Ukuhluleka kwerack steering. Izimpawu zokuwohloka nokulungiswa

Ukushayela ukunethezeka nokuphepha emgwaqeni kuncike ekusebenzeni okuphelele kwesiteringi semoto. Ngakho-ke, kunoma yimuphi umshayeli ngeke kube yinto engafaneleki ukuqonda izimiso eziyisisekelo zokusebenza kwesistimu yokuqondisa futhi wazi ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma ukukhubazeka okuthile kwenzeka kuwo.

Indawo emaphakathi kulesi simiso ihlezi i-steering rack.

Sekuyisikhathi eside i-rack kanye ne-pinion mechanism isetshenziselwa ukushintsha amasondo emoto. Futhi nakuba ihlale icwengwa futhi ithuthukiswa, izinto eziyisisekelo zomsebenzi wayo zizonke zihlala zinjalo.

Ukuguqula ukujikeleza kwesondo lokuqondisa kube ukujikeleza kwamasondo, kusetshenziswe isimiso segiya lezikelemu. Uma umshayeli ejika isiteringi, usuke ezungeza igiya lokushayela (worm) elixhunywe nesigxobo.

Ngokuya ngesiqondiso sokujikeleza kwesondo lokuqondisa, i-rack rack iya kwesokunxele noma kwesokudla futhi, isebenzisa izinsimbi zokuqondisa ezixhunywe kuyo, iphendulela amasondo angaphambili.

I-rack enamazinyo ibekwe ku-cylindrical housing (i-crankcase), evame ukwakhiwa nge-alloy yokukhanya okusekelwe ku-aluminium futhi ixhunywe ku-chassis yemoto ngokuhambisana ne-axle yangaphambili.Izinduku zijikijelwa kujantshi nhlangothi zombili. Ziyizinduku zensimbi ezinebhande lebhola kanye nohlangothi lwesitimela olunemicu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwenduku kukhona intambo yangaphandle yokujikijela ithiphu. Ithiphu yokuqondisa inomucu wangaphakathi ohlangothini olulodwa, kanye nokuhlangana kwebhola ngakolunye uhlangothi ukuze kuxhunywe iqupha lokuqondisa.I-tie rod swivel ne-rack ivikelwe ekungcoleni nasemanzini nge-rubber boot.

Futhi ekwakhiweni komshini wokuqondisa kungase kube nesinye isici - i-damper. Ikakhulukazi, ifakwe kuma-SUV amaningi ukuze idambise ukudlidliza esiteringini. I-damper ifakwe phakathi kwezindlu zokuqondisa kanye nokuxhumanisa.

Igiya lokushayela lifakwe emaphethelweni angezansi esiteringini, ngakolunye uhlangothi kukhona isiteringi. Ukuqina okudingekayo kwegiya ku-rack kunikezwa yiziphethu.

I-rack steering rack yokulawula idinga umzamo omkhulu womzimba, ngakho-ke ayizange isetshenziswe ngendlela yayo ehlanzekile isikhathi eside. Kwezinye izimo, inkinga ixazululwa ngokusebenzisa okuthiwa iplanethi mshini, okuyinto ikuvumela ukuba ushintshe isilinganiso igiya igiya drive.

Ukuqondisa amandla kusiza ukunciphisa kakhulu izinga lokukhathala ngenkathi ushayela. Lolu uhlobo oluvaliwe lwe-hydraulic system, oluhlanganisa ithangi lokunweba, ipompo enenjini kagesi, i-block of hydraulic cylinders, i-distributor kanye namapayipi. I-hydraulic cylinder ekwazi ukudala ingcindezi kuzo zombili izinkomba ingenziwa njengento ehlukile, kodwa imvamisa ifakwa ezindlini zokuqondisa.Ukwehla kwengcindezi edingekayo kumasilinda kudalwe i-spool yokulawula etholakala kukholomu yokuqondisa futhi isabela ekujikelezeni kwe-shaft. Iphiston le-hydraulic cylinder liphusha ujantshi ngendlela ethile. Ngakho, umzamo ongokomzimba odingekayo ukuze uvule isondo lokuqondisa uyancipha.

