Ihlola isilinganiso sebhonasi-malus
Okuqukethwe
Kusukela kudala, inkontileka yomshuwalense iye yahlukaniswa ngumlingiswa we-aleatory (ubungozi), okungukuthi, kuye ngezimo zangempela, umshwalense angenza kokubili inzuzo enkulu futhi ahlale "ebomvu". Ebhizinisini lomshwalense, noma iyiphi inkampani yochwepheshe izama ukubala wonke amathuba okwenza inzuzo kanye nezingozi ezingaba khona ukuze igweme ukuwa komnotho. Ukwenza lokhu, enye yama-coefficients abalulekile emkhakheni womshwalense wezimoto i-CBM (i-bonus-malus coefficient).
Umqondo kanye nenani le-KBM
Lihunyushwe lisuka kusiLatini, ibhonasi lisho "okuhle" futhi malus lisho "okubi." Lokhu kukhanyisa isimiso sokubala inkomba yomshwalense: konke okubi okwenzeke kumshayeli wemoto (imicimbi enomshwalense) nakho konke okuhle (ukushayela ngaphandle kwengozi) kuyacatshangelwa.
Ngokuvamile, kunezindlela ezimbalwa zokuqonda i-coefficient ye-bonus-malus, ehluke kuphela ekuchazeni okucashile kokuchazwa kwegama, kodwa ibe nengqikithi efanayo. I-CBM ithi:
- uhlelo lwezaphulelo zomshayeli ngokushayela ngaphandle kwengozi;
- indlela yokubala izindleko zomshwalense, kucatshangelwa isipiliyoni sangaphambilini sokuvela kwemicimbi enomshwalense nomshayeli;
- uhlelo lwezilinganiso kanye nemivuzo yabashayeli abangazifaki izicelo zokukhokha umshwalense futhi abangenayo imicimbi enomshwalense ngenxa yephutha labo.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi siwubheka kanjani lo mqondo, ingqikithi yawo ukunciphisa intengo yomshuwalense we-OSAGO kubashayeli abanomthwalo wemfanelo kakhulu isikhathi eside abakwazi ukugwema ukuqala kwemicimbi yomshuwalense ngemoto yabo futhi, ngenxa yalokho, izicelo isinxephezelo somshwalense. Abashayeli abanjalo baletha inani elikhulu lenzuzo kubadayisi bomshwalense wezimoto, ngakho-ke laba bakamuva balungele ukukhombisa ukwethembeka okuphezulu lapho benquma intengo yomshuwalense. Ekushayeleni okuphuthumayo, iphethini ephambene iyasebenza.
Izindlela zokubala nokuhlola i-KBM ye-OSAGO
Kuye ngezimo, kulula kakhulu kwabanye abantu ukubala ngokuzimela i-BMF yabo engenzeka, kanti kwabanye kulula ukuphendukela kudathabhesi esemthethweni futhi bathole ulwazi ngefomu eliphelile. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni eziphikisanayo, lapho i-KBM ebalwa ngumshwalense ihluke kulokho okulindeleke umnikazi wemoto ngendlela engathandeki, kuyasiza kakhulu ukukwazi ukubala ngokuzimela i-coefficient yakho.
Ukubalwa kwe-KBM ngokwethebula lamanani
Ukuze ubale i-coefficient yebhonasi-malus ye-OSAGO, sidinga ulwazi olulandelayo:
- isipiliyoni sokushayela;
- umlando wezimangalo zezicelo zomshwalense eminyakeni yakamuva.
Izibalo zokunquma i-CBM zenziwa ngesisekelo setafula elamukelwa kuzo zonke izinkampani zomshuwalense eRussia.
Umqondo omusha etafuleni uthi "isigaba somnikazi wemoto". Sekukonke, amakilasi ayi-15 angahlukaniswa ukusuka ku-M kuye ku-13. Ikilasi lokuqala, elabelwe abanikazi bezimoto ababengenalo ulwazi lwangaphambili lokushayela imoto, lingelesithathu. Nguye ohambelana ne-KBM engathathi hlangothi elingana neyodwa, okungukuthi, i-100% yenani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuya ngokuncipha noma ukwanda komnikazi wemoto ekilasini, i-KBM yakhe nayo izoshintsha. Ngonyaka ngamunye olandelayo wokushayela ngaphandle kwengozi, isilinganiso sebhonasi-malus somshayeli sehla ngo-0,05, okungukuthi, intengo yokugcina yomshwalense izoba ngaphansi ngo-5%. Ungayibona le threndi ngokwakho ngokubheka ikholomu yesibili yetafula ukusuka phezulu kuye phansi.
