Ukuhlola ama-injection enjini ye-diesel nendlela yokuwahlanza ekhaya

Injini ye-diesel internal combustion (ICE) iyiyunithi ethembeke kakhulu. Izici zenjini ye-diesel ziqinisekisa ukubeka umkhawulo ophezulu wokuphepha ngisho nangesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa. Empeleni, zonke izinkinga zayo ezivelayo zixhunywe kuphela ngemishini kaphethiloli. Ikakhulukazi, ama-injection kaphethiloli (ama-injection) aba enye yezinkinga.

Yini okungenzeka ukuthi ayilungile ngabo, sizoyithola kulesi sihloko.

Umgomo wokusebenza kwama-injection kadizili

Umsebenzi wabo oyinhloko yi-atomization kaphethiloli enhle kunazo zonke (ehlakazekile). Udizili usebenzisa uphethiloli udizili, ngokungafani nophethiloli, uyingxube yezingxenyana ezinzima zokucwenga uwoyela. Kuyanqikaza kakhulu ukuxubana nomoya ukuze kwakheke ukuvumelana okulungele ukusha okuphelele nokushesha.

Idivayisi elula kakhulu inama-nozzles uhlobo lwe-hydromechanical. Uphethiloli wedizili ufika kubo ngokuhlukene nezingxenye ezihlukene zephampu kaphethiloli ocindezela kakhulu (TNVD). Lapho umfutho othile womkhawulo ufinyelelwa ngesikhathi esifanele, umlomo wombhobho uyavuleka, bese uphethiloli obalwa nge-supercharger yepompo ujovwe egunjini elivuthayo, ngesikhathi esifanayo ufafaze amaconsi amancane.

Ngemva kwalokho, ukucindezela kwehla futhi i-valve yokujova ivaliwe ngentwasahlobo yokubuya. Ukusebenza kwezigaba ezimbili kungenzeka, lapho ingxenye encane yomshayeli wedizili inikezwa kuqala, emva kwalokho intwasahlobo yesibili icushiwe, futhi inkokhiso eyinhloko kaphethiloli inikezwa ku-atomizer. Lokhu kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwenjini.

Uhlelo lomjovo oluthuthuke kakhulu selube yinhlangano yalo ngomgomo wesitimela esivamile esinengcindezi ephezulu, okuthiwa Ujantshi Ojwayelekile. Lapha, i-high-pressure fuel pump idala ingcindezi edingekayo kuwo wonke ama-nozzles ngesikhathi esifanayo, futhi ibangelwa ngesikhathi esifanele isignali kagesi evela kuyunithi yokulawula.

Kube nokwenzeka ukusabalalisa ngokunembe kakhudlwana ingxube phezu kwamasilinda, ukulinganisa okubushelelezi ngenxa yokuphakelwa okuningi phakathi komjikelezo owodwa kanye nokushiswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu kukaphethiloli wedizili ngokusebenza kwenjini ethambile. Lokhu kuqinisekiswa ukuba khona kwe-electromagnetic injector ngayinye, elawula i-valve yokuvala.

Isinyathelo esilandelayo kwaba ukubukeka i-actuator ye-piezoelectric ngenaliti yokufutha. Umphumela wokushintsha ubukhulu bawo bejometri ngamakristalu athile lapho kusetshenziswa i-voltage kagesi kubo.

Ngokungafani nedrayivu ye-electromagnetic, inhlangano enjalo ikuvumela ukuthi ukhuphule ngokuphawulekayo isivinini sama-valve. Kwaba nokwenzeka ukwandisa inani lezingxenye zikaphethiloli ezinikezwa ngokushaywa kwesilinda. Lesi silinganiso saphoqeleka ngenxa yezidingo ezilokhu zikhula njalo zokuhambisana nemvelo kwezinjini zikadizili. Ama-nozzles anjalo abonakala ngentengo ephezulu futhi engalungiseki.

Ikilasi elihlukile yilaba okuthiwa ama-injection epompo. Zihlukaniswa ngokungabikho kwepompo ye-fuel-pressure ephezulu ohlelweni, indima yayo yenziwa isenzo somshini wamakhamera we-camshaft kuma-plunger pair eyakhelwe kumjovo ngamunye wamafutha.

