Izimpawu zenzwa ye-camshaft embi

Iyini inzwa ye-camshaft?

Ukusebenza kweyunithi yamandla ezimotweni zesimanje kulawulwa ngogesi. I-ECU (iyunithi yokulawula i-elekthronikhi) ikhiqiza ama-pulses okulawula ngokusekelwe ekuhlaziyweni kwezimpawu ezivela kuzinzwa eziningi. Izinzwa ezibekwe ezindaweni ezahlukene zenza kube lula ukuthi i-ECU ihlole isimo senjini nganoma yisiphi isikhathi futhi ilungise ngokushesha imingcele ethile.

Phakathi kwezinzwa ezinjalo kukhona i-camshaft position sensor (DPRV). Isignali yayo ikuvumela ukuba uvumelanise ukusebenza kohlelo lomjovo wengxube evuthayo kumasilinda enjini.

Ezinjinini eziningi zomjovo, kusetshenziswa umjovo osakazwa ngokulandelana (ngezigaba) wengxube. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-ECU ivula i-nozzle ngayinye ngokushintshana, iqinisekisa ukuthi ingxube ye-air-fuel ingena kumasilinda ngaphambi nje kokushaywa unhlangothi. I-Phasing, okungukuthi, ukulandelana okulungile kanye nomzuzu olungile wokuvula ama-nozzles, ihlinzeka nge-DPRV, yingakho ngokuvamile ibizwa ngokuthi inzwa yesigaba.

Ukusebenza okujwayelekile kohlelo lomjovo kukuvumela ukuthi ufinyelele amandla omlilo wengxube evuthayo, ukwandise amandla enjini futhi ugweme ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okungadingekile.

Idivayisi nezinhlobo zezinzwa zokuma kwe-camshaft

Ezimotweni, ungathola izinhlobo ezintathu zezinzwa zesigaba:

• ngokusekelwe kumphumela weHholo;
• ukungeniswa;
• optical.

Isazi sefiziksi saseMelika u-Edwin Hall sathola ngo-1879 ukuthi uma umqhubi oxhunywe kumthombo wamanje oqondile ebekwe endaweni kazibuthe, khona-ke umehluko ongaba khona oguqukayo uvela kulo mqhubi.

I-DPRV, esebenzisa lesi simo, ngokuvamile ibizwa ngokuthi inzwa yeHholo. Umzimba wedivayisi uqukethe uzibuthe ongunaphakade, isekethe kazibuthe kanye ne-microcircuit enezici ezibucayi. I-voltage yokunikezela inikezwa kudivayisi (imvamisa i-12 V ukusuka ebhethri noma i-5 V kusuka kusinzinzisi esihlukile). Isignali ithathwa ekuphumeni kwe-amplifier yokusebenza etholakala ku-microcircuit, ephakelwa kukhompuyutha.

Idizayini yenzwa yeHholo ingafakwa

futhi ekugcineni

Esimweni sokuqala, amazinyo ediski yereferensi ye-camshaft adlula ku-slot sensor, esimweni sesibili, phambi kobuso bokuphela.

Inqobo nje uma imigqa yamandla kazibuthe ingadluleli nensimbi yamazinyo, kukhona i-voltage ethile entweni ebucayi, futhi asikho isignali ekuphumeni kwe-DPRV. Kodwa ngesikhathi lapho ibhentshi liwela imigqa yamagnetic, i-voltage entweni ebucayi iyanyamalala, futhi ekuphumeni kwedivayisi isignali ikhuphuka cishe enanini le-voltage yokuhlinzeka.

Ngamadivayisi afakiwe, idiski yokubeka imvamisa isetshenziswa, enegebe lomoya. Uma leli gebe lidlula endaweni kazibuthe yenzwa, kukhiqizwa i-control pulse.

Kanye nedivayisi yokugcina, njengomthetho, idiski enamazinyo isetshenziswa.

I-disk eyireferensi kanye nenzwa yesigaba ifakwe ngendlela yokuthi i-pulse yokulawula ithunyelwe ku-ECU ngesikhathi i-piston ye-cylinder 1 idlula isikhungo esiphezulu esifile (TDC), okungukuthi, ekuqaleni kwesitsha esisha. umjikelezo wokusebenza kweyunithi. Ezinjinini zikadizili, ukwakheka kwama-pulses kuvame ukuvela ku-cylinder ngayinye ngokwehlukana.

Yinzwa yeHholo evame ukusetshenziswa njenge-DPRV. Kodwa-ke, ungathola inzwa yohlobo lokungeniswa, lapho kukhona khona uzibuthe unomphela, futhi ikhoyili ye-inductance ilinyazwe phezu komgogodla ozibuthe. Inkambu kazibuthe eshintshayo ngesikhathi sokudlula amaphoyinti ereferensi idala amathonya kagesi kukhoyili.

Amadivayisi ohlobo lwe-Optical asebenzisa i-optocouupler, futhi ama-pulses okulawula akhiqizwa lapho uxhumano lwe-optical phakathi kwe-LED ne-photodiode luphazamiseka lapho kudlula izilinganiso. I-Optical DPRVs ayikakatholi ukusetshenziswa okubanzi embonini yezimoto, nakuba ingatholakala kwamanye amamodeli.

