Ukuhlukaniswa kwekhoyili yokuthungela

Ngaphansi kwethemu ukuhlukana kwekhoyili yokuthungela noma ithiphu lekhandlela liqondwa njengokuwohloka endaweni ebuthakathaka kakhulu yomzimba noma i-wire insulation ngenxa yokuncipha kokumelana okwenzeka ngezikhathi ezifushane. Lona umonakalo wemishini oholela ekubukeni kwemifantu noma ukuncibilika. Ngaphezulu kwendlu, isayithi lokuqhekeka libukeka njengamachashazi amnyama, ashile, amathrekhi amade noma imifantu emhlophe. Izindawo ezinjalo ezinezinhlansi ezibenyezelayo ziyingozi ikakhulukazi esimweni sezulu esimanzi. Lokhu kwehluleka akuholeli kuphela ekwephuleni ukushiswa kwengxube, kodwa futhi nokwehluleka okuphelele kwemojula yokushisa.

Ngokuvamile, izindawo ezinjalo akunzima ukuzibona ngokubukeka, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kuyadingeka ukuhlola ikhoyili yokuthungela, hhayi nge-multimeter noma i-oscilloscope, kodwa ngedivayisi elula enezintambo ezimbili. Lapho indawo eyonakalisiwe ibonakala, ingxenye ivame ukuguqulwa ngokuphelele, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi kungenzeka ukubambezela ukushintshwa nge-tape kagesi, i-sealant, noma i-epoxy glue.

Kuyini ukuhlukana kwekhoyili yokuthungela kanye nezimbangela zayo

Ake sigxile kafushane ngokuthi kuyini ukuqhekeka kwekhoyili, ukuthi kuthinta kanjani nokuthi kubukeka kanjani ngokubonakalayo. Okokuqala, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ikhoyili ngokwayo i-transformer ene-windings emibili (eyinhloko neyesibili) ehlukanisiwe komunye nomunye. Incazelo yokuwohloka iqondwa njengento engokoqobo lapho, ngenxa yokulimala kokujikeleza okuyisisekelo kanye / noma kwesibili kwekhoyili, ingxenye yamandla kagesi ayiweli ekhandlelani, kodwa emzimbeni. Lokhu kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi i-spark plug ayisebenzi ngamandla aphelele, ngokulandelana, injini yomlilo yangaphakathi iqala "ukuhamba", amandla ayo alahlekile.

Idivayisi yekhoyili yomlilo

Ziningi izizathu zokubhidlika kwekhoyili yokuthungela. - ukulimala kokufakwa kwe-winding eyodwa noma yomibili, ukulimala emzimbeni wethiphu, ukulimala kophawu lwenjoloba (ngenxa yokuthi amanzi angena ngaphakathi, lapho ugesi "uthunga"), ukuba khona kokungcola emzimbeni (ngokufanayo amanzi, amanje adlula kuwo), umonakalo (i-oxidation) ye-electrode esihlokweni. Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile inkinga ilele ku-insulator "yezintambo", ngakho-ke, ukuze kuqedwe inkinga, le ndawo kufanele ibe yendawo futhi ifakwe ngaphakathi.

Isizathu esithakazelisayo sokwehluleka kwamathiphu wekhoyili yokuthungela yiqiniso lokuthi lapho ushintsha ipulaki ye-spark, kwezinye izimo, abanikazi bezimoto, ngokunganaki noma ukungabi nalwazi, bangaphula ukuvinjelwa kwamanzi. Lokhu kungaholela ekutheni umswakama ungene ngaphansi kwawo bese udala izinkinga ngokusebenza kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi. Icala elihlukile liwukuthi lapho umshisekeli wemoto eqinisa amantongomane aphezulu ezinkomishi zekhandlela kakhulu, kunengozi yokuthi amafutha avela enjini yomlilo yangaphakathi azoqala ukungena emzimbeni wakamuva. Futhi la mafutha ayingozi enjoloba lapho amathiphu amakhoyili enziwa khona.

