Ukulungiswa kwenjini. Nini, ngani futhi kanjani

Akukho lutho emhlabeni oluhlala phakade. Lokhu kuyasebenza ngempela injini yemoto. Insiza yayo ingaba yinde kakhulu, kodwa ingapheli. Iyunithi yamandla ingaphansi kwemithwalo ebaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ngakho-ke, ngisho nangesimo sengqondo sokuqaphela ngayo, ngokushesha noma kamuva kufika isikhashana lapho kungasakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kokulungiswa okunzima. Ukulungiswa kabusha kwenjini kuwumsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi futhi odla isikhathi ongenziwa ochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imishini ekhethekile namathuluzi ayadingeka. Imizamo yokugxambukela okungafanelekile iyomane yenze isimo sibe sibi futhi iholele ezindlekweni zezimali ezengeziwe.

Yini eholela ekuncipheni kwempilo yenjini

Ukusebenza okungalungile kanye nokunganakwa kwezincomo zabakhiqizi kusheshisa ukuguga kweyunithi futhi kuyisondeze ekulungisweni.

Phakathi kwezici ezingezinhle ezinomthelela ekugugelweni nasekucekeleni phansi kwezingxenye zenjini kanye nama-assemblies, okulandelayo kungahlukaniswa.

1. Ukungalandelwa kwemvamisa yokushintshwa kwesigcobo senjini nesihlungi sikawoyela Ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha enjini kunciphisa kakhulu ukuhuzuka kwezingxenye ezisebenzisanayo phakathi nokusebenza. Amafutha ajikelezayo ohlelweni lokugcoba kusiza ukususa ukushisa okweqile futhi kusiza ukugwema ukushisa ngokweqile kwemoto. Lokhu futhi kususa imikhiqizo yokungqubuzana kanye nemfucumfucu ezikhala phakathi kwezingxenye zokuhlikihla.
2. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izici zokusebenza zamafutha emoto ziyawohloka futhi ziba zingafanelekile ukwenza imisebenzi yazo ngokugcwele. Ngakho-ke, kufanele ishintshwe ngesikhathi esifanele ngezikhathi eziphakanyisiwe kusiza ukuhlanza uwoyela futhi kugweme ukungena kwezinhlayiya zangaphandle ohlelweni lokugcoba, okubangela ukuguga okusheshayo kwezingxenye zokuhlikihla.
3. Ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha angalungile noma okokugcoba okushibhile kwekhwalithi engabazekayo Injini ngayinye inezici zayo ezithile futhi idinga izici ezifanele ekusebenzeni kwayo okuvamile. Ukusebenzisa okokugcoba okungafanelekile noma okusezingeni eliphansi kungase kunganiki umphumela owanele, futhi kwezinye izimo kuze kuholele emiphumeleni emibi.
4. Ephansi.
5. Ukwephulwa kweminqamulajuqu yokwenza umsebenzi ojwayelekile. Ukugcinwa okufika ngesikhathi ezimweni eziningi kukuvumela ukuthi ubone izinkinga ngaphambi kokuba ziholele ekulimaleni okukhulu.
6. Isitayela sokushayela esinolaka, ukusebenza njalo kwenjini ngesivinini esiphezulu, iqala kungazelelwe ngemva kokuma emarobhothini.
7. Ngenxa yokwanda kwe-viscosity kawoyela, izingxenye zenjini zingase zilambe uwoyela ngesikhathi kuqala amakhaza ebusika. Uma lokhu kwenzeka kaningi, khona-ke lokhu kuzophinde kuthinte insiza yenjini.
8. Uphethiloli wekhwalithi ephansi. Uphethiloli omubi unomthelela ekwakhekeni kwe-carbon deposit ezindongeni zesilinda, okungagcina kuholele ekubanjweni kwepiston. Kulokhu, izingxenye zepulasitiki nezimpawu zenjoloba nazo ziguga kakhulu.
9. Ukuziba izimpawu zokungasebenzi kahle ekusebenzeni kweyunithi.

Uma kunezimpawu zokungasebenzi kahle kwezimoto, kodwa ubambezela isisombululo senkinga, khona-ke inkinga encane ingakhula ibe enkulu.