Zisetshenziswa ngokwethukela ngenxa yokushiyeka okuningi. Ezinhlelweni lapha, ukungabikho kwepompo evamile yokucindezela okukhulu, eyenza imishini ibe lula.

Izimpawu zokungasebenzi kahle

Kunezimbangela ezintathu ezivamile zokwehluleka:

• ukwanda kokugeleza nge-injector (ukuchichima);
• ukunciphisa izinga le-atomization yamafutha;
• ukunciphisa ukusebenza kwezifutho ngazinye.

Ngaphandle, lokhu kuzobonakala kucishe kufane, nakuba ukuhlolisiswa kwecala ngalinye kuzokwazi ukukhombisa ukulinganisa kwenkinga.

1. Ukukhishwa kwenjini kuyashintsha, futhi amandla ayo angawa futhi ande.
2. Injini izoqala ngokungazinzi futhi isebenze kabi uma ingenzi lutho.
3. Ngokunyakaza, ama-jerks abonakala ngokucacile nama-pickup angase avele ngendlela efanayo ye-accelerator pedal.
4. Umsindo wenjini uzoshintsha, ukuqina, ukudlidliza ngisho nokungqongqoza kumasilinda kuzovela.
5. Injini izoqala ukubhema, i-exhaust izoba mnyama, okubonisa ukukhululwa kwe-soot - izinsalela zamafutha e-hydrocarbon ezingashisiwe.
6. Izinga likawoyela ku-crankcase lizoqala ukukhuphuka ngenxa yokungena kukaphethiloli wedizili oweqile lapho.
7. Injini yesimanje yangaphakathi evuthayo izoqaphela ukungasebenzi kahle ngokuxilonga kwangaphakathi futhi izokhanyisa isibani sokulawula kuphaneli yezinsimbi.

Kunoma yikuphi, ukucaciswa kwezimbangela kuzodinga ukuxilongwa komuntu ngamunye kwama-injection.

Ukuxilongwa kwama-injection ekhaya

Ngezinga elithile lokunemba, kungenzeka ukubala idivayisi engalungile egaraji. Okokuqala udinga ukunquma indawo ethile yomjovo osolisayo.

Ijubane lenjini kadizili engenzi lutho liyasethwa futhi lilungiswe ngendlela yokuthi ukusebenza kwayo okungalingani kubonakale ngokucacile ngangokunokwenzeka. Khona-ke, ngenye yezindlela ezifanele, ukucindezela kukaphethiloli kukhishwa ku-nozzle, lapho ukuqiniswa kokufakwa kwe-inlet kukhululiwe. Umjovo okwazi ukuseviswa uzodala ukusabela okuphawuleka kakhulu enjinini kunalowo onokuchezuka ekusebenzeni.

Indlela yokuxilonga ama-injection ngezandla zakho? Irubrikhi yokulwa nenhlekelele!

Kumjovo we-electromagnetic, ungakwazi ukukala ukumelana kwe-solenoid winding nge-multimeter. Inani layo lingaba kusuka kumayunithi ama-ohms kuye kwamashumi amabili, ngokunembe kakhudlwana ungathola emibhalweni yedivayisi ethile. Kunoma yikuphi, ukuphumula kuzosho ukwehluleka okuphelele kwekhoyili.

Kuma-injection alula we-hydromechanical, kungenzeka ukukala ingcindezi ekuqaleni kokuvula i-valve usebenzisa i-tee, i-gauge yokucindezela, kanye nengxenye yokulawula eyaziwayo. Izinguquko ekulinganisweni kwentwasahlobo zingenzeka, okuzokwenza ukuthi i-engeli yomjovo iphambuke.

Hlola ukuchichima (buyisela amanzi)

Kuhlelo lwe-Common Rail, umjovo ulawulwa kusetshenziswa i-valve yokuhlola ekhethekile, ukuvulwa kwayo okudala ukwehla kokucindezela okudingekayo esiqwini se-valve esiyinhloko, ngenxa yalokho iphinde ivule futhi inikeze isilinda.

