Iyini i-block ethule futhi kuziphi izimo idinga ukushintshwa

Kulesi sihloko, sizokhuluma ngengxenye elula futhi engabonakali ebizwa ngokuthi i-block silent. Nakuba bebaningi emotweni kodwa abasheshe babonakale ngeso elingaqeqeshiwe, ikakhulukazi uma bembozwe ukungcola. Futhi kwabanye, ngisho negama elithi “silent block” ngokwalo lingase libe lisha. Nokho, le mininingwane ibaluleke kakhulu.

I-block ethule iqukethe ama-bushings ensimbi amabili - angaphandle nangaphakathi, phakathi kwawo okunwebekayo kucindezelwa yi-vulcanization - ngokuvamile irabha noma i-polyurethane. Umphumela uba ihinge le-rubber-metal (RMH). Kwenzeka ukuthi iglue isetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukunamathela kwenjoloba ensimbi. Ngenxa yale ngxenye, kungenzeka ukuxhuma izakhi ezihambayo ngendlela yokuthi ngeke kube khona ukungqubuzana kwensimbi kuya kwensimbi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngeke kube khona ukunyakazisa nokudlidliza, futhi ukuthambisa ngeke kudingeke.

Ukukhuluma ngokuqinile, ibhulokhi elithule liyicala elikhethekile lehinge le-rubber-metal (RMH). Ku-RMSH evamile, ukuthi kungenzeka ukushelela okuhlangene kwezingxenye kuvinjelwa ngokudonsa i-rubber bushing phezu kwe-metal bushing noma ukucindezelwa kwayo kwe-radial ngomjaho wangaphandle. Ngomthwalo owedlulele noma ukuchayeka ezicini ezingezinhle zangaphandle, ukungakwazi ukuhamba kungase kwephuke, bese uzwa ukuklolodela kwesici sokuhlikihla kwenjoloba ngokumelene nensimbi.

Ngenxa yobuchwepheshe obukhethekile bokukhweza, ibhulokhi elithulile livikelwe esicini esinjalo, yingakho igama lale ngxenye livela, ngoba elithi "silent" ngesiNgisi lisho ukuthi "ukuthula". Ibhulokhi ethule yephula "isifungo sokuthula" esimweni esisodwa kuphela - lapho okufakwe okunwebekayo ekugcineni kudabukile.

Ngokokuqala ngqa, idivayisi enjalo yaqala ukusetshenziswa ezimotweni zabo nguChrysler ekuqaleni kwawo-30s ekhulwini elidlule. Ekuqaleni, i-RMSh yayisetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ukudlidliza kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi. Kodwa lo mbono waba yimpumelelo kangangokuthi ngokushesha amahinji asebenzisa insimbi nenjoloba aqala ukufakwa emishinini evela kubakhiqizi abahlukahlukene. Kancane kancane, i-RMS yathuthela kwezinye izindlela zokuthutha nezimboni.

Izinzuzo zamahinge anjalo zisobala:

• ukuntuleka kokungqubuzana kanye nesidingo sokuthambisa;
• ukuguquguquka komklamo;

• ikhono lokudambisa ukudlidliza nomsindo;

• ukuqina noshintsho olungabalulekile ekusebenzeni ngokuhamba kwesikhathi;
• asikho isidingo sesondlo;
• ukungcola, isihlabathi nokugqwala akubi ngenjoloba.

Amabhulokhi athule afika awusizo ikakhulukazi ekuxhumaniseni izingxenye ezihambayo zokumiswa. Nakuba lapha ekugcineni bazibeka njengento eyinhloko yokubopha kuphela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20. Ukwethulwa kobuchwepheshe ekukhiqizweni ngobuningi kwakudinga ucwaningo olubanzi nokuthuthukiswa ukuze kutholwe izindlela ezilungile zokunamathela kwensimbi nenjoloba kanye nezinto ezingcono kakhulu zokwenziwa kwe-vulcanization.

Emotweni yesimanje, ungathola izingxenye eziningi ezihlanganisa insimbi nenjoloba, kodwa akuzona zonke ezingamabhulokhi athule. Isibonelo, amabhulokhi athule "antantayo" awawona nhlobo i-RMSH - ngokuklama angamalunga ebhola. Ayikho into enwebekayo kudivayisi yabo, futhi irabha isebenza kuphela ukuvikela ekungcoleni okungangeni ngaphakathi kanye nokuvuza kwamafutha.

Indawo eyinhloko yamabhulokhi athule, lapha ngokuyinhloko akhonza ukuxhuma ama-levers.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhlogo athule asetshenziswa kabanzi ukufakwa, imishayo yokumiswa yangemuva, kanye nokungaphakathi.

