ukulimala kwegiya lokugijima lemoto. Izimpawu nezimbangela

Izingxenye eziyinhloko zengxenye yemoto amasondo kanye nokumiswa okuxhunywe emzimbeni. Ukuze unciphise umthelela wethonya emzimbeni nakwezinye izingxenye zemoto, kanye nabantu abakuyo, kunezici zokunwebeka ku-chassis - amathayi, iziphethu. Ukudambisa ukudlidliza nokunyakaza okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokunyakaza, kusetshenziswa izakhi ezimanzi ().

Ngokuvamile, i-chassis iklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba kwemoto emgwaqeni ngezinga elifanele lokulawula, ukuphepha nokunethezeka. Lokhu kuyingxenye ebucayi yemoto, ikakhulukazi ezweni lakithi, lapho imigwaqo ishiya kakhulu, futhi ngokuvamile ayihlukani kakhulu nangaphandle komgwaqo. Ngenxa yezinga eliphansi lemigwaqo, i-chassis yiyona esengozini kakhulu uma ushayela. ukuphuka kungavela kancane kancane, njengoba izingxenye ziguga, noma zenzeke ngokuzumayo ngenxa yokuwela emgodini noma, isibonelo, ukungqubuzana okubukhali nonqenqema.

Uma uqaphela ukuthi ukuphatha kuye kwaba nzima, imoto idonsela eceleni, kukhona ukunyakaza, ukwehla noma ukugoqa okuphawulekayo emakhoneni, ukukhala, ukungqongqoza noma eminye imisindo engaphandle, sekuyisikhathi sokucabanga ngesimo sokumiswa nokuxilonga. yona. Uma wenza lokhu ngokushesha, mancane amathuba okuthi kuzofika engozini noma umonakalo omkhulu.

Qala ngokulula - qiniseka ukuthi amathayi afanayo angakwesokudla nesobunxele se-ekseli ngayinye. Ukuhlonza ingcindezi emathayini, kungenzeka ukuthi kungenxa yamathayi angaphansi kwamandla okwenza imoto iziphathe ngendlela engafanele.

Ake sicabangele ezinye izimpawu ukuziphatha uncharacteristic imoto ngenxa yezinkinga ezingaba khona chassis.

Uma imoto idonsa kwesokunxele noma kwesokudla, kunezinto ezimbili ezilula okudingeka uzenze kuqala:

• qiniseka ukuthi ukucindezela emathayini amasondo angakwesokudla nakwesobunxele kuyafana;
• hlola futhi ulungise ama-engeli okuqondanisa isondo (okuthiwa ukuqondanisa kwesondo).
• Uma konke kuhamba kahle ngalokhu, kodwa inkinga isala, kufanele ubheke esinye isizathu. Lokhu kungase kube okulandelayo:
• ukufana kwama-axles angaphambili nangemuva kuphukile;
• esontekile;

ube nokuqina okuhlukile;

• igebe phakathi kwe-brake disc nesicathulo ayilungiswanga, futhi isondo linciphisa ngenxa yalokho;
• ukuthwala kuhabhu lelinye lamasondo angaphambili kugugile noma kuqiniswe kakhulu, okungase futhi kubangele ukubhuleka;
• amasondo awekho ibhalansi ngenxa yamazinga ahlukene okuguga kwamasondo.

Lezi zimpawu zingase zenzeke uma:

• intwasahlobo eyonakele noma;
• ube nokunwebeka okwanele;
• i-anti-roll bar enesici (imvamisa igugile).
• Lokhu kuphazamiseka kuvame ukuhambisana ne-creak ebonakalayo.

Kwezinye izimo, izinkinga zokulengiswa zingadala ukuthi imoto igingqike isuka ngapha nangapha uma ishayela ngesivinini esiphezulu.

Izizathu ezingaba khona:

• isondo eliqiniswe kabi;
• umugqa okhubazekile;
• isondo alisebenzi kahle;
• amathayi avuthelwe ngokungalingani;
• elimele kabili;
• elimele noma libe buthakathaka;
• kugugile ;
• i-shock absorber inesici.

