Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-injector ne-carburetor?

Kunezindlela ezahlukene zokugcwalisa umthamo wokusebenza wamasilinda wenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi enengxube evuthayo. Ngokomgomo wokuxuba uphethiloli nomoya, zingahlukaniswa ngokwemibandela zibe i-carburetor kanye nomjovo. Kukhona umehluko oyisisekelo phakathi kwabo, nakuba umphumela womsebenzi ucishe ufane, kodwa kukhona nokwehluka kwenani lokunemba kwe-dosing.

Sizocabangela kabanzi mayelana nezinzuzo nezinkinga zesistimu yamandla enjini kaphethiloli ngezansi.

Umgomo wokusebenza kwenjini ye-carburetor

Ukuze udale izimo zokuvutha ku-cylinder, uphethiloli kufanele uhlanganiswe nomoya. Ukwakheka komkhathi kuqukethe i-oxygen, edingekayo ukuze kufakwe i-oxidation yama-hydrocarbon kaphethiloli ngokukhululwa kwenani elikhulu lokushisa.

Amagesi ashisayo anomthamo omkhulu kakhulu kunengxube yasekuqaleni, athanda ukwanda, andisa ingcindezi ku-piston, ephusha i-crankshaft crankshaft futhi iyenze ijikeleze. Ngakho, amandla amakhemikhali kaphethiloli aguqulwa abe amandla emishini ashayela imoto.

I-carburetor iyadingeka ukuze uthole i-atomization enhle kaphethiloli futhi uyixube nomoya ongena kusilinda. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukubunjwa kufakwa umthamo, ngoba ukuthungela okuvamile nokuvutha, ukwakheka kwesisindo esiqinile kuyadingeka.

Ukuze wenze lokhu, ngaphezu kwe-sprayer ngokwabo, i-carburetors inezinhlelo eziningi zokudosa, ngayinye enesibopho semodi ethile yokusebenza kwenjini:

• umthamo omkhulu;
• uhlelo lokungenzi lutho;
• idivayisi yokuqala enothisa ingxube enjini ebandayo;
• iphampu ye-accelerator enezela uphethiloli ngesikhathi sokusheshisa;
• i-econostat yezindlela zamandla;
• isilawuli sezinga esinegumbi lokuntanta;
• izinhlelo zokuguqula zama-multi-chamber carburetors;
• abezomnotho abahlukahlukene abalawula futhi bakhawulele ukukhishwa okuyingozi.

Uma i-carburetor iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kuningi kwalezi zinhlelo ezinazo, ngokuvamile zilawulwa nge-hydraulically noma nge-pneumatically, nakuba eminyakeni yamuva nje, kusetshenziswe izinto zikagesi.

Kodwa isimiso esiyisisekelo sigciniwe - i-emulsion kaphethiloli eyakhiwe umsebenzi ohlangene womoya kanye namajethi kaphethiloli adonselwa ekugelezeni komoya okumuncwa ama-piston ngama-atomizer ngokuhambisana nomthetho kaBernoulli.

Izici zesistimu yomjovo

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwama-injection, noma ngokunembile, izinhlelo zokujova uphethiloli, kwakuwukunikezwa kukaphethiloli ngaphansi kwengcindezi.

Indima yephampu kaphethiloli ayisakhawulelwe ekugcwaliseni igumbi lokuntanta, njengoba lalikhona ku-carburetor, kodwa isibe yisisekelo sokudosa inani likaphethiloli elinikezwa ngemibhobho ku-multifold intake noma ngisho ngqo emakamelweni avuthayo.

Kukhona ama-mechanical, electronic kanye ne-mixed injection systems, kodwa anesimiso esifanayo - inani likaphethiloli ngomjikelezo ngamunye wokusebenza libalwa futhi likalwe ngokuqinile, okungukuthi, akukho ukuxhumana okuqondile phakathi kwezinga lokugeleza komoya kanye nokusetshenziswa komjikelezo kaphethiloli.

Manje kusetshenziswa amasistimu omjovo we-elekthronikhi kuphela, lapho zonke izibalo zenziwa ikhompuyutha encane enezinzwa eziningana futhi ilawula ngokuqhubekayo isikhathi sokujova. Ukucindezela kwepompo kugcinwa kuzinzile, ngakho-ke ukwakheka kwengxube kuncike ngokukhethekile ngesikhathi sokuvula ama-valve e-solenoid ama-injection.

Izinzuzo ze-carburetor

Inzuzo ye-carburetor ukulula kwayo. Ngisho nemiklamo emidala kakhulu ezithuthuthu nasezimotweni ezindala yayiyenza njalo indima yayo ekunikezeni amandla izinjini.