I-RMSH futhi ikuvumela ukuthi wehlise kakhulu ukudlidliza nomsindo ekukhwezeni kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi, i-gearbox nezinye izingxenye zomshini.

Izakhiwo zokusebenza nokuqina kokusetshenziswa kwamabhuloki athule kunqunywa kakhulu izinga lezinto ezinwebekayo ezitholakala phakathi kwama-metal bushings.

Umphumela omuhle kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwenjoloba yemvelo enezithasiselo ezihlukahlukene ezinikeza ukusebenza okufunayo. Phakathi nenqubo ye-vulcanization, irabha iphenduka ibe irabha futhi inikeza ukunamathela okuthembekile kwensimbi.

Muva nje, kaningi kune-RMS, lapho kusetshenziswa i-polyurethane noma ingxube yayo nenjoloba. I-polyurethane inamandla kunerabha futhi iguga kancane. Ibekezelela kahle isithwathwa esinamandla, lapho irabha ingaqhekeka futhi ingasebenziseki. Iyakwazi ukumelana nowoyela nezinye izinto ezingalimaza irabha. Ngenxa yalezi zizathu kuphela, i-polyurethane bushings kufanele ihlale isikhathi eside kunozakwabo benjoloba. Okungenani ngokwethiyori.

Kodwa-ke, inkinga nge-polyurethane ukuthi iningi lamabanga ayo alinikezi ukunamathela okwanele kwensimbi. Uma uthola ibhulokhi ethule yekhwalithi ephansi ye-polyurethane, umphumela ungase ube ukushelela kokufakwa okunwebekayo ngaphansi komthwalo. Kuzovela i-creak, kodwa ngokuvamile, ukusebenza kwe-hinge enjalo ngeke kube kuhle ngendlela esingathanda ngayo.

Uma uzijwayeza isitayela sokushayela esizolile futhi ugwema imigwaqo emibi, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi udlule ngamahinge enjoloba.

Uma ungumuntu othanda ukushayela futhi unganaki kakhulu ama-bumps emgwaqeni, kufanele uzame amabhulokhi athule we-polyurethane. Ngokusho kwabashayeli abaningi, imoto ilawulwa kangcono ngabo, ukushaqeka nokudlidliza kungcono ukuthuthumela. Nakuba kukhona labo abanombono ohlukile, bakholelwa ukuthi amabhulokhi athule ane-polyurethane efakwayo awathembeki kangako futhi ahlala ngaphansi kwerabha. Ngokunokwenzeka, kokubili kulungile, futhi konke kuncike ezintweni ze-polyurethane ezisetshenzisiwe kanye nekhwalithi yomsebenzi wengxenye.

Ngokweqile, amabhulokhi angasho lutho ezimweni eziningi kufanele amelane nemayela lamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-100. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezikahle, i-RMS yekhwalithi enhle “ingadlula” ku-200. Yebo, emaqinisweni ethu, kungcono ukuxilonga isimo samabhuloki athule ngemva kokugijima kwe-50 ... amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-60, noma kaningi uma imoto isebenza ezimweni ezinzima.

Yehlisa impilo ye-RMSH yokulayisha ngokweqile kwemoto, isitayela sokushayela esibukhali, ukufika njalo ngesivinini esibalulekile kuzithiyo ngesimo semigodi, ama-rails, ama-curbs, ama-speedbumps. Ukushintsha okungazelelwe kwezinga lokushisa nokuchayeka ezintweni ezinolaka konakalisa irabha.

Ukuze uhlole ngokubukeka isimo samahinge, udinga ukushayela emgodini wokuhlola noma uphakamise imoto ekuphakameni. Okulandelayo, izingxenye kufanele zigezwe ekungcoleni futhi zihlolwe ngokucophelela. Akufanele kube nokuqhekeka, ukuphuka, ukuqhekeka noma ukuvuvukala kwerabha, ngaphandle kwalokho indawo ethule kufanele ishintshwe.

Futhi, isizathu esibucayi soshintsho oluphuthumayo kuzoba ukuhlehla esihlalweni. Uma lokhu kungenziwanga, khona-ke isihlalo sizophuka maduzane kangangokuthi ngeke kube nzima ukucindezela ihinge entsha kuso. Khona-ke kuzodingeka uchithe imali hhayi kuphela ku-block ethule, kodwa futhi engxenyeni efakwe kuyo. Uma uqala ukuzwa ukungqongqoza, bheka ngokushesha amahinge nezinsimbi. Khona-ke, mhlawumbe, uzogwema ukukhulisa inkinga ezingeni elibi kakhulu.