Futhi, isizathu sokuthi ukuphuka kwenhlansi kuphumele ngaphandle kwesilinda akusethwe ngokungalungile izikhala kuma-spark plug. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi uma igebe landa. Ngokwemvelo, inhlansi kuleli cala ithinta kabi umzimba wekhandlela kanye nethiphu yerabha yekhoyili yokuthungela.

Izimpawu zekhoyili yomlilo ephukile

Izimpawu zekhoyili yomlilo ephukile kuhlanganisa iqiniso lokuthi injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ngezikhathi ezithile "i-troit" (i-triple ingokoqobo esimweni sezulu sezulu, futhi lapho iqala injini, "emakhazeni"), kukhona "ukwehluleka" lapho isheshisa imoto, lapho ihlola ikhoyili, kukhona. "izindlela" zokuwohloka kukagesi, ukushiswa koxhumana nabo, ukulandelela ukushisa okushisayo, ukuba khona kwenani elikhulu lokungcola kanye nemfucumfucu emzimbeni wekhoyili nokunye, okuncane, ukuphuka. Isizathu esivame kakhulu sokwehluleka kwekhoyili ukuphuka kwe-winding yayo yokuqala noma yesibili. Kwezinye izimo, vele ulimaze ukufakwa kwabo. Esigabeni sokuqala, ikhoyili izosebenza kakhulu noma ngaphansi ngokujwayelekile, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi izinkinga zizokhula, futhi izimpawu ezichazwe ngenhla zizozibonakalisa kakhulu.

Kunezibonakaliso ezimbalwa ezijwayelekile zokuwohloka kwekhoyili yokuthungela. Kuhle ukusho zisuka nje ukuthi ukwehlukana okubalwe ngezansi kungabangelwa ezinye izizathu, ngakho-ke ukuxilonga kusafanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela, okuhlanganisa nokuhlola isimo samakhoyili okushisa. Ngakho-ke, izimpawu zokuwohloka zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezimbili - zokuziphatha nezibonwayo. Ukuziphatha kuhlanganisa:

• Injini yomlilo yangaphakathi iqala "ukuhamba". Futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isimo siba sibi nakakhulu, okungukuthi, "ukusika" kuvezwa ngokucacile nakakhulu, amandla kanye namandla enjini yomlilo yangaphakathi alahlekile.
• Lapho uzama ukusheshisa ngokushesha, kwenzeka "ukwehluleka", futhi lapho ungenzi lutho, isivinini senjini asikhuli kakhulu ngendlela efanayo. kukhona nokulahlekelwa amandla ngaphansi komthwalo (lapho uthwala imithwalo esindayo, ushayela ukhuphuka, njalonjalo).
• "I-Tripling" yenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi ivame ukuvela esimweni sezulu esinemvula (esimanzi) nalapho iqala injini yomlilo yangaphakathi "ibanda" (ikakhulukazi evamile emazingeni okushisa aphansi).
• Kwezinye izimo (ezimotweni ezindala) iphunga likaphethiloli ongashile lingase libe khona ekhabetheni. Ezimotweni ezintsha, isimo esifanayo singenzeka lapho, esikhundleni samagesi akhipha imfucumfucu ahlanzekile kakhulu noma ahlanzekile, iphunga likaphethiloli ongashisi wenezelwa kuzo.

Lapho uqaqa ikhoyili yokubasa lapho iphuka, ungabona izimpawu zokuthi ayisebenzi ngokuphelele noma ingxenye yayo. Yebo, afaka:

• Ukuba khona "kwamathrekhi okuqhekeka" emzimbeni wekhoyili. Okusho ukuthi, isici semigqa emnyama lapho ugesi "ukhanya". Kwezinye, ikakhulukazi izimo "ezinganakiwe", izikali zenzeka kumathrekhi.
• Shintsha (i-turbidity, blackening) wombala we-dielectric kundlu yekhoyili yokuthungela.
• Ukwenza kube mnyama koxhumana nabo bakagesi nezixhumi ngenxa yokushiswa kwazo.
• Imikhondo yokushisa ngokweqile emzimbeni wekhoyili. Ngokuvamile zivezwa kwezinye "ama-streaks" noma ushintsho ku-geometry yecala kwezinye izindawo. Ezimweni "ezinzima", zingase zibe nephunga elishisayo.
• Ukungcola okuphezulu emzimbeni wekhoyili. Ikakhulukazi eduze nokuxhumana kukagesi. Iqiniso liwukuthi ukuwohloka kukagesi kungenzeka ngokuqondile phezu kothuli noma ukungcola. Ngakho-ke, kuyinto efiselekayo ukugwema isimo esinjalo.