Inani eliphansi le-KBM lihambisana nekilasi elithi M. M limele i-malus, eyaziwa kithi ngegama le-coefficient exoxwayo. I-Malus iyiphoyinti eliphansi kakhulu lale coefficient futhi ingu-2,45, okusho ukuthi, yenza inqubomgomo icishe ibe izikhathi ezi-2,5 ezibiza kakhulu.
Ungase futhi uqaphele ukuthi i-BSC ayishintshi njalo ngenani elifanayo lamaphuzu. I-logic eyinhloko yukuthi uma umshayeli eshayela imoto isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokuvela kwemicimbi enomshwalense, i-coefficient iba ephansi. Uma ngonyaka wokuqala waba nengozi, khona-ke kukhona ukulahlekelwa okukhulu ku-KBM - kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-1,4, okungukuthi, ukunyuka kwentengo ngo-40% wenqubomgomo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umshayeli osemncane akazange azitholele kahle nganoma iyiphi indlela futhi usevele waba nengozi, futhi lokhu kubiza izinga lekhono lakhe lokushayela.
Ake sinikeze isibonelo ukuze sihlanganise ikhono lokusebenzisa ithebula futhi sibale kalula i-BMF kudatha ngayinye onayo. Ake sithi ubushayela imoto yakho siqu ngaphandle kwengozi iminyaka emithathu. Ngakho-ke, uthola umnikazi wemoto wekilasi lesi-6 onesilinganiso sebhonasi-malus esingu-0,85 kanye nesaphulelo esingu-15% enanini lomshwalense ojwayelekile. Masiphinde sicabange ukuthi ubandakanyeke engozini futhi wafaka isicelo kumshwalense wakho ukuze uthole imbuyiselo ngalowo nyaka. Ngenxa yalesi sehlakalo esingesihle, ikilasi lakho lizokwehliswa ngephuzu elilodwa, futhi i-MPC izokhuphuka ibe ngu-0,9, ehambisana no-10% kuphela wesaphulelo. Ngakho-ke, ingozi eyodwa izokubiza ukwenyuka ngo-5% kwenani lomshwalense wakho esikhathini esizayo.
Ukuze kutholwe ikilasi, kucatshangelwa ulwazi ngezinkontileka eziphelile esikhathini esingaphezu konyaka odlule. Ngakho-ke, lapho ikhefu lomshwalense lingaphezu konyaka, ibhonasi isethwe kabusha ku-zero.
Ithebula: incazelo ye-KBM
| Ikilasi labanikazi bemoto | KBM | Ukushintsha ikilasi lomnikazi wemoto ngenxa yokwenzeka kwemicimbi enomshwalense wonyaka | ||||
| 0 izinkokhelo | 1 inkokhelo | 2 izinkokhelo | 3 izinkokhelo | Izinkokhelo ezi-4 noma ngaphezulu | ||
| M | 2,45 | 0 | M | M | M | M |
| 0 | 2,3 | 1 | M | M | M | M |
| 1 | 1,55 | 2 | M | M | M | M |
| 2 | 1,4 | 3 | 1 | M | M | M |
| 3 | 1 | 4 | 1 | M | M | M |
| 4 | 0,95 | 5 | 2 | 1 | M | M |
| 5 | 0,9 | 6 | 3 | 1 | M | M |
| 6 | 0,85 | 7 | 4 | 2 | M | M |
| 7 | 0,8 | 8 | 4 | 2 | M | M |
| 8 | 0,75 | 9 | 5 | 2 | M | M |
| 9 | 0,7 | 10 | 5 | 2 | 1 | M |
| 10 | 0,65 | 11 | 6 | 3 | 1 | M |
| 11 | 0,6 | 12 | 6 | 3 | 1 | M |
| 12 | 0,55 | 13 | 6 | 3 | 1 | M |
| 13 | 0,5 | 13 | 7 | 3 | 1 | M |
Ividiyo: mayelana nokuhlola i-KBM ngokwetafula
Ukuhlola i-KBM kusizindalwazi esisemthethweni se-RSA
Kwesinye isikhathi kuyasiza ukuzibheka ngeso lomshwalense futhi uqonde ukuthi hlobo luni lwesaphulelo onelungelo lokusithola. Indlela elula kakhulu yokufinyelela olwazini olusemthethweni mahhala iwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-PCA. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngokoqobo ezinyangeni zamuva kuye kwaba nezinguquko ezinkulu, kuba yesimanje futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa.
