Umgomo wokusebenza nokuklama kwezinxephezelo zamavalvu we-hydraulic

Izingxenye zokusabalalisa igesi yenjini zingaphansi kwemithwalo esindayo kanye namazinga okushisa aphezulu ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Anwebeka ngokungalingani uma eshiswa ngoba enziwe ngama-alloys ahlukene. Ukwakha ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwama-valve, umklamo kufanele unikeze igebe elikhethekile lokushisa phakathi kwabo namakhamera we-camshaft, avala lapho injini isebenza.

Igebe kufanele lihlale lingaphakathi kwemingcele enqunyiwe, ngakho-ke ama-valve kufanele alungiswe ngezikhathi ezithile, okungukuthi, khetha ama-pusher noma ama-washers osayizi ofanele. Izinxephezelo zeHydraulic zikuvumela ukuthi ukhiphe isidingo sokulungisa igebe elishisayo futhi unciphise umsindo lapho injini ibanda.

Idizayini yesinxephezelo seHydraulic

Izinxephezelo zeHydraulic zilungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ushintsho esikhaleni sokushisa. Isiqalo esithi "hydro" sisho isenzo soketshezi oluthile ekusebenzeni komkhiqizo. Lolu ketshezi luwuwoyela ohlinzekwa ngaphansi kwengcindezi kubanxephezeli. Isistimu yentwasahlobo eyinkimbinkimbi nenembayo ngaphakathi ilawula ukucaciswa.

Ukusetshenziswa kwama-hydraulic lifters kunezinzuzo ezilandelayo:

• asikho isidingo sokulungiswa ngezikhathi ezithile kwama-valve;
• ukusebenza kahle kwesikhathi;
• ukunciphisa umsindo ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwenjini;
• ukwanda kwensiza yamanodi emishini yokusabalalisa igesi.

Izingxenye eziyinhloko ze-hydraulic compensator yilezi:

• umzimba;
• i-plunger noma i-plunger pair;
• i-plunger bushing;
• i-plunger spring;
• i-plunger valve (ibhola).

Indlela ama-hydraulic lifter asebenza ngayo

Ukusebenza kwedivayisi kungachazwa ngezigaba eziningana:

• Ikhamera ye-camshaft ayifaki ingcindezi kusinxephezelo futhi ibhekene nayo ngohlangothi lwayo lwangemuva, negebe elincane phakathi kwazo. I-plunger spring ngaphakathi kwesinxephezelo iphusha i-plunger ngaphandle komkhono. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-cavity yenziwa ngaphansi kwe-plunger, egcwele amafutha ngaphansi kwengcindezi ngokusebenzisa umzila ohlangene nomgodi emzimbeni. Umthamo wamafutha ugcwaliswa ezingeni elidingekayo futhi i-valve yebhola ivaliwe ngesiphethu. I-pusher ihlezi ngokumelene nekhamera, ukunyakaza kwe-plunger kuyama futhi isiteshi samafutha siyavala. Kulokhu, igebe liyanyamalala.
• Uma ikhamera iqala ukuphenduka, icindezela isinxephezelo esisebenza ngamanzi bese iyihambisa phansi. Ngenxa yomthamo wamafutha aqoqiwe, ipheya ye-plunger iba lukhuni futhi idlulisele amandla kuvalvu. I-valve yokucindezela iyavuleka bese ingxube ye-air-fuel ingena ekamelweni elivuthayo.
• Lapho wehla, amanye amafutha aphuma emgodini ngaphansi kwe-plunger. Ngemva kokuba ikhamera isidlulile esigabeni esisebenzayo somthelela, umjikelezo wokusebenza uyaphindwa futhi.

Isinxephezelo se-hydraulic siphinde silawule igebe elibangelwa ukuguga kwemvelo kwezingxenye zesikhathi. Lena indlela elula, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo eyinkimbinkimbi yokukhiqiza ngokufakwa okunembile kwezingxenye.

Ukusebenza kahle kwama-hydraulic lifters kuncike kakhulu ekucindezelweni kukawoyela ohlelweni kanye ne-viscosity yawo. Amafutha e-viscous kakhulu futhi abandayo ngeke akwazi ukungena emzimbeni we-pusher ngenani elidingekayo. Ukucindezela okuphansi nokuvuza nakho kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle komshini.

Izinhlobo ze-hydraulic compensators

Ngokuya ngemishini yesikhathi, kunezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko zama-hydraulic lifters:

• ama-hydraulic pushers;
• ama-roller hydraulic pushers;
• ukwesekwa kwamanzi;
• izisekelo ze-hydraulic ezifakwe ngaphansi kwezingalo ze-rocker noma izinsimbi.

Zonke izinhlobo zinomklamo ohluke kancane, kodwa zinesimiso esifanayo sokusebenza. Okuvame kakhulu ezimotweni zesimanje ama-hydraulic tappets ajwayelekile ane-flat support ye-camshaft cam. Lezi zindlela zifakwe ngqo esiqwini se-valve. Ikhamera ye-camshaft isebenza ngqo ku-hydraulic pusher.

Lapho i-camshaft isendaweni ephansi, izisekelo ze-hydraulic zifakwa ngaphansi kwezinsimbi nezingalo ze-rocker. Kulolu hlelo, ikhamera iphusha umshini ukusuka ngezansi futhi amandla adluliselwa ku-valve nge-lever noma ingalo ye-rocker.

