Umehluko wemoto. Izinhlobonhlobo nezici zokusebenza

Umehluko uyindlela edlulisa i-torque isuka emthonjeni owodwa iye kubathengi ababili. Isici sayo esiyinhloko yikhono lokusabalalisa kabusha amandla nokuhlinzeka ngesivinini esihlukile se-angular sokuzungezisa abathengi. Emotweni yomgwaqo, lokhu kusho ukuthi, ngokusebenzisa umehluko, amasondo angathola amandla ahlukene futhi ajikeleze ngesivinini esihlukile.

Umehluko uyisici esibalulekile sokudluliswa kwemoto. Ake sizame ukuthola ukuthi kungani.

Kungani ungeke ukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kokuhluka

Ukukhuluma ngokuqinile, ungenza ngaphandle komehluko. Kodwa inqobo nje uma imoto ihamba emzileni ongenasici, ingajiki ndawo, namasondo ayo ayafana futhi aphefumulelwe ngokulinganayo. Ngamanye amazwi, inqobo nje uma wonke amasondo ehamba ibanga elifanayo futhi ejikeleza ngesivinini esifanayo.

Kodwa lapho imoto ingena ejikeni, amasondo kufanele amboze ibanga elihlukile. Ngokusobala, ijika langaphandle lide kunejiko langaphakathi, ngakho amasondo akulo kufanele ajike ngokushesha kunamasondo akujiko langaphakathi. Lapho i-axle ingaholi, namasondo awanciki komunye nomunye, akukho nkinga.

Enye into ibhuloho elihamba phambili. Ukuze uthole ukulawula okuvamile, ukuzungezisa kudluliselwa kuwo womabili amasondo. Ngokuxhumeka kwazo okuqinile, zizoba nesivinini esifanayo se-angular futhi zivame ukumboza ibanga elifanayo ngokushintshana. Ukuphenduka kungaba nzima futhi kungaholela ekusheleleni, ukwanda kokuguga kwamasondo kanye nokucindezeleka ngokweqile ku-. Ingxenye yamandla enjini izoshelela, okusho ukuthi uphethiloli uzomoshakala. Okufanayo, nakuba kungabonakali, kwenzeka kwezinye izimo - lapho ushayela emigwaqweni emibi, imithwalo yamasondo engalingani, ingcindezi yamasondo engalingani, amazinga ahlukene okugqoka amathayi.

Yilapho esiza khona ukuhlenga. Idlulisela ukuzungezisa kuwo womabili ama-axle shafts, kodwa isilinganiso sesivinini esingama-angular sokuzungezisa amasondo singaba ngokunganaki futhi sishintshe ngokushesha kuye ngesimo esithile ngaphandle kokungenelela komshayeli.

Izinhlobo zokuhluka

Umehluko u-symmetrical kanye ne-asymmetrical. Amadivayisi we-Symmetrical adlulisela i-torque efanayo kuwo womabili ama-shafts aqhutshwayo, lapho usebenzisa amadivaysi asymmetric, ama-torque adlulisiwe ahlukile.

Ngokusebenza, okuhlukile kungasetshenziswa njengokuhluka kwamasondo aphakathi kanye ne-inter-axle. I-Interwheel idlulisa i-torque emasondweni e-axle eyodwa. Emotweni edonsa ngamasondo angaphambili, itholakala ku-gearbox, emotweni edonsa ngamasondo angemuva, kuma-axle angemuva.

Emotweni edonsa ngawo wonke amasondo, izindlela zitholakala kuma-crankcases awo womabili ama-axles. Uma idrayivu edonsa ngawo wonke amasondo ingunaphakade, umehluko omaphakathi nawo ufakwa kukesi lokudlulisa. Ishintshashintsha isuka ku-gearbox iye kuwo womabili ama-axle okushayela.

Umehluko we-axle uhlale ulingana, kodwa umehluko we-axle uvame ukuba yi-asymmetrical, amaphesenti ajwayelekile we-torque phakathi kwama-axle angaphambili nangemuva angama-40/60, nakuba angase ahluke. 