Imoto ingadlidliza ngezizathu eziningi. Eziyinhloko yilezi:

• ibhalansi yesondo iyaphazamiseka (ukushaya);
• ukukhweza kwesondo okubuthakathaka;
• amasondo amasondo akhubazekile;
• umfutho wesondo ophansi noma ongalingani;
• amasondo aphukile noma aboshwe ngokungalungile;
• ama-shock absorbers anephutha;
• iziphethu ezigugile;
• izinkinga zokumiswa noma amalunga okuqondisa.

Ngokuvamile, ukumiswa kubangela umsindo noma ukungqongqoza, okubonisa ukuba khona kwezinkinga ezilandelayo:

• izinga elibalulekile lokugqoka kanye / noma ukuntuleka kokugcoba emalungeni ajikelezayo;
• ephukile;
• uwusebenzi;
• ama-levers aphelile;
• kukhona amaphutha ku;
• isondo lesondo likhubazekile;
• ukuthwala kuhabhu kucekelwe phansi noma kucishwe kancane;
• isondo alilingani;
• amasondo amasondo akhubazekile.

Ukungqongqoza okwenzeka emasondweni angaphambili kuvame ukuzwakala esiteringini. Kungenzeka ukuthi ukubonakala kokungqongqoza kungenxa yokuthi intaba ixegise ndawana thize. xilonga futhi uqinise, uma kunesidingo, ama-bolts namantongomane avikela izakhi ezihlukahlukene zokumiswa.

Kungenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo:

• i-shock absorber ikhubazekile noma isebenze inhloso yayo futhi idinga ukushintshwa, ukungqongqoza kungase kuhambisane nokuvuza kwamafutha kuwo;
• izisekelo ezigugile noma izihlahla ezifakwayo;
• i-shock absorber ebuthakathaka.

Okokuqala udinga:

• qiniseka ukuthi amathayi aphefumulelwe ngokulinganayo;
• thola ukuthi amasondo afakwe kahle - ama-engeli wokufaka (ukuqondanisa), ukulinganisa isikhungo sokudonsela phansi.

Ezinye izizathu ezingenzeka kungaba:

• amadiski alimele;
• ama-suspension bushings agugile;
• amahinge erabha-metal ();
• ingalo yokulenga ekhubazekile;
• ukusebenza kabi kwe-shock absorbers;
• i-braking engalingani.

Isitayela sokushayela esinolaka esinamabhuleki amakhulu kanye nokufaka amakhona ngesivinini esiphezulu sinomthelela obonakalayo kuzinga lokuguga kwamasondo.

Kwenzeka ukuthi bakhulume ngalokho okubizwa ngokuthi "ukuphuka" kokumiswa. Lokhu ngokuvamile kusho umthelela obukhali oqondile ekumisweni okwamanje lapho izingxenye zakhona ezinwebekayo ziminyaniswe kakhulu. Iziphethu neziphethu azikwazi ukumunca ukushaqeka, futhi ukumiswa ngenxa yalokho kungathola amaphutha amakhulu. Isenzakalo esinjalo ngokuvamile sihambisana nomsindo ozwakala kakhulu.

Uma unenhlanhla, konke kuzokwenza ngaphandle kwemiphumela emibi. Kodwa amabhulokhi athule, i-bearing support kanye nephezulu ingahluleka, i-spring noma i-shock absorber break. Kungenzeka ukuthi amathayi alimale, ama-disks azokhubazeka, izingalo ezimisiwe zizogoba.

Okuzwela kakhulu emiphumeleni enjalo ukumiswa okune-stroke yokucindezela isikhashana, ama-absorber aqinile aqinile kanye neziphethu ezithambile.

Ngemuva kokuthi "ukuphazamiseka", imoto cishe izohlala isendleleni, kodwa ukuyishayela cishe ngeke kukhululeke kakhulu, futhi kungaphephile. Ngakho-ke, uma kwenzeka inkathazo enjalo, kufanelekile ukuvakashela isevisi yemoto futhi uhlole ukuxilongwa okugcwele kwe-chassis.

Kungenzeka ukukhomba izinkinga ezithile ekumisweni ngosizo lokuhlolwa okuphelele nokuqinisekiswa kwezingxenye zayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungaxhumana nesevisi yemoto, lapho kukhona konke okudingayo ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa okuningiliziwe. Kodwa ngokuhlangenwe nakho okuthile, ungakwazi ukulimaza i-chassis ngokwakho.