Ngokuvamile, udinga kuphela ukuthatha lezi zinyathelo ezimbalwa ezilula ukuze uthole ulwazi oluthakaselayo mayelana ne-coefficient yebhonasi-malus:
- Iya kuphothali esemthethweni ye-RSA. Ikhasi elithi Hlola i-KBM litholakala esigabeni esithi Izibalo. Lapho kufanele uhlole ibhokisi eliveza imvume yokucutshungulwa kwedatha yomuntu siqu, futhi uchofoze inkinobho ethi "KULUNGILE".
Ungakhohlwa ukuvuma ukucutshungulwa kwedatha yomuntu siqu, ngoba ngaphandle kwalokhu akunakwenzeka ukuhlola i-KBM - Ngokuchofoza inkinobho ethi "KULUNGILE", uzoyiswa ekhasini lesayithi elinezinkambu okufanele uzigcwalise. Imigqa eyisibopho imakwe ngenkanyezi ebomvu. Ngemva kokufaka idatha, ungakhohlwa ukudlulisa isheke elithi "Angisilo irobhothi" ngokumaka ibhokisi elifanele.Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi idatha ye-KBM itholakala kuphela kubashayeli abayizakhamuzi ze-Russian Federation
- Ekugcineni, chofoza inkinobho ethi "Sesha" futhi uhlole imiphumela evezwe efasiteleni elihlukile.Uma ngokusho kwedatha yakho kunokuboniswa okungalungile kwe-KBM, kufanele uxhumane nomshwalense ukuze uthole incazelo
I-database ye-PCA iwumthombo othembekile wangaphandle wolwazi, njengoba iqongelela idatha evela kuzo zonke izinkampani zomshwalense. Uma i-coefficient yomshwalense ihluka kuleyo ekhonjiswe kuwebhusayithi, uphoqelekile ukuthi ayihlole futhi ayibale kabusha.
Ividiyo: Ukubalwa kwe-BCC kusetshenziswa ingosi esemthethweni ye-Russian Union of Motor Insurers
Izindlela zokubuyisela i-KBM
Ngenxa yezizathu eziningi, i-coefficient yakho, lapho ibhekwa kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-PCA, ingase ingavezwa ngokwanele ezimweni zangempela kanye nezibalo zakho ezenziwe ngokwethebula. Njengomthetho, amaphutha nge-KBM aholela ekwenyukeni okukhulu kwezindleko zenqubomgomo yomshwalense oyimpoqo "isakhamuzi semoto" futhi, ngakho-ke, kuzokwandisa umthwalo omkhulu kakade kubhajethi yakho yomuntu siqu. Isizathu sokwehluleka ekubalweni kwe-coefficient kungaba:
- isici somuntu (iphutha le-ejenti yomshuwalense lapho uqopha idatha yomuntu siqu);
- ushintsho oluhleliwe lwelayisensi yokushayela (uma umshwalense engazange aziswe ngalokhu);
- ukuqaliswa kwenqubomgomo "engenamkhawulo" ye-OSAGO;
- ukufakwa kumshwalense wabantu abangaphezu koyedwa (ukuhlolwa kwe-MSC kuzokwenziwa endaweni ephansi kakhulu). Isibonelo, uma umnikazi wemoto ene-BMF engu-0,9 no-0,6 efakwe kumshwalense, khona-ke isaphulelo sizoba ngu-10%, hhayi u-40%;
- ukumemezela inkampani yomshwalense wezimoto obuyisebenzisela ukuqothuka.
Ukubuyiselwa kwe-coefficient yebhonasi-malus kuwebhusayithi ye-PCA
Enye yezindlela ezilula zokubuyisela i-KBM isikhalo esiku-inthanethi ku-Russian Union of Motor Insurers kuwebhusayithi yabo esemthethweni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga kuphela ukufinyelela ku-inthanethi kanye nesikhathi esincane sokugcwalisa nokuthumela isicelo.
Yenza isikhalazo ngokumelene nenkampani yomshwalense ngefomu elijwayelekile noma isicelo sefomu lamahhala uma ingqikithi yayo ingahlobene nezenzo zomshwalense. Ungathumela idokhumenti nge-imeyili request@autoins.ru noma ngefomu elithi "Impendulo".
Imininingwane eyisibopho yokucacisa, ngaphandle kwalokho isicelo ngeke sicatshangelwe:
- F. I. O. ngokugcwele;
- usuku lokuzalwa;
- inombolo yelayisense yokushayela enekhophi yelayisense yokushayela (noma ipasipoti - yezinkontileka eziphethwa ngemibandela engabambi inani labantu abavunyelwe ukushayela imoto).