Amathuba kanye nendlela yokuvimba inquma esinye isigaba sokuhlukaniswa:

• mahhala (ngaphandle kokuvinjwa);

• ngokubhala ngaphezulu ngesandla;

• nge-auto-lock.

Ukuvimbela kungaba okuphelele noma ingxenye.

Ukuthi umehluko usebenza kanjani nokuthi kungani uwuvimba

Eqinisweni, umehluko uyindlela yohlobo lweplanethi. Kumehluko olula we-symmetrical cross-axle, kukhona amagiya amane e-bevel - ama-semi-axial amabili (1) kanye namasathelayithi amabili (4). Isifunda sisebenza ngesathelayithi eyodwa, kodwa eyesibili yengezwa ukwenza idivayisi ibe namandla. Emalolini nakuma-SUV, amapheya amabili esathelayithi afakiwe.

Inkomishi (umzimba) (5) isebenza njengesithwali samasathelayithi. Igiya elikhulu elishayelwa (2) liqinile liqinile kulo. Ithola i-torque ku-gearbox ngegiya lokugcina (3).

Emgwaqweni oqondile, amasondo, ngakho-ke amasondo awo, azungeza ngesivinini esifanayo se-angular. Amasathelayithi azungeza ama-axle amasondo, kodwa awazungezi izimbazo zawo. Ngakho-ke, azungeza amagiya aseceleni, awanikeze ijubane elifanayo le-angular.

Ekhoneni, isondo ku-arc yangaphakathi (encane) inokumelana nokugoqeka okwengeziwe ngakho-ke liyayibambezela. Njengoba igiya eliseceleni elihambisanayo nalo liqala ukuzungeza kancane, kubangela ukuthi amasathelayithi ajikeleze. Ukuzungezisa kwawo ekseni yawo kuholela ekwandeni kokuphenduka kwegiya ku-axle shaft yesondo langaphandle.  

Isimo esifanayo singavela ezimweni lapho amathayi engabambeki ngokwanele emgwaqeni. Isibonelo, isondo lishaya iqhwa futhi liqala ukushibilika. Umehluko ojwayelekile wamahhala uzodlulisela ukuzungezisa lapho kunokumelana okuncane. Ngenxa yalokho, isondo elishelelayo lizojikeleza ngokushesha, kuyilapho isondo eliphambene lizoma. Ngenxa yalokho, imoto ngeke ikwazi ukuqhubeka ihamba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isithombe ngeke sishintshe ngokuyisisekelo endabeni yokushayela wonke amasondo, ngoba umehluko wesikhungo uzophinde udlulisele wonke amandla lapho uhlangabezana nokuphikiswa okuncane, okungukuthi, ku-axle enesondo elishelelayo. Ngenxa yalokho, ngisho nemoto edonsa ngamasondo amane ingabhajwa uma kushelela isondo elilodwa.

Lesi simo siphazamisa kakhulu amandla obunikazi banoma iyiphi imoto futhi akwamukeleki neze ezimotweni ezingekho emgwaqeni. Ungakwazi ukulungisa isimo ngokuvimbela umehluko.

Izinhlobo zokukhiya

Ukuvinjwa okuphoqelelwe okugcwele

Ungakwazi ukufeza ukuvinjwa okuphelele okwenziwa ngesandla ngokuhlanganisa amasathelayithi ukuze uwaphuce ikhono lokuzungeza i-eksisi yawo. Enye indlela ukufaka inkomishi ehlukile ekuhlanganyeleni okuqinile ne-axle shaft. Womabili amasondo azojikeleza ngesivinini esifanayo se-angular.

Ukuze unike amandla le modi, udinga nje ukucindezela inkinobho kudeshibhodi. Iyunithi yokushayela ingaba ngumshini, i-hydraulic, i-pneumatic noma kagesi. Lesi sikimu silungele kokubili ukuhluka kwe-interwheel naphakathi nendawo. Ungakwazi ukuyivula uma imoto imile, futhi kufanele uyisebenzise ngesivinini esiphansi kuphela uma ushayela ezindaweni ezimbi. Uma ushiye emgwaqeni ojwayelekile, ukukhiya kufanele kuvaliwe, ngaphandle kwalokho ukuphatha kuzoba kubi kakhulu. Ukusebenzisa kabi le modi kungabangela umonakalo ku-axle shaft noma izingxenye ezihlobene.