Ama-roller hydro bearings asebenza ngesimiso esifanayo. Amarola axhumene namakhamera asetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana. Ama-roller hydraulic bearings asetshenziswa kakhulu ezinjinini zaseJapan.

Izinzuzo nezingozi nebubi

Izinxephezelo ze-hydraulic zivimbela izinkinga eziningi zobuchwepheshe ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwenjini. Asikho isidingo sokulungisa igebe elishisayo, isibonelo ngamawasha. Ompompi bama-hydraulic banciphisa umsindo nokuthuthumela. Ukusebenza okushelelayo nokulungile kunciphisa ukuguga ezingxenyeni zesikhathi.

Phakathi kwezinzuzo kukhona nokungahleleki. Izinjini ezinezinxephezelo ze-hydraulic zinezici zazo. Okusobala kakhulu kwalokhu ukusebenza okungalingani kwenjini ebandayo lapho iqala. Kukhona ukungqongqoza okuyisici okunyamalalayo lapho izinga lokushisa nokucindezela kufinyelelwa. Lokhu kungenxa yomfutho kawoyela onganele ekuqaleni. Ayingeni abanxephezeli, kube khona ongqongqozayo.

Okunye okubi yizindleko zezingxenye nezinkonzo. Uma kudingekile ukuyishintsha, kufanele inikezwe uchwepheshe. Izinxephezelo ze-Hydraulic nazo zifuna izinga likawoyela nokusebenza kwalo lonke uhlelo lokugcoba. Uma usebenzisa amafutha ekhwalithi ephansi, khona-ke lokhu kungathinta ngokuqondile ukusebenza kwabo.

Ukungasebenzi kahle okungenzeka kanye nezimbangela zabo

Ukungqongqoza okuwumphumela kubonisa ukungasebenzi kahle kwendlela yokusabalalisa igesi. Uma kukhona amajoyinti okwandisa ama-hydraulic, isizathu singase sibe:

• Ukungasebenzi kahle kwama-hydraulic pushers ngokwawo - ukwehluleka kwe-plunger pair noma ukugxuma kwama-plunger, ukugxuma kwe-valve yebhola, ukugqokwa kwemvelo;
• Ukucindezela kwamafutha aphansi ohlelweni;
• Amaphaseji kawoyela avaleleke ekhanda lesilinda;
• Umoya ohlelweni lokuthambisa.

Kungaba nzima kumshayeli ojwayelekile ukuthola isilungisi semivimbo esinephutha. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa, isibonelo, ukusebenzisa i-stethoscope yemoto. Kwanele ukulalela isiphakamisi se-hydraulic ngasinye ukuhlonza esilimele ngokungqongqoza kwaso.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungabheka ukusebenza kwezinxephezelo, ungakwazi, uma kungenzeka, uzisuse enjinini. Akufanele zishwabane lapho zigcwele. Ezinye izinhlobo zingahlakazwa futhi izinga lokuguga lezingxenye zangaphakathi linganqunywa.

Uwoyela wezinga eliphansi uholela emigudwini kawoyela evalekile. Lokhu kungalungiswa ngokushintsha uwoyela ngokwawo, isihlungi samafutha kanye nokuhlanza ama-hydraulic lifters ngokwawo. Ingawashwa ngoketshezi olukhethekile, i-acetone noma uphethiloli we-octane ephezulu. Ngokuqondene namafutha, uma inkinga ikuyo, khona-ke ngemva kokuyishintsha, lokhu kufanele kusize ukuqeda ukungqongqoza.

Ochwepheshe batusa ukushintshwa hhayi abanxephezeli ngabanye, kodwa konke ngesikhathi esisodwa. Lokhu kumele kwenziwe ngemva kwebanga amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane 150-200. Kuleli banga, ziguga ngokwemvelo.

Lapho ushintsha izinxephezelo ze-hydraulic, amanye ama-nuances kufanele acatshangelwe:

• Izimpompi ezintsha ezisebenza nge-hydraulic sezigcwele uwoyela. Lawa mafutha awadingi ukususwa. Amafutha axutshwe ohlelweni lokugcoba futhi umoya awungeni ohlelweni;
• Ngemuva kokugeza noma ukuhlakazwa, izinxephezelo "ezingenalutho" (ngaphandle kwamafutha) akufanele zifakwe. Yile ndlela umoya ongangena ngayo ohlelweni;
• Ngemva kokufaka izinxephezelo ezintsha ze-hydraulic, kunconywa ukuzungezisa i-crankshaft izikhathi eziningana. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze ama-plunger pairs angene esimweni sokusebenza futhi ingcindezi iyanda;
• Ngemuva kokufaka esikhundleni se-compensator, kunconywa ukuthi ushintshe amafutha nesihlungi.

Ukuze ugcine amajoyinti okunweba okudonsa amanzi angadali izinkinga ezimbalwa ngangokunokwenzeka ngesikhathi sokusebenza, sebenzisa uwoyela wezinga eliphezulu onconywe encwadini yomnikazi wemoto. Kuyadingeka futhi ukulandela imithetho yokushintsha amafutha nezihlungi. Uma lezi zincomo zilandelwa, ama-hydraulic lifters azohlala isikhathi eside.