Yiziphi izimpawu ezikhombisa ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-DPRV

Inzwa yesigaba inikeza imodi elungile yokuhlinzeka ngengxube yamafutha omoya kumasilinda kanye nenzwa yokuma kwe-crankshaft (DPKV). Uma inzwa yesigaba iyeka ukusebenza, iyunithi yokulawula ibeka iyunithi yamandla kumodi ephuthumayo, lapho umjovo wenziwa ngamapheya ngokuhambisana ngokusekelwe kusignali ye-DPKV. Kulokhu, ama-nozzles amabili avuleka ngesikhathi esisodwa, enye i-stroke yokuthatha, enye i-stroke yokukhipha. Ngale ndlela yokusebenza kweyunithi, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kukhuphuka ngokuphawulekayo. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli ngokweqile kungenye yezimpawu eziyinhloko zokungasebenzi kahle kwe-camshaft sensor.

Ngaphezu kokukhuphuka kwe-voracity yenjini, ezinye izimpawu zingabonisa izinkinga nge-DPRV:

• engazinzile, ngezikhathi ezithile, ukusebenza kwezimoto;
• ubunzima bokuqalisa injini, kungakhathaliseki izinga lokufudumala kwayo;
• ukwanda kokushisa kwe-motor, njengoba kufakazelwa ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa le-coolant uma kuqhathaniswa nokusebenza okuvamile;
• inkomba HLOLA INJINI ikhanyisa kudeshibhodi, futhi ikhompuyutha esebhodini ikhipha ikhodi yephutha ehambisanayo.

Kungani i-DPRV yehluleka nokuthi ungayibheka kanjani

Inzwa yendawo ye-camshaft ingase ingasebenzi ngenxa yezizathu ezimbalwa.

1. Okokuqala, hlola idivayisi futhi uqiniseke ukuthi akukho umonakalo mechanical.
2. Ukufundwa kwe-DPRV okungalungile kungabangelwa igebe elikhulu kakhulu phakathi kobuso bokugcina benzwa kanye nediski yokusetha. Ngakho-ke, hlola ukuthi ingabe inzwa ihlezi iqinile esihlalweni sayo futhi ayihlangani ngenxa yebhawudi elikhwezayo eliqiniswe kabi.
3. Njengoba uke wakhipha i-terminal ngaphambilini ku-negative yebhethri, nqamula isixhumi senzwa futhi ubone ukuthi kukhona ukungcola noma amanzi kuso, uma abathintwayo benziwe i-oxidized. Hlola ubuqotho bezintambo. Kwesinye isikhathi ziyabola endaweni yokuhlanganisa izikhonkwane, ngakho-ke zidonse kancane ukuze uzihlole.
   
   Ngemva kokuxhuma ibhethri nokuvula okomlilo, qiniseka ukuthi kukhona i-voltage ku-chip phakathi koxhumene nabo ngokwedlulele. Ukutholakala kwamandla kuyadingeka ku-sensor yeHholo (ene-chip-pin chip), kodwa uma i-DPRV iwuhlobo lokungeniswa (i-chip-pin chip), ngakho-ke ayidingi amandla.
4. Ngaphakathi kwedivayisi ngokwayo, isifunda esifushane noma isifunda esivulekile singenzeka; i-microcircuit ingase ishe kunzwa yeHholo. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokushisa ngokweqile noma ukunikezwa kwamandla okungazinzile.
5. Inzwa yesigaba ingase futhi ingasebenzi ngenxa yokulimala kwediski enkulu (inkomba).

Ukuze uhlole ukusebenza kwe-DPRV, yisuse esihlalweni sayo. Amandla kufanele anikezwe inzwa yeHholo (i-chip ifakiwe, ibhethri lixhunyiwe, ukuthungela kuvuliwe). Uzodinga i-multimeter kumodi yokulinganisa i-voltage ye-DC emkhawulweni ongaba ngu-30 volts. Okungcono, sebenzisa i-oscilloscope.

Faka ama-probe edivayisi yokulinganisa ngamathiphu abukhali (izinaliti) kusixhumi ngokuwaxhuma kuphinikhodi 1 (intambo evamile) kanye nophini 2 (intambo yesiginali). Imitha kufanele ibone i-voltage yokuhlinzeka. Letha into yensimbi, isibonelo, ekupheleni noma endaweni yocingo. I-voltage kufanele yehle icishe ibe ziro.

Ngendlela efanayo, ungabheka inzwa yokungeniswa, izinguquko ze-voltage kuyo kuphela ezizohluka. I-DPRV yohlobo lokungeniswa ayidingi amandla, ngakho-ke ingasuswa ngokuphelele ukuze ihlolwe.

Uma inzwa ingaphenduli nganoma iyiphi indlela ekusondeleni kwento yensimbi, khona-ke inephutha futhi kufanele ishintshwe. Ayifanele ukukhandwa.

Kumamodeli ezimoto ahlukene, ama-DPRV ezinhlobo ezahlukene kanye nemiklamo angasetshenziswa, ngaphezu kwalokho, angaklanyelwe ama-voltages ahlukene wokuhlinzeka. Ukuze ungenzi iphutha, thenga inzwa entsha enomaka afanayo nedivayisi eshintshwayo.

Bheka futhi

Nweba Ukuwa