I-PCA ngeke yenze izilungiso kusizindalwazi ngokwayo. Isicelo sizobophezela umshwalense ukuthi abale kabusha i-coefficient futhi athumele imininingwane eyiyo.
Izici zokubuyiselwa kwe-KBM ngaphandle kwezinqubomgomo ze-CMTPL ezindala
Njengomthetho, i-coefficient yebhonasi-malus ethandwa kakhulu inabashayeli abanokuhlangenwe nakho okude kokushayela okungenangozi (iminyaka eyi-10 noma ngaphezulu). Ezimweni ezinjalo, kunzima kakhulu ukugcina yonke imibhalo edingekayo ezinkampanini zomshwalense. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kulabo abanikazi bezimoto abaye bashintsha kaningi umshwalense.
Ngenhlanhla, ngokwencwadi yomthetho, asikho isidingo sokuqoqa nokugcina imishwalense ngaso sonke isikhathi ushayela imoto. Ngakho, ngokuhambisana nesigaba 10 se-athikili ye-15 yoMthetho we-Federal "Ku-OSAGO" No. 40-FZ iqukethe umsebenzi olandelayo owusizo womshwalense:
Lapho kunqanyulwa inkontileka yomshwalense oyimpoqo, umshwalense uzohlinzeka ngolwazi mayelana nenombolo kanye nohlobo lwezehlakalo ezifakwe kumshwalense ezenzeke, mayelana nenhlawulo yomshwalense owenziwe kanye nenhlawulo yomshwalense ezayo, ngesikhathi somshwalense, izimangalo ezicatshangelwe nezingakalungiswa zabahlukunyezwayo ukuze bathole inkokhelo yomshwalense kanye nolunye ulwazi lomshwalense ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwenkontileka yomshwalense oyimpoqo (ozobizwa kamuva njengolwazi lomshwalense). Ulwazi olumayelana nomshwalense luhlinzekwa ngabadayisi bomshwalense mahhala ngokubhala, futhi lufakwa ohlelweni lolwazi oluzenzakalelayo lomshwalense oyimpoqo owenziwe ngokuhambisana ne-Article 30 yalo Mthetho Wenhlangano.
Okokugcina, ngaphezu kwereferensi ebhaliwe yamahhala, umshwalense uyadingeka futhi ukuthi afake ngokushesha ulwazi olumayelana nomshwalense kusizindalwazi se-OSAGO AIS, lapho inkampani yakho entsha yomshwalense engathola khona.
Ezinye izindlela zokubuyisela i-KBM
Ukufaka isicelo kwa-RSA akude kakhulu neze, futhi empeleni, akuyona indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokubuyisela ubulungiswa ezindabeni zokuqinisekisa ukunemba kwesibalo se-KBM. Nazi ezinye izindlela ezimbalwa:
- isikhalazo enkampanini yomshuwalense;
- isikhalo eBhange Elikhulu;
- ikhokhwe izinsiza ze-inthanethi;
- amanxusa omshwalense.
Ukuxhumana nenkampani yomshwalense
Ngenxa yezinguquko emthethweni ezenzeke eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ukuxhumana ne-IC ngokuqondile, okusebenzise inani le-coefficient elingalungile, inketho ekhethwa kakhulu. Iqiniso liwukuthi kusukela ekupheleni kuka-2016, lapho ethola isicelo esivela kumuntu onomshwalense, umshwalense unesibopho sokuqinisekisa ngokuzimela ukuthi i-coefficient esetshenzisiwe noma ezosetshenziswa ihambisana nenani eliqukethwe ku-AIS PCA. Ukwengeza, abahlinzeki bomshwalense kuphela abanelungelo lokuhambisa idatha yezinkontileka nemicimbi enomshwalense ukuze ifakwe ku-database ye-PCA.
Cishe noma iyiphi inkampani yomshuwalense manje inesizindalwazi lapho ungakhononda khona ngokubala okungalungile kwe-KBM ngaphandle kokumosha isikhathi ngokuvakasha kwakho siqu.
Ake sithathe njengesibonelo ikhasi elinjalo kuwebhusayithi yomshwalense owaziwa kakhulu eRussia - Rosgosstrakh. Nazi izinyathelo zokuhambisa isicelo:
- Okokuqala, kufanele uye kuwebhusayithi ye-Rosgosstrakh Insurance Company futhi uthole ikhasi lokushiya izicelo elibizwa ngokuthi "Impendulo".Ngaphambi kokwenza isicelo esithile enkampanini, kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlole amabhokisi athi “umuntu / inhlangano esemthethweni” bese ukhetha isihloko.