uphawu oluyisisekelo lokuhluleka kwekhoyili ukungabikho kokuvutha kwengxube yamafutha. Kodwa-ke, lesi simo asibonakali ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngoba kwezinye izimo ingxenye yamandla kagesi isaya ekhandlelani, hhayi nje emzimbeni. Kulokhu, udinga ukwenza ukuxilongwa okwengeziwe.

Ezimotweni zesimanjemanje, uma kwenzeka kuphuka ikhoyili yokuthungela, i-ICE electronic control unit (ECU) izokwazisa umshayeli ngalokhu ngokuvula isibani se-Check Engine kudeshibhodi (kanye nekhodi yokuxilonga i-misfire). Kodwa-ke, ingakhanyisa ngenxa yokunye ukungasebenzi kahle, ngakho-ke lokhu kudinga ukuxilonga okwengeziwe kusetshenziswa isoftware nehardware.

Izimpawu zokonakala ezichazwe ngenhla zibalulekile uma amakhoyili awodwa efakwe enjinini evuthayo yangaphakathi. Uma umklamo uhlinzekela ukufakwa kwekhoyili eyodwa evamile kuwo wonke amasilinda, khona-ke injini yomlilo yangaphakathi izomisa ngokuphelele (lokhu, empeleni, kungesinye sezizathu zokuthi kungani amamojula amaningana efakwe emishinini yesimanje).

Ihlolwa kanjani ikhoyili ukuze ihlukane

Ungahlola ukuwohloka kwekhoyili yokuthungela ngenye yezindlela ezi-5, kodwa ngokuvamile, umshisekeli wemoto ovamile unethuba lokusebenzisa ezintathu kuphela zazo. Eyokuqala ukuhlola okubonakalayo, ngoba ngokuvamile indawo yokudilika ibonakala emehlweni; isheke lesibili nge-multimeter, kanti eyesithathu, futhi indlela esheshayo enokwethenjelwa kakhulu, uma kungekho okubonakala ngokubonakalayo, ukusebenzisa umhloli olula wesistimu yokuthungela (kulula ukukwenza ngokwakho).

Ukuxilongwa kwesistimu yokushisa

Izincomo zokuxilonga isistimu yokuthungela (ama-spark plug, izintambo, amakhoyili, imojuli). Iziyalezo zendlela yokuhlola amayunithi okuthungela imoto ngezandla zakho Funda kabanzi

 

Ukuhlola ukusebenza kwesistimu yokuthungela, okokuqala, kufanele usebenzise uhlelo lokufunda amaphutha kukhompyutha. Ngokuvamile ezimweni ezinjalo, kubonisa amaphutha avela kumaqembu P0300 futhi P0363, okubonisa misfires kwelinye amasilinda. Kodwa-ke, sicela uqaphele ukuthi kulokhu, amaphutha angabangelwa hhayi kuphela amakhoyili angalungile noma amathiphu e-spark plug. Ngakho-ke, ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi ukwehluleka kunomunye wabo, kufanelekile ukuhlela kabusha i-node yenkinga kwenye isilinda, ukusula amaphutha kumemori ye-ECU nokuxilonga futhi.

Uma inkinga ikukhoyili (sikhuluma ngekhoyili ngayinye), khona-ke isimo sephutha sizophinda, kodwa ngesinye isilinda esibonisiwe. Yiqiniso, lapho ukuphuka kwekhoyili, futhi kunezikhala, khona-ke usungakwazi ukuqonda ngokukhubeka kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi, ubone ithrekhi ye-insulator ephukile ngeso lakho, noma uzwe ngisho nokuqhekeka kwesici ngendlebe yakho. . Ngezinye izikhathi ebusuku, ngaphezu kwe-cod, ungabona futhi inhlansi ivela.