I-hydraulic steering rack ifakwe ezimotweni eziningi ezikhiqizwa namuhla.

Omunye umsizi owenza kube lula kumshayeli ukulawula imoto yi-electric power steering (EPS). Iqukethe injini kagesi yangaphakathi evuthayo, i-electronic control unit (ECU), kanye nezinzwa ze-steering angle kanye ne-torque.Indima yesitimela esiseduze idlalwa lapha yinjini yokushisa yangaphakathi kagesi, ukusebenza kwayo kulawulwa yi-ECU. Amandla adingekayo abalwa iyunithi yokulawula ngokusekelwe kudatha etholwe kuzinzwa.

Uhlelo lokuqondisa olune-EUR lusetshenziswe kamuva nje, kodwa sekucacile ukuthi lunamathemba amahle. Inomklamo olula futhi ohlangene. Ngenxa yokungabikho koketshezi kanye nepompo, kulula ukuyigcina. Ikuvumela ukuthi wonge uphethiloli, ngoba injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ivula kuphela ngesikhathi sokujikeleza kwesondo lokuqondisa, ngokungafani naleyo esebenza ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-EUR ilayisha kakhulu inethiwekhi kagesi engaphakathi kwebhodi futhi ngenxa yalokho ilinganiselwe ngamandla. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukuyisebenzisa kuma-SUV namaloli asindayo.

Isistimu yokuqondisa ivamise ukusebenza ngokwethembeka futhi ihlala isikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, njengazo zonke ezinye izingxenye zemoto, indawo yokuqondisa kanye nezingxenye ezihlobene nazo zingaphansi kokuguga kwemvelo. Ngokushesha noma kamuva, ukuphuka kwenzeka esiqondisweni. Le nqubo isheshisa ngesitayela sokushayela esibukhali, ukusebenza emigwaqweni emibi, kanye nezimo zokugcina ezingafaneleki, isibonelo, ekamelweni elimanzi noma endaweni evulekile, lapho amathuba okugqwala aphezulu. Impilo yesevisi nayo ingancishiswa ngekhwalithi yokwakha ephansi noma ukusetshenziswa kwezingxenye ezikhubazekile.

Izimpawu ezithile zinganikeza isixwayiso kusenesikhathi sokuphuka okungenzeka. Yini okufanele ikhathazeke:

• vula isiteringi ngomzamo omkhulu;
• lapho isondo lokuqondisa liphenduka, kuzwakale ukuvungama;
• ngokunyakaza, ukungqongqoza noma ukugoqa kuzwakala endaweni ye-axle yangaphambili, lapho ushayela ngama-bumps, ukudlidliza kuzwakala esondweni lokuqondisa;
• ukuvuza koketshezi olusebenzayo, iminonjana yayo ingabonakala ku-asphalt ngemva kokupaka;
• isiteringi sinomdlalo;
• ukugxuma kwesondo lokuqondisa;
• i-boot enesici ku-tie rod.

Uma kukhona okungenani eyodwa yezimpawu ezibaliwe, kufanele uqale ngokushesha ukulungisa uhlelo lokuqondisa. Ungalindi kuze kube yilapho isiteringi esibizayo sehlulekile ekugcineni. Uma uphendula ngesikhathi, khona-ke, mhlawumbe, yonke into izobiza ngokushintsha izingxenye ezimbalwa ezishibhile kusukela ku-kit yokulungisa, okuvame ukuhlanganisa ama-bearings, bushings, seal oil, o-rings. Ukulungiswa okunjalo kuyatholakala ukuze uzenzele, kodwa imbobo yokubuka noma i-lift iyadingeka.

Isondo lokuqondisa kunzima ukulijika

Esimeni esijwayelekile uma injini ihamba, isiteringi siphenduka kalula ngomunwe owodwa. Uma kufanele usebenzise umzamo obonakalayo wokuwuzungezisa, khona-ke kunenkinga ngesiteringi samandla noma iphampu yokuqondisa amandla ihlulekile. Uketshezi lungavuza futhi umoya ungene ohlelweni lwamanzi. Kuyadingeka futhi ukuxilonga ubuqotho nokushuba kwebhande le-pump drive.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isondo lokuqondisa "elisindayo" lingase libe umphumela wokusebenza okungalungile kwe-spool noma i-annular wear ngaphakathi kwe-distributor.