Ngokungaqondile, ukuziphatha kwemoto emgwaqeni kungakhuluma ngezinkinga ezinamabhuloki athule. Kungase kube nokubambezeleka ekuphenduleni isiteringi nokushiya imoto eceleni, ikakhulukazi ngesivinini esikhulu.

Olunye uphawu lwamabhulokhi angathuli agugile umsindo owandayo nokudlidliza ekumisweni.

Amabhulokhi ahlulekile aholela ekushintsheni kwesimo. Ngenxa yalokho, ukulungiswa kwesondo kuphazamiseka, okwenzekayo, okungabonakala ngisho nangeso lenyama - amasondo atholakala endlini. Futhi ukulungiswa kwesondo eliphukile, nakho, kuholela ekugugeni kwamasondo angalingani.

Kodwa kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi lezi zimpawu zingase zibe nezinye izimbangela. Ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa okunembile, kungcono ukuxhumana nesevisi yemoto.

Amabhulokhi athule, ngaphandle kwamamodeli agoqekayo, awakho ngaphansi kokulungiswa - ukushintshwa kuphela. Ngokuvamile kunezingxenye, isibonelo, izingalo zokumiswa, lapho i-hinge iyingxenye ebalulekile yesakhiwo. khona-ke, uma ungasebenzi, kuzodingeka uguqule yonke ingxenye yomhlangano.

Kuyathengiswa Kwenzeka ukuthi ungathola ama-bushings okulungisa amabhlogo athule. Ukukhululwa kwalezi zinsimbi kunqunywa kuphela isifiso sokusebenza kubashayeli abangenalwazi nabangenangqondo. Ngoba i-hinge ebuyiselwe ngale ndlela ayilungile. Ayimelani nomthwalo futhi ihluleka ngokushesha, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo iphula isihlalo.

Ngokushintshwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu kwamabhlogo athule, amathuluzi avamile ngeke anele. Ukucindezela nokucindezela kuzodinga amadonsa akhethekile, ama-mandrels, ama-punch nezinye izinto. Yiqiniso, ezandleni ezinekhono, i-sledgehammer kanye nocezu lwepayipi lobubanzi obufanele kungasebenza izimangaliso, kodwa ingozi yokulimaza i-hinge noma ukuphula isihlalo iphezulu kakhulu. Kungenzeka ukuthi uthenge isethi ekhethekile yamathuluzi nezakhiwo, kodwa izindleko ngokuvamile zifana nokuthi ukulungisa esikhungweni sesevisi yemoto kungase kungabizi.

Kunoma yikuphi, ukuze ushintshe ngokuzimela amabhlogo athule, uzodinga ulwazi oluthile, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa ekulungiseni iyunithi yamandla noma ibhokisi legiya - kungcono ukuphathisa lo msebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi futhi odla isikhathi kumakhenikha afanelekayo.

Uma usanquma ukuwenza ngokwakho umsebenzi, udinga ukukhumbula lokhu okulandelayo:

1. Ukuqina kwebhulokhi ethule kungase kuhluke eduze kwerediyasi, ezimweni ezinjalo kukhona amamaki akhuphukayo emzimbeni wayo. Lapho ufaka, udinga ukuzulazula ngazo noma ngezinto ezithile ezigqamayo.

2. Ngesikhathi sokufakwa, ungasebenzisi amafutha noma ezinye izinto ezingalimaza ukufakwa okunwebekayo kwe-RMSH.

3. Njengoba i-block ethule ayiyona eyezinto ezinwebekayo zokumiswa, kuyadingeka ukukhipha umthwalo wayo esimweni somthwalo wemoto ojwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, ukuqiniswa kwamabhuloki athule kufanele kwenziwe lapho umshini uphansi namasondo awo, futhi ungamiswa ekuphakamiseni.

4. Njengoba amabhlogo amasha athule azoshintsha nakanjani ama-engeli amasondo, ngemva kokuwashintsha, kuyadingeka ukulungisa ukuqondanisa.

Ukuze ungashiyi amabhlogo athule ngaphambi kwesikhathi, kwanele ukulandela isethi yemithetho elula.

1. Shayela ngokucophelela, unqobe imigodi nezithiyo ezihlukahlukene ngesivinini esincane.

2. Zama ukungalayishi kakhulu ukumiswa, ungalengi amasondo isikhathi eside.

3. Gwema ukushintshashintsha okukhulu kokumiswa, ikakhulukazi esimweni sezulu esibandayo.

4. Ungashisi ngokweqile i-RMS, ungafaki ukuchayeka ezintweni ezinolaka.

5. Geza amabhlogo athule ngezikhathi ezithile, njengoba uthuli olungene kuma-microcracks lunomthelela ekugugeni ngokushesha kwerabha noma i-polyurethane.