Ukuhlola okubonakalayo

Indlela elandelayo yokunquma ukuhlukana kwekhoyili yokuthungela iwukuyiqaqa futhi uyihlole ngokuyibuka. Njengoba umkhuba ubonisa, emzimbeni wekhoyili ngokuvamile akunzima ukuthola "indlela" yokuphuka lapho inhlansi "ithunga". Noma kufanele unake ama-chips, imigodi, ukwephulwa kwejometri emzimbeni wekhoyili, okwakungekho ngaphambili.

Ukukalwa kwamapharamitha

Kunezindlela ezimbili eziphoqelekile zokuhlola isimo sekhoyili yokuthungela - ukuhlola inhlansi kanye nokuhlola ukumelana nokushisa kwawo womabili ama-winding (amandla kagesi aphansi naphezulu). Ukuze ulinganise amapharamitha, uzodinga ipulaki yenhlansi esebenzayo kanye ne-multimeter enekhono lokulinganisa ukumelana nokufakwa kwe-insulation. Kodwa kuthembeke kakhulu ukusebenzisa isihloli sesizukulwane senhlansi, ngokuguqulwa okuncane kuphela, ukuze ukwazi ukushayela umqhubi kanye nomzimba wekhoyili futhi ubheke lelo phuzu elibuthakathaka le-insulation egqekezayo.

Umhloli wenhlansi ozenzelayo

Indlela ethakazelisa kakhulu futhi enokwethenjelwa yendlela yokuhlola ukuqhekeka kwekhoyili yokuthungela ukusebenzisa i-probe ekhethekile eyenziwe ekhaya. Kuyasiza lapho isici singabonakali ngokubonakalayo, ukuhlola ukumelana kwama-winding akuzange kuveze inkinga, futhi ayikho indlela yokusebenzisa i-oscilloscope. Ukuze wenze umhloli we-spark uzodinga:

• isipetu esilahlwayo esingu-20 cc;
• izingcezu ezimbili zocingo lwethusi oluguquguqukayo (i-PV3 noma efanayo) enendawo ephambanayo engu-1,5 ... 2,5 mm², ngayinye cishe ingxenye yemitha ubude;
• intaba encane yengwenya;
• i-spark plug eyaziwayo (ungathatha esetshenzisiwe);
• ucezu lokushisa luncipha ngobubanzi obukhudlwana kancane kunobubanzi obuphelele bocingo lwethusi olukhona;
• ucezu oluncane lwezintambo eziguquguqukayo;
• insimbi yokunamathisela kagesi;
• hacksaw manual noma kagesi (grinder);
• isibhamu esishisayo esine-silicone elayishwe ngaphambili kuso;
• i-screwdriver noma i-drill kagesi ene-drill enobubanzi obuyi-3 ... 4 mm.
• ummese owufakayo.

Ukulandelana kwenqubo yokukhiqiza kuqukethe lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:

Umhloli olungile

1. Ukusebenzisa ummese okhuphukayo, udinga ukususa "ikhala" layo esipeni, lapho inaliti ifakwa khona.
2. Ngesaha noma i-grinder yesandla, udinga ukusika intambo ekhandlelani ngendlela yokuthi ukhiphe ingxenye yomzimba lapho kufakwa khona le ntambo. Ngenxa yalokho, i-electrode kuphela izohlala phansi kwekhandlela.
3. Engxenyeni engenhla yomzimba wesirinji, imbobo yobubanzi obunjalo kufanele yenziwe ukuze ipulaki yenhlansi ecutshungulwe kusengaphambili ingafakwa lapho.
4. Isoda ngesibhamu esishisayo ezungeze iringi lapho kuhlangana khona ikhandlela nomzimba wesirinji yepulasitiki. kwenze ngokucophelela, ukuze ukhiqize kahle i-hydraulic kanye ne-insulation kagesi.
5. I-syringe plunger ezingxenyeni zayo zangaphambili nangemuva kufanele ibhojwe nge-screwdriver.
6. Emgodini oboshiwe engxenyeni engezansi, udinga ukudlulisa izingcezu ezimbili ezilungiselelwe ngaphambilini zocingo lwethusi oluguquguqukayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi lomunye wabo, udinga ukuthungatha i-crocodile mount elungiselelwe usebenzisa i-soldering iron. Ukuphela okuphambene nocingo lwesibili kufanele kukhishwe kancane (cishe u-1 cm noma ngaphansi).
7. Faka ucingo lwensimbi olulungisiwe embotsheni efanayo engxenyeni engenhla.
8. Cishe phakathi kwepiston, izintambo zethusi nocingo zixhunywe komunye nomunye zibe othintana naye oyedwa (solder).
9. Ukuhlangana kocingo ngocingo kufanele kuthengiswe ngesibhamu esishisayo ukuze kube namandla omshini nokuthembeka kokuxhumana.
10. Faka i-piston emuva emzimbeni wesirinji ukuze ucingo olungaphezulu kwepiston lube bude buduze ne-electrode ye-spark plug (ibanga lizolungiswa kamuva).