I-suspension yangaphambili ingeyokuqala edonsa ukushaqeka ezimeni ezingezinhle zomgwaqo ngakho isengcupheni kakhulu kuneyangemuva. Ngakho-ke, kunengqondo ukuqala ngayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, phakamisa imoto, kodwa kunalokho uyibeke endaweni ephakeme.

Okokuqala, hlola ukuvikelwa kwenjoloba (ama-anthers). Uma lonakalisiwe, khona-ke ukungcola sekungene ngaphakathi, bese izakhi ezivikelwe zingadinga ukulungiswa.

ngokulandelayo hlola ama-shock absorbers. Bangase babe nokugcoba ngamafutha kubo, okungafanele kube isizathu sokukhathazeka. Kodwa uma kukhona ama-smudges amafutha, khona-ke i-shock absorber inephutha noma isondelene nayo.

Thola iziphethu ukuze uthole ukuphuka noma imifantu.

Spin isondo. Uma uzwa i-rumble noma i-rattle, udinga ukushintsha ngokushesha. Uma kungekho msindo ozwakalayo, thinta isiphethu ngesandla sakho - ukuba khona kokudlidliza kuso lapho isondo lijikeleza kubonisa ukuthi ukuthwala akusahlelekile.

Jikisa isondo kwesokunxele nakwesokudla. Uma kukhona ukudlalwa endaweni yokuqondisa noma ekugcineni kwenduku yokubopha, uzozwa umsindo wokuthepha.

Jikisa isondo ngendlela eqondile. Uma kunomsindo ongaphandle, ijoyinti lebhola liyaguga.

Ngezandla zakho noma nge-pry bar, nyakazisa i-lever eduze nendawo ehlangene yebhola ukuze uhlole ubukhona bokudlala kuyo.

Okulandelayo, hlola amabhlogo athule. Akufanele zibe nemifantu noma i-deformation. usebenzisa intaba, zinyakazise ohlangothini lwe-longitudinal kanye ne-transverse. Akufanele kube khona umdlalo obalulekile, nakuba omncane uzoba khona, njengoba kukhona into yerabha ekwakhiweni kwebhulokhi ethule.

Okokugcina, xilonga ukuthi ingabe kukhona ukudlala ku-stabilizer bar bushing. Ukuze wenze lokhu, swayipha i-stabilizer ngokufaka i-pry bar phakathi kwayo kanye ne-subframe eduze ne-bushing. Ungakhohlwa ukuxilonga futhi isimo se-stabilizer struts.

Ngesikhathi sokuhlola, hlola ukuqina kwezingxenye zokumiswa bese uqinisa ama-bolts namantongomane uma kunesidingo.

Nakuba izimoto eziningi ezithengwa kwamanye amazwe futhi zidayiswa ezweni lakithi zinokumiswa okuqinisiwe, lokhu akunikezi umphumela olindelekile ngaso sonke isikhathi. Isimo semigwaqo sivamise ukuba ngendlela yokuthi ukuvuleka kwenhlabathi okwandisiwe noma iziphethu ezinokunwebeka okwenyukayo akukwazi ukonga. Futhi uma umuntu ozibiza ngesitayela sokushayela esinolaka eshayela imoto emigwaqweni enjalo, khona-ke uqinisekisiwe izinkinga ezivamile nge-chassis.

Izingxenye zomsuka ongabazisayo kanye neziqu eziphansi zomakhenikha bezimoto abenza ukunakekelwa nokulungisa ngeke zengeze ukwethembeka ekumisweni kwemoto yakho.

Isiphetho esilula silandela kulokhu - uma ufuna ukuba nezinkinga ezimbalwa nge-chassis ngangokunokwenzeka, zijwayelane nesitayela sokushayela esilinganiselwe, gwema imigwaqo emibi uma kungenzeka, ulungise futhi ulungise ezikhungweni zesevisi ezinokwethenjelwa, futhi ukhethe izingxenye ezisele. kakhulu ngentengo njengoba ngekhwalithi.