Ama-spark plug akhethwe ngokungafanele, isikhathi esingalungile sesikhathi, kanye nesistimu yomjovo kaphethiloli engalungile nakho kunomthelela ekugugeni kwenjini ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Yiziphi izimpawu ezizokutshela ukuthi ukushintshwa kwenjini sekuseduze

Ngesikhathi sokusebenza okujwayelekile, injini yemoto yesimanje ngaphandle kokulungiswa okukhulu isebenza ngesilinganiso samakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-200-300, kancane kancane - kufika ku-500 ayizinkulungwane. Amanye amayunithi edizili ekhwalithi enhle angahlala ayizinkulungwane ezingama-600-700, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nangaphezulu.

Ezinye izimpawu ekuziphatheni kwenjini zingase zisikisele ukuthi leso sikhathi esingemnandi siyeza lapho ukulungiswa kuzoba isidingo esiphuthumayo.

1. Ngokuphawulekayo ukwanda kwesifiso senjini sokuthambisa. Uma manje bese kufanele wengeze amafutha enjini, khona-ke kukhona amathuba aphezulu kakhulu ukuthi iyunithi yamandla idinga ukulungiswa. Izizathu zokwanda kokusetshenziswa kwe-lubricant nakho kungaba ukuvuza kwamafutha, ama-valve stem seal anephutha kanye
2. Ukwenyuka kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli.
3. Ukuncipha okukhulu kwamandla eyunithi.
4. Ukucindezelwa okuncishisiwe kumasilinda.
5. Izinkinga ezihlala njalo ngokuqalisa injini.
6. Injini ishisa ngokweqile.
7. Ukuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni kweyunithi, ukuphinda kathathu, ukuqhunyiswa, ukungqongqoza neminye imisindo engaphandle ngokusobala.
8. Ukungenzi kahle.
9. Ukukhipha intuthu.

Uma injini ingafudumali, kuyinto evamile ukuthi isitimu esimhlophe siphume epayipini le-exhaust emazingeni okushisa aphansi noma kunomswakama ophezulu. Nokho, umusi omhlophe ophuma enjinini efudumele ubonisa ukuthi i-antifreeze ingenile emagumbini omlilo. Isizathu singase sibe i-gasket eyonakele noma ukuqhekeka kwekhanda le-cylinder.

I-exhaust emnyama ikhombisa ukushiswa okungaphelele kwengxube nokwakheka kwensisi, okusho ukuthi kunezinkinga ohlelweni lomjovo noma lokuthungela. Intuthu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka evela epayipini lokukhipha umoya ikhombisa ukushiswa kukawoyela okukhuphukile kanye nezinkinga ezingaba khona ngeqembu lokuxhumanisa nepiston. Ukubukeka kwesinye sezibonakaliso ezingenhla akusona isizathu sokuqala ukulungiswa kabusha kwenjini.

Mhlawumbe inkinga ingaxazululwa ngaphandle kwe "capital" ebizayo futhi enzima. Kodwa ukuba khona kwezimpawu eziningana ezishaqisayo ngesikhathi esisodwa kubonisa ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokuthumela injini yakho ukuze ilungiswe kabusha. Vele uqale uqiniseke ukuthi ukungasebenzi kahle akubangelwa yinoma yiziphi ezinye izizathu, ngaphandle kwalokho izindleko ezinkulu zezimali zingase zibe yize.

Ingabe ukulungiswa kabusha kwenjini kuhlanganisani?

Ukulungiswa kabusha kuklanyelwe ukubuyisela ukusebenza kwasekuqaleni kweyunithi yamandla ngokwezinga eliphezulu elingafinyeleleka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukulungiswa kabusha akufanele kudidaniswe ne-bulkhead, lapho iyunithi ihlakazwa, ihlolwe futhi ivinjelwe, futhi ezinye zezingxenye eziyinkinga kakhulu zishintshwa. "I-Kapitalka" iyinqwaba yemisebenzi yokubuyisela, ehlinzeka ngokuxilongwa okuphelele nokushintshwa kwenani elikhulu lezingxenye.

