza, bese uthatha izilinganiso futhi emasontweni ambalwa ngemva kwalokho. Uma isimo sithuthuka, khona-ke ungakwazi ukuphefumula. Kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi yonke into izohlala ifana noma ibe yimbi nakakhulu, bese udinga ukulungiselela - ngokuziphatha nangokwezimali - umhlangano.