Ukugqokwa nokungcola kubangela uphethiloli omningi ukuthi ugeleze emugqeni wokubuya futhi umfutho kaloliwe wehle. Injini iqala ngobunzima obukhulu.

Ukuze uhlole, amapayipi okubuyisela ayasuswa kuwo wonke ama-nozzles, futhi esikhundleni salokho kufakwa ama-flasks abonisa ngale amasirinji ezokwelapha anamashubhu asuka kumasistimu e-dropper. Uma injini ingasebenzi, imibhobho esetshenziswayo ikhipha uphethiloli omncane kakhulu emugqeni wokubuya, ngokuvamile amamililitha ambalwa ngomzuzu.

Onephutha uzonikeza izikhathi eziningi, inani elithile lincike ohlotsheni lwedivayisi nenjini, kodwa uma okungenani okweqile ngaphezu kwalezi ezisebenzisekayo izikhathi ezintathu noma ngaphezulu, umlomo wombhobho kufanele ulungiswe noma ushintshwe.

Isitendi sokuxilonga

Isitendi sokuhlola somjovo esihle esichwepheshile siqukethe isethi yokuhlola okujwayelekile okuthi, ngaphezu kokuxilongwa okuvezayo, kuhlonze ukungasebenzi kahle okucashile.

Ukuhlolwa kwebhentshi okulula kakhulu kwenzelwa ukugcina ingcindezi ye-nozzle isebenza, kanye nokungcola nokuguga okungase kube khona. Ukuma kwethoshi kuhlolwa ngokubukeka lapho kufafazwa uketshezi olulinganisiwe. Amakhono ayisisekelo wedivayisi anqunywa, uma engagcwaliseki, i-injector yenqatshwa ngokusobala.

Ukuhlolwa okuyinkimbinkimbi okwengeziwe kunquma ukuthi ingxenye engaphansi kokuhlolwa ifaneleka yini ukusebenza kuzo zonke izindlela ukusuka kokungenzi lutho ukuya kumandla amakhulu, hlola isivinini sama-valve ezindleleni zokujova ngaphambili, kanye nesimo sama-valve okuhlola.

Lena ukuphela kwendlela yokuhlola isimo esijwayelekile kanye nekhono lokuhlangabezana namazinga amanje akhishwayo, kanye nokubikezela insiza esele. Umphumela womsebenzi wokuma kochwepheshe uzoba ukufakwa ikhodi kwesimo esinemibandela somjovo.

Amadivayisi akhethekile

Imisebenzi ngayinye yama-injector ingabuye ihlolwe ngokufaka okukhethekile.

Isibonelo, ama-injection e-hydro-mechanical angahlolwa ngedivayisi eyenza ukucindezela kukaphethiloli lapho i-valve kufanele ivuleke futhi iqinisekise ukuthi ingaphakathi kwemingcele ecacisiwe. Idivayisi iqukethe iphampu yesandla kanye ne-pressure gauge.

Kukhona futhi imiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi, yomibili efakwe kubahloli be-diesel kanye ne-autonomous. Ngokuvamile afakwe iphampu yomjovo wezandla noma kagesi, i-accumulator ye-hydraulic, okokusebenza kokulinganisa, namaflask abonisa ngale okulawula okubonakalayo. Ithengeka kakhulu ukuze uzenzele.

Ukuhlanza i-diesel injector

Ngemva kokuhlola ukuba khona kwenkinga, kwezinye izimo kungenzeka ukubuyisela ukusebenza ngokuhlanza noma ukulungiswa okuphakathi ngokwemibandela eyinkimbinkimbi. Kuvunyelwe ukususa ukungcola ngezindlela zamakhemikhali kanye nemishini.

I-Ultrasound

Ukuvezwa kokudlidliza kwe-acoustic ephakeme kakhulu kusebenza kahle, ngokuvamile ngisho nemibhalo efakwe efektri enopende abakhethekile ivamise ukuwashwa ezingxenyeni.

I-nozzle esusiwe ifakwe ebhavini eligcwele uketshezi lokuhlanza, lapho i-emitter enamandla ye-ultrasound ixhunywe khona. Inqubo yokuhlanza ithatha imizuzu engaba ngu-20, ngemva kwalokho imiphumela igadwa esitobhini.