Unganquma kanjani ukwehlukana kwekhoyili yokuthungela ngesihloli senhlansi

Ngemuva kokuthi kwenziwe umhloli wasekhaya ukuze afune indawo yokungena, kuyinqubo okufanele yenziwe ngokuya nge-algorithm elandelayo:

Ukuthola ukwehlukana ngomhloli wasekhaya

1. Xhuma ikhoyili yokubasa ukuze ihlolwe ku-spark plug kusihloli.
2. Embobeni ehambisanayo (lapho ikhoyili inqanyuliwe), nqamula isixhumi ukuze uphethiloli ungagcwali kahle ipulaki yenhlansi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa.
3. Xhuma intambo ngesiqeshana sengwenya kutheminali enegethivu yebhethri noma uyibeke phansi.
4. Kusirinji, setha igebe elingaba ngu-1 ... 2 mm.
5. Qala i-DVS. Ngemuva kwalokho, kuzovela inhlansi emzimbeni wesirinji phakathi kwenhlansi nocingo.
6. Ingxenye ehlutshiwe yocingo lwesibili (exhunywe ngokuhambisana) kufanele ihanjiswe eduze nomzimba wekhoyili. Uma kukhona ukungena kuwo, khona-ke kuzovela inhlansi phakathi komzimba nokuphela kocingo, okungabonakala ngokucacile. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka hhayi kuphela ukuqinisekisa ubukhona bayo, kodwa futhi ukucacisa indawo okwenzeka ngayo ukuze kuqedwe okwengeziwe ukuwohloka.
7. Phinda kuwo wonke amakhoyili ngokushintshana, ngenkathi ukhumbula ukunqamula nokuxhuma ama-injection ahambisanayo kaphethiloli.

Indlela yokuqinisekisa ilula futhi iguquguquka. Ngosizo lwayo, awukwazi ukuthola kuphela indawo lapho inhlansi "ithunga" emzimbeni, kodwa futhi unqume isimo esijwayelekile sokusebenza sekhoyili yokuthungela.

Lokhu kwenziwa ngokulungisa igebe phakathi kwe-electrode ye-spark plug kanye nentambo ku-syringe plunger. Esigabeni sokuqala, igebe elincane libekwe ngenani elingaba ngu-1 ... 2 mm futhi liyakhula kancane kancane. Inani legebe lapho inhlansi inyamalala khona lincike kumthamo wenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi, uhlobo nesimo sesistimu yokuthungela, nezinye izici. Ngokwesilinganiso, injini yomlilo yangaphakathi enevolumu engaba ngamalitha angu-2 noma ngaphansi, ibanga okufanele linyamalale inhlansi lingaba ngu-12 mm, kodwa lokhu kunemibandela. Ngokuvamile, lapho uhlola wonke amakhoyili awodwa, ungamane uqhathanise umsebenzi wawo nomunye futhi uhlonze isici esinephutha, uma sikhona.