Ukulungisa kabusha kudinga oomakhenikha bezimoto abanamakhono aphezulu futhi ngokuvamile kubiza kakhulu. Kungase kwenzeke ukuthola izinketho ezishibhile, kodwa ikhwalithi yomsebenzi ezimweni ezinjalo ingase ibe nokungabaza. Kungenzeka ukuthi imali eningi izophonswa emoyeni. Ngakho-ke, uma injini yakho idinga "i-capital", kufanele wenze ukukhetha okunzima. Akunakwenzeka ukusho kusengaphambili ukuthi ukuguqulwa kuzobiza malini.

Konke kuzoncika esimweni esithile seyunithi nokuthi yiziphi izingxenye ezizodinga ukushintshwa. "I-Kapitalka" iqala ngokudilizwa nokuhlakazwa kwenjini. Iyunithi ihlanzwa ngamafutha, i-sealant, i-soot nezinye idiphozithi kusetshenziswa imishini ekhethekile. Khona-ke ukuhlolwa okuphelele, ukuxazulula izinkinga kuyenziwa, izilinganiso ezidingekayo ziyenziwa.

Ukuvunyelwa phakathi kwepiston nodonga lwesilinda kufanele kube ngaphakathi kuka-0,15 mm. Uma kungenjalo, amasilinda ensimbi anesithukuthezi futhi izindonga zipholishwe kusetshenziswa lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ama-honing head (ukupholisha okunjalo kubizwa nge-honing). Ngakho-ke, amasilinda alungiselelwe ukufakwa kwama-piston amasha namasongo osayizi owandayo (wokulungisa).

Uma ibhulokhi yesilinda yenziwe nge-aluminium, ukubhoreka kwenzelwa ukufakwa kwezihlahla ze-iron-cast (imikhono) Ukuxazulula inkinga ku-Crankshaft kuhlanganisa ukukala amadayamitha wejenali yenduku eyinhloko kanye nenduku yokuxhuma. Kuye ngesimo, i-crankshaft iyabuyiselwa noma ishintshwe.Ukulungiswa kabusha kufaka phakathi inqubo yokuhlola ingcindezi yesilinda block kanye nekhanda le-cylinder, lapho ukuqina kwamashaneli esistimu yokupholisa kuhlolwa khona.

Imifantu iyasuswa, izindawo zokukhwelana ze-cylinder block kanye nekhanda ziyahlolwa bese zipholishwa Ipompo likawoyela liyahlakazwa bese liyahlolwa, lishintshwe uma kunesidingo, Imibhobho iyahlolwa futhi ihlanzwe.Wonke ama-gaskets, liner, seal kanye namaringi kufanele kushintshwe. Ama-valve kanye nezihlahla zawo eziqondisayo ziyashintsha.

Ngokuya ngezinga lokuguga nokugcinwa, ezinye izingxenye ziyashintshwa noma zilungiswe Ukuze izingxenye ezisebenzisanayo zijwayelane, ngemva kokuhlanganisa injini, kubanda ukugijima ihora endaweni ekhethekile. Khona-ke iyunithi ifakwe emotweni, injini entsha kanye namafutha okudlulisa athululelwa, kanye nokupholisa okusha. Futhi ekugcineni, ukulungiswa okudingekayo kwenziwa (ukuthungela, idling, ukuqeda ubuthi).

ukugijima okushisayo

Ngemva kokulungiswa okukhulu, injini kufanele isetshenziswe okungenani amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-3-5. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukusheshisa okubukhali, ukubhuleka kwenjini kufanele kugwenywe, isivinini esikhulu akufanele sisetshenziswe kabi futhi, ngokuvamile, indlela yokusebenza yokulondoloza kufanele ibonwe. Ungakhohlwa ukufudumala injini ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukushayela.

Ukushintshwa okungavamile kwamafutha enjini kanye nesihlungi sikawoyela kuzoba usizo kakhulu, ngoba ngesikhathi sokuqothuka kwezingxenye, kuzoba nama-chips amaningi kanye nezinye izinsalela kunokujwayelekile. Ukushintshwa kokuqala kunconywa ngemuva kokugijima kwamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-1, bese kulandela enye izinkulungwane ezingu-4-5.