Igumbi elinokuntanta ukuzinzisa ukucindezela kujethi likaphethiloli, umzila womoya we-emulsifier onejethi lomoya, i-atomizer ku-diffuser futhi yikho lokho. Njengoba izidingo zamamotho zanda, ukwakheka kwaba nzima kakhulu.

Kodwa-ke, ubudala obuyisisekelo bunikeze inzuzo ebaluleke kakhulu yokuthi ama-carburetor asagcinwa kwezinye izindawo, ezithuthuthu ezifanayo noma ezimotweni ezingekho emgwaqeni. Lokhu ukwethembeka kanye nokugcinwa. Akukho lutho oluzophulwa lapho, ukuvala kungaba inkinga kuphela, kodwa ungakwazi ukuqaqa futhi uhlanze i-carburetor kunoma yiziphi izimo, azikho izingxenye ezisele ezidingekayo.

Izinzuzo ze-injector

Kodwa inani lokushiyeka kwama-atomizer anjalo kancane kancane laholela ekubukeni kwama-injection. Konke kwaqala ngenkinga ephakama endizeni, lapho ama-carburetors enqaba ukusebenza ngokujwayelekile ngesikhathi sokuqothuka kwezindiza noma ngisho nemigqa ejulile. Phela, indlela yabo yokugcina ingcindezi ethile kumajethi isekelwe kumandla adonsela phansi, futhi la mandla ahlala eqondiswe phansi. Ingcindezi yephampu kaphethiloli yesistimu yomjovo ayincikile ekuqondeni kwendawo.

Impahla yesibili ebalulekile ye-injector kwaba ukunemba okuphezulu kokudosa ukwakheka kwengxube kunoma iyiphi imodi. I-carburetor ayikwazi lokhu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyinkimbinkimbi kangakanani, futhi izidingo zemvelo zikhula njalo ngonyaka, ingxube kwakudingeka ishise ngokuphelele futhi ngokuphumelelayo ngangokunokwenzeka, okwakudingeka nokusebenza kahle.

Ukunemba kuzuze ukubaluleka okukhulu ngokufika kweziguquli ze-catalytic, ezisebenza ekushiseni izinto eziyingozi ku-exhasi, lapho ukulawulwa kukaphethiloli wezinga eliphansi kuholela ekuhlulekeni kwazo.

Ubunkimbinkimbi obuphezulu kanye nokwehla okuhambisanayo ekuthembekeni kwesistimu kwaxazululwa ukuzinza nokuqina kwezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ezingenazo izingxenye zokugqoka, futhi ubuchwepheshe besimanje benza kube nokwenzeka ukudala amaphampu athembekile ngokwanele kanye nama-nozzles.

Indlela yokuhlukanisa imoto yomjovo ku-carburetor

Ekhabetheni, umuntu angabona ngokushesha ukuba khona kwe-knob yokulawula yesistimu yokuqala ye-carburetor, ebizwa nangokuthi ukumunca, nakuba kukhona nabaqalayo lapho le nkinobho ingekho khona.

Iyunithi yomjovo we-mono kulula kakhulu ukudidanisa ne-carburetor, ibukeka ifana kakhulu ngokubukeka. Umehluko uyindawo yepompo likaphethiloli, ku-carburetor itholakala enjinini, futhi ku-injector icishwa ku-tank gas, kodwa imijovo eyodwa ayisasetshenziswa.

Umjovo kaphethiloli we-multipoint wendabuko uchazwa ngokungabi bikho kwemojula evamile yokuhambisa uphethiloli, kukhona kuphela isamukeli somoya esinikeza umoya osuka kusihlungi uye endaweni eningi yokuthatha, futhi ku-manifold uqobo kukhona imibhobho kagesi, eyodwa ngesilinda.

Cishe ngokufanayo, umjovo kaphethiloli oqondile uyahlelwa, lapho kuphela imibhobho esekhanda lebhulokhi, njengama-spark plug, futhi uphethiloli unikezwa ngepompo eyengeziwe yokucindezela okuphezulu. Ifana kakhulu nesistimu yamandla yezinjini zikadizili.

Kumshayeli, uhlelo lwamandla omjovo luyisibusiso esingangabazeki. Asikho isidingo sokwengeza ukuxhaphaza uhlelo lokuqala kanye ne-gas pedal, ubuchopho be-elekthronikhi bubhekene nengxube kunoma yiziphi izimo futhi bukwenza ngokunembile.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubungane bemvelo bomjovo bubalulekile, cishe kuphela i-carbon dioxide engenabungozi kanye nomhwamuko wamanzi okhishwa ohlelweni lwe-exhaust ungene endaweni ezungezile, ngakho-ke ama-carburetors ezimotweni ayinto yesikhathi esidlule.