Ukugqokwa kwama-annular kwenzeka ngenxa yokungqubuzana kwamasongo e-Teflon ekhoyili ye-spool ngokumelene nodonga lwangaphakathi lwendlu yokusabalalisa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imisele ibonakala kancane kancane odongeni. Ngenxa yokulinganisa okuxekethile kwamasongo ezindongeni, ukucindezela kwamafutha ohlelweni kwehla, okuholela esisindweni sesondo lokuqondisa. Kungenzeka ukuqeda ukuphuka ngokubhora udonga lwangaphakathi bese ucindezela kumkhono wethusi ofanele ubukhulu bomshini we-spool.

Akunakwenzeka ukuvimbela ukugqoka kwendandatho, kodwa uma uqapha ukuhlanzeka koketshezi, ukushintshwa ngezikhathi ezithile futhi ukhiphe uhlelo lwe-hydraulic, ungakwazi ukwandisa kakhulu impilo yale yunithi. Iqiniso liwukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kulula kakhulu ukuba khona kwama-chips ensimbi, avela emafutheni ngenxa yokungqubuzana kwezingxenye ezisebenzisanayo.

Ukuxilongwa okunembile nokulungiswa kwesiteringi samandla kudinga ukuchithwa kwe-rack steering, ngakho-ke uma kukhona izinsolo zokuphulwa kokuqondisa kwamandla, kufanele uxhumane nesevisi yemoto. Futhi kungcono ukubheka izingcweti ezinolwazi.

Ungqongqoze

Ngenkathi ushayela, ngisho nasemgwaqweni ongaphukile kakhulu noma kwezinye izinhlobo zomgwaqo (imfucumfucu, i-cobblestone), futhi ngisho nalapho uwela ama-rails, kuzwakala ngokucacile ukungqongqoza phambi kwemoto kwesokunxele, kwesokudla noma phakathi nendawo. . Kulokhu, ukudlala kwesiteringi nokudlidliza esiteringini kuvame ukubonwa.

Uphawu olunjalo akufanele nanini lushaywe indiva. Futhi akukhona konke mayelana nokungakhululeki. Uma ingqongqoza, kusho ukuthi kukhona okuxegayo ndawana thize, sekugugile. Ukungayinaki kuyomane kwenze izinto zibe zimbi kakhulu futhi ekugcineni kungase kuholele ekuhlulekeni ngokuphelele kokuqondisa. Ngakho-ke, umuntu akufanele angabaze ukukhomba nokuqeda ukuhlukana okunjalo.

Ukungqongqoza kungase kubangelwe ukuphuka kwama-rack bushings, i-tie rod bushings, noma i-steering shaft bushings. Ihinge evulekile yethiphu noma induku ingangqongqoza. Ukuthwala phansi kwe-distributor, lapho i-shaft yokuqondisa ijikeleza khona, nayo ingaphulwa. Uma ususa ujantshi ngokuphelele, cishe ngeke kube nzima ukukhomba isici esinephutha. Izinto ezigugile kufanele zishintshwe.

Enye imbangela engase ibe imbangela yokungqongqoza igebe phakathi kwesibungu kanye ne-rack, elivela ngenxa yokugqoka. Ungazama ukuyiqinisa, kodwa uma kukhona ukugqokwa okungathi sína, ukulungiswa ngeke kunikeze umphumela oyifunayo, khona-ke kuzodingeka ubeke esikhundleni.

Ukungqongqoza nokunamathela kwesiteringi nakho kungenzeka ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwesigxobo sokuqondisa ngenxa yomthelela. Kulokhu, kufanele kushintshwe.

Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi eminye imininingwane ingenza ukungqongqoza okufanayo, ikakhulukazi,. Ngakho-ke, uma konke kuhlelekile ngesistimu yokuqondisa, futhi kukhona ukungqongqoza, ukuxilonga.