- Okulandelayo, ngaphansi kwekhasi, khetha okuthi "Gcwalisa ifomu" bese ugcwalisa wonke amakholomu amakwe njengayisibopho.Ukugcwalisa yonke imininingwane ngenqubomgomo kanye nomfakisicelo ngokwakhe kuzovumela i-CSG ukuthi iqinisekise ukulunga kokubala kwe-KBM.
Ekugcineni, kufanele ufake ikhodi evela esithombeni futhi uvumelane nokucutshungulwa kwedatha, futhi uthumele isikhalazo ngokuchofoza inkinobho eluhlaza ngezansi kwekhasi.
Ngaphandle kokudlulisa ukuqinisekiswa ngokufaka ikhodi evela esithombeni kanye nemvume yokucubungula idatha yomuntu siqu, akunakwenzeka ukuthumela isikhalazo.
Ngokuvamile, wonke amafomu empendulo afana kakhulu futhi adinga ulwazi olulandelayo:
- imininingwane yomshwalense;
- inombolo yabashayeli kanye nemininingwane yomunye wabo (igama eligcwele, usuku lokuzalwa, ipasipoti kanye nedatha yelayisensi yokushayela);
- idatha yemoto ngokwayo (VIN, inombolo yesifunda).
Umehluko ulele kuphela ekululameni nasekunemibalabala kwesixhumi esibonakalayo sewebhusayithi yomshwalense.
Isikhalo eBhange Elikhulu
Enye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu, uma ukuxhumana nenkampani yomshuwalense kungazange kunikeze umphumela oyifunayo, ukufaka isikhalazo ku-Central Bank of Russia (CBR). Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele wenze lokhu okulandelayo:
- Iya ekhasini elithi "Hambisa Isikhalazo" seBhange Elikhulu.Ngokuya ekhasini elifanele lewebhusayithi yeBhange Elikhulu, kuzodingeka ukhethe isihloko sesikhalazo kulezi zinketho ezingezansi
- Esigabeni esithi "Izinhlangano zomshwalense", khetha i-OSAGO, futhi ohlwini olungezansi - "ukusetshenziswa okungalungile kwe-KBM (izaphulelo zokushayela okungenangozi) lapho uphetha inkontileka."Abadayisi bomshwalense bagadwe yiBhange Elikhulu LeRussian Federation, ngakho-ke ukubhala izikhalazo ngokumelene nabo kuleli kheli akuyona into engenalutho.
- Funda imininingwane bese uchofoza okuthi "Cha, qhubeka nokufaka isikhalazo". Kuzovuleka amafasitela amaningi phambi kwakho, okumele agcwaliswe.Ukuze ukwazi ukubhala isikhalazo, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ulwazi olunikeziwe alukusizanga
- Ngemva kokuchofoza inkinobho "okulandelayo", gcwalisa imininingwane yakho siqu futhi isikhalazo sizothunyelwa.Okunembile (ngokuhambisana nemibhalo esemthethweni) ukugcwaliswa kwedatha yepasipoti kuqinisekisa ukucutshungulwa kwesicelo, ngoba iBhange Elikhulu linelungelo lokungazinaki izicelo ezingaziwa.
Amasevisi aku-inthanethi akhokhelwayo
Namuhla, kunezipesheli eziningi kunethiwekhi ezivela ezakhiweni ze-inthanethi zezentengiselwano, ezinikezela ngezinsizakalo zazo zokubuyisela i-KBM ngaphandle kokushiya ikhaya, ngemali encane uma kuqhathaniswa.
Uma usanquma ukuphendukela kumasayithi anjalo ukuze uthole usizo, khona-ke uqondiswa iseluleko sabashayeli abajwayelekile abanelisekile ngekhwalithi yezinsizakalo kanye nokwethembeka komxhumanisi.
Ividiyo: okuningi mayelana nendlela yokubuyisela i-coefficient
I-MBM iwushintsho olubalulekile okuthi, kuye ngezimo, lungakhuphula izindleko zenqubomgomo yakho ye-OSAGO noma luyinciphise ngohhafu. Kuwusizo kakhulu ukufunda indlela yokusebenzisa ithebula futhi ngokuzimela ukubala i-coefficient yakho, ukuze uma kwenzeka amaphutha abadayisi bomshwalense, ngesikhathi sokufaka isicelo sokulungiswa kwabo enkampanini yomshuwalense ngokwayo noma kuziphathimandla eziphethe (iBhange Elikhulu) kanye nezinhlangano zochwepheshe ( I-Russian Union of Motor Insurers).