Ama-nozzles anamuhla kakhulu, aqukethe izingxenye eziningi zepulasitiki ezibucayi, angaqala ukusebenza kabi kakhulu kunangaphambi kokuhlanza, ngakho-ke adinga ukubhekwa kuwo wonke amapharamitha, hhayi nje uhlobo lwethoshi.

Ukuhlanza endaweni yokuma

Uketshezi olukhethekile olushaywayo luthelwa ngaphansi kwengcindezi ngomjovo ongcolile, okuyi-solvent esebenza kahle kakhulu.

Lena indlela enokwethenjelwa kakhulu yokuhlanza, ngoba ingxenye ayingaphansi kwanoma yimaphi amathonya alimazayo, futhi yonke into igxile ekuhlakazweni kwamadiphozithi kanye nokungcola.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, usebenzisa ukuma okufanayo, imiphumela yomsebenzi ibhekwa, emva kwalokho kuzokwazi ukwenza isinqumo esinembile kakhulu mayelana nokusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kwezifutho.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezithasiselo

Lapho kudayiswa kunenqwaba yezithasiselo zokuhlanza ezihlukahlukene zemishini kadizili ezisebenza ngokumane zizifake kuphethiloli.

Ukusebenza kwale ndlela kunokungabaza, ngoba izinto ezinjalo sezivele zikhona kuphethiloli we-diesel wekhwalithi ephezulu futhi, ngokusetshenziswa njalo, akuvumeli ukubonakala kwamadiphozithi. Futhi kunzima ukugeza lezi ezikhona ngenxa yokugxila okuphansi kwezingxenye zokuhlanza.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungathola umphumela ophambene esimweni sesistimu engcoliswe kakhulu, lapho izingxenyana ezinkulu zihlukana futhi ziwela emabhodleleni, ziwavale ngokuphelele. Nokho, umphumela omuhle nawo awushiywa ngaphandle.

Indlela yesandla

Kungenziwa kokubili nge-disassembly ye-nozzle nangokuthela uketshezi lokuhlanza kuyo. Esimweni sokugcina, lokhu akuyona into kodwa kuyinkimbinkimbi, akufani nokugeza endaweni yokumisa.

Zenzele wena ukuhlanza umlomo wombhobho. Isitendi esenziwe ekhaya sokuhlanza imibhobho

Lapho uqaqa i-nozzle, lapho kuvunyelwe khona ngesakhiwo, ungahlanza futhi ugaye ama-valve, ususe ukungcola ngomshini ezingxenyeni ezifinyelelekayo, ngisho nokuhlanza izimbobo ze-nozzle ngocingo oluthambile.

Into esemqoka ukusebenzisa ukunakekelwa okwanele, kucatshangelwa ukunemba okunemba kwayo yonke imininingwane. Ukuhlanza, kusetshenziswa uketshezi olufanayo lokuhlanza ama-injection.

Ungayinweba kanjani impilo yamadivayisi okulethwa kukaphethiloli

Imishini kaphethiloli yezinjini zikadizili, ngaphandle kwezakudala kakhulu, yenzelwe uphethiloli wezinga eliphezulu.

1. Kufanele ugcwalise kuphela uphethiloli wedizili ongcono kakhulu, oklanyelwe ngokukhethekile amasistimu amandla emoto yabagibeli yesimanje.
2. Ukungena kwamanzi akwamukeleki neze, okuzodala ukugqwala kwezingxenye ngokushesha futhi kudinga ukulungiswa okubizayo.
3. Kudingekile ukuqapha isimo sezihlungi namathangi e-sedimentation, ukuwashintsha ngesikhathi futhi uwagcine ngokusho kwemiyalelo, futhi ngokufanelekile, kuyadingeka ukuqapha njalo nokugeza okuvimbelayo ngokukhishwa enkonzweni ekhethekile yedizili.

Ungayinweba kanjani impilo yesevisi yamaphampu kaphethiloli anengcindezi ephezulu ezinjinini zikadizili.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kuzophinde kugweme izinkinga ngokukhishwa nokufakwa kwezixhumanisi ezibambekile, okungaholela ezindlekweni ezinkulu.