Okuthakazelisa kakhulu ukuhluka okuzikhiyayo. Azidingi ukungenelela komshayeli futhi zisebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho kuphakama isidingo. Njengoba ukuvinjelwa kumadivayisi anjalo akuphelele, amathuba okulimala kuma-axle shafts aphansi.

Ilokhi yediski (ukungqubuzana).

Lena inguqulo elula kakhulu yomehluko wokuzikhiya. Umshini wengezwa ngeqoqo lama-friction discs. Alingana aqinile komunye nomunye futhi ngeyodwa agxiliswe ngokuqinile komunye wemiphini ye-asi kanye nasenkomishini.

Isakhiwo sonke sizungeza sisonke kuze kube yilapho ijubane lokujikeleza kwamasondo lihluka. Bese kuvela ukungqubuzana phakathi kwamadiski, okuvimbela ukukhula komehluko wesivinini.

ukuhlanganisa i-viscous

I-viscous coupling (i-viscous coupling) inomgomo ofanayo wokusebenza. Lapha kuphela ama-discs ane-perforations afakwe kuwo afakwa ebhokisini elivaliwe, sonke isikhala samahhala esigcwele uketshezi lwe-silicone. Isici sayo esihlukanisayo wushintsho lwe-viscosity ngesikhathi sokuxuba. Njengoba ama-discs ejikeleza ngesivinini esihlukene, uketshezi luyanyakaza, futhi lapho ukuyaluza kushubile, uketshezi luba ne-viscous ngokwengeziwe, lufinyelele cishe esimweni esiqinile. Lapho isivinini sokujikeleza sincipha, i-viscosity yoketshezi yehla ngokushesha futhi umehluko uyavuleka.  

I-viscous coupling inobukhulu obukhulu, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa kaningi njengesengezo esikhungweni esihlukanisayo, futhi kwesinye isikhathi esikhundleni saso, kulokhu kusebenza njengomehluko mbumbulu.

I-viscous coupling inenani lokungalungi okukhawulela kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwayo. Lezi yi-inertia, ukufudumeza okubalulekile nokungahambisani kahle ne-ABS.

Thorsen

Igama livela ku-Torque Sensing, okungukuthi, "i-torque yokubona". Kubhekwa njengenye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokuzikhiya. Lo mshini usebenzisa igiya lezikelemu. Idizayini futhi inezici zokungqubuzana ezidlulisa i-torque lapho ukushelela kwenzeka.

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zale mishini. Ngaphansi kokudonsa komgwaqo okuvamile, izinhlobo ze-T-1 ne-T-2 zisebenza njengokuhluka kohlobo olulinganayo.

Lapho elinye lamasondo lilahlekelwa ukudonsa, i-T-1 iyakwazi ukusabalalisa kabusha i-torque ngesilinganiso sika-2,5 kuya ku-1 kuya ku-6 kuya ku-1 nangaphezulu. Okusho ukuthi, isondo elinokubambelela okuhle kakhulu lizothola i-torque engaphezu kwesondo elishelelayo, ngesilinganiso esicacisiwe. Ezinhlobonhlobo ze-T-2, lesi sibalo siphansi - sisuka ku-1,2 siye ku-1 siye ku-3 siye ku-1, kodwa kukhona ukuhlehla okuncane, ukudlidliza nomsindo.

I-Torsen T-3 ekuqaleni yathuthukiswa njengomehluko we-asymmetric ngezinga lokuvimbela lika-20 ... 30%.

I-QUAIFE

Umehluko we-Quife uqanjwe ngonjiniyela oyiNgisi owakhe lo mshini. Ngokuklama, kungokohlobo lwesikelemu, njengoThorsen. Ihlukile kuyo ngenani lamasathelayithi kanye nokubekwa kwawo. I-Quaife idume kakhulu phakathi kwabathandi bokushuna izimoto.