Indlela yokuqeda ukuhlukana

Ngokuqondene nombuzo wokuthi ungalungisa kanjani ukuwohloka okuvelile, kunezinketho ezimbili - ngokushesha ("insimu") futhi kancane ("igalaji"). Esimweni sokugcina, konke kulula - kuhle ukushintsha ngokuphelele ikhoyili, ikakhulukazi uma ukuphuka kubalulekile. Ngokuqondene nokulungiswa okusheshayo, i-tape kagesi noma i-glue isetshenziselwa lokhu.

Ukuvikela ikhoyili eyonakele

Umbuzo othakazelisa kakhulu kubanikazi bezimoto kulo mongo ukuthi ungaqeda kanjani ukuwohloka kwekhoyili yokuthungela injector? Esimweni esilula, okungukuthi, uma kukhona ukuwohloka okuncane kwenhlansi ecaleni (futhi lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokuqhekeka), ngemuva kokwenza indawo le ndawo, udinga ukusebenzisa izinto zokuvikela (i-tape yokuvikela, i-heat shrink), i-sealant, i-epoxy glue noma izindlela ezifanayo, kwezinye izimo, ngisho ne-nail polish isetshenziswa, kodwa i-varnish kufanele ingabi nambala kuphela, ngaphandle kwanoma yimaphi amapende kanye nezithasiselo), ukuvala indawo (indlela) yokuwohloka. Akunakwenzeka ukunikeza iseluleko sendawo yonke, konke kuncike esimweni esithile.

Lapho kulungiswa, kubalulekile ukuhlanza nokunciphisa indawo yokuphuka kukagesi ngaphambi kokufaka ungqimba oluvikelayo oluvikelayo kuyo. Lokhu kuzokwandisa inani lokumelana le-insulation ewumphumela. Uma, lapho i-insulation yonakalisiwe futhi kwenzeka ukuwohloka, uketshezi luvela kukhoyili (ngokuvamile lusuka kuphawu olonakele), khona-ke kufanelekile ukusebenzisa igrisi ye-dielectric.

Geza injini yomlilo yangaphakathi kuphela uma uqinisekile ngekhwalithi yezimpawu emithonjeni yamakhandlela, ukuze amanzi angangeni ngaphakathi kwawo. Uma kungenjalo, abathengisi abanobuqili bangase bakhohlise futhi batuse ukuthi ushintshe umhlangano wokuthungela.

Nokho, esimweni esinzima kakhulu, ungakwazi, vele, ukufaka ikhoyili entsha. Kungaba okwangempela noma kungabi okwangempela - kuya ngentengo. Abanikazi abaningi bezimoto basindiswe yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi "ukudiliza", okungukuthi, izindawo lapho ungathenga khona izingxenye ezisele ezimotweni ezihlakaziwe. Lapho ashibhile futhi kungenzeka ukuthola izingxenye zekhwalithi ephezulu.

Okokugcina, amagama ambalwa mayelana nezinyathelo zokuvimbela ezizokuvumela ukuthi ulahle izinkinga futhi usebenzise ikhoyili isikhathi eside kakhulu futhi ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Isilinganiso esilula kulo mongo siwukusebenzisa ukuncipha kokushisa kobubanzi obufanele (obukhulu), okumele busetshenziswe phezu kwethiphu yekhoyili yokuthungela. Inqubo ilula, into eyinhloko ukukhetha i-heat shrink yobukhulu obufanele nobubanzi, futhi ube nesomisi sezinwele (mhlawumbe isakhiwo esisodwa) noma uhlobo oluthile lokushisa kwegesi esandleni. Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokufaka i-shrink yokushisa, qiniseka ukuthi uhlanza futhi unciphise indawo yokusebenza yethiphu. Le nqubo ingasetshenziswa futhi hhayi njengendlela yokuvimbela, kodwa isilinganiso sokulungisa.

futhi, ukuvimbela, kuyinto efiselekayo ukugcina umzimba wekhoyili, nezinye izakhi zenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi, esimweni esihlanzekile ukuze kungabikho "izinhlansi ezikhanyayo" ngokungcola nothuli. Futhi lapho ushintsha ama-spark plug, sebenzisa igrisi ye-dielectric kuma-spark plugs.