Hum futhi uyaklewula

I-hum ivela empompini yokuqondisa amandla, esemilenzeni yayo yokugcina futhi edinga ukushintshwa. Noma ibhande le-pump drive likhululekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udinga ukuxilonga uma kukhona ukuvuza okuwuketshezi. Lesi sibonakaliso sivame ukuhambisana nokuqondisa "okusindayo".

Kusistimu enerekhi yesiteringi kagesi, injini evuthayo yangaphakathi egugile ye-EUR ingaduma.

Uma, ngenkathi uphendula isondo lokuqondisa, uzwa i-rattle, khona-ke lokhu kuwuphawu lokugqwala kwe-shaft yokuqondisa noma ukuthwala ku-distributor. Ukuthwala kuleli cala kudinga ukushintshwa, i-shaft yokuqondisa ingafakwa isihlabathi uma kukhona ukugqwala okuncane. Uma ukugqwala kulimaze kakhulu umsabalalisi, kuzofanele kushintshwe.

Uketshezi luphuma ngokushesha

Uma kufanele wengeze uketshezi njalo endaweni yokugcina amanzi, kusho ukuthi kukhona ukuvuza ndawana thize. Kudingekile ukuxilonga ubuqotho bamapayipi, ukuhlonza nokushintsha izimpawu ezigugile kanye nezimpawu kumzila wesitimela, iphampu kanye nomsabalalisi. Ukugqoka kwezimpawu zamafutha kanye nama-O-rings kwenzeka ngokwemvelo ngenxa yokungqubuzana kwezingxenye ezihambayo kanye nemiphumela yokucindezela nokushisa. Inqubo yokugqoka kwabo isheshisa ngokuphawulekayo ukugqwala ezingxenyeni zesitimela, ezingavela ngenxa yomswakama ongena nge-anther edabukile.

Isondo lokuqondisa liyanamathela

Ukungasebenzi kahle okunjalo kungabangelwa izizathu ezihlukahlukene. Ukuyikhomba, ukuxazululwa kwezinkinga okuphelele kwesiteringi kusevisi yemoto kuyadingeka. Kungenzeka ukuthi isimo sesifinyelele ezingeni elibucayi, ngakho-ke ukulungiswa kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.

ukukhubazeka kwe-anther

Ukuze unqume isimo se-anthers, kuzodingeka ubheke ngaphansi kwemoto. I-Anther ayiyona into encane. Ngisho nokuqhekeka okuncane kungaholela ekulahlekelweni kokugcoba kanye nokungena kokungcola namanzi ku-swivel. Ngenxa yalokho, ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, kuzodingeka ukuthi kushintshwe i-thrust noma yonke indawo yokuqondisa, ngoba umswakama ungangena endlini yokubeka futhi ubangele ukugqwala kwezingxenye zangaphakathi. Kulula futhi kushibhile kakhulu ukufaka i-anther edabukile ngesikhathi.

Ukungazinaki izimpawu zokuwohloka ngokushesha noma kamuva kuzoholela ekuwohlokeni kokugcina kwerekhi yokuqondisa kanye nezindleko ezinkulu zemali. Isimo esibi kakhulu ukugingqika kwamasondo okushayela. Uma lokhu kwenzeka ngesivinini esikhulu, khona-ke kugcwele ingozi enemiphumela emibi.

Ukwandisa impilo ye-rack steering kuzosiza ukugcinwa kwemithetho elula:

• ungashiyi isondo lokuqondisa lisesimweni esibi kakhulu imizuzwana emi-5;
• yehlisa ijubane uma kufanele ushayele emgwaqeni omubi noma unqobe izinciphisajubane, ama-rails nezinye izithiyo;
• ukuqapha izinga loketshezi olusebenzayo endaweni yokugcina amandla;
• ebusika, ngaphambi kokuqala ukunyakaza, vula kancane isondo lokuqondisa kuzo zombili izinhlangothi izikhathi ezimbalwa, lokhu kuzovumela uketshezi olusesiqondisweni samandla ukuthi lufudumale;
• hlola njalo isimo se-anthers.