Ama-Airbags. Konke okudingeka sikwazi ngabo

Ama-Airbag ayisici semoto esibonakala singasinaki. Okwamanje, ukuphila kwethu kungase kuncike esenzweni sabo esifanele!

Nakuba sinaka inani lama-airbag emotweni yethu lapho sithenga imoto, sikhohlwa ngokuphelele ngabo ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Kulungile? Impilo yesevisi ye-pillows ihambisana nokumenyezelwe umenzi? Ingabe zidinga ukubuyekezwa ngezikhathi ezithile? Ungawahlola kanjani ama-airbag emotweni esetshenzisiwe? Yimiphi imikhonyovu esetshenziswa abathengisi bezimoto ukufihla iqiniso lokungasebenzi kahle noma ukususwa kwe-airbag?

Esihlokweni esilandelayo, ngizozama ukwethula ulwazi lwami lokusebenza lwe-"airbags" ethandwayo.

Isikhwama somoya. Kwaqala kanjani konke?

Umlando wama-airbag ezimoto usukela eminyakeni yama-XNUMX, lapho owayengunjiniyela wezokukhiqiza uJohn W. Hetrick egunyaza ilungelo lobunikazi "I-Automotive Airbag System". Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi uJohn wakhuthazwa ingozi yomgwaqo eke yaba khona ngaphambili. EJalimane ngesikhathi esifanayo, umsunguli u-Walter Linderer ugunyaza isistimu efanayo. Umqondo wokusebenza kwamadivayisi anelungelo lobunikazi wawufana nowanamuhla. Uma kwenzeka imoto ihlangana nesithiyo, umoya ocindezelwe kufanele ugcwalise isikhwama esivikela umshayeli ekulimaleni.

I-GM kanye ne-Ford banakekele amalungelo obunikazi, kodwa ngokushesha kwacaca ukuthi kwakunezinkinga eziningi zobuchwepheshe endleleni yokwakha uhlelo olusebenzayo - isikhathi sokugcwalisa isikhwama somoya ngomoya ocindezelwe sasiside kakhulu, uhlelo lokubona ukushayisana lwalungaphelele. , kanye nezinto ezenziwe ngazo i-airbag zingadala omunye umonakalo empilweni ye-airbag.

Kuma-1973 kuphela, u-Allen Breed wathuthukisa uhlelo, walwenza lwaba yi-electromechanical. I-Breed yengeza inzwa yokushayisana esebenzayo, i-pyrotechnic filler ohlelweni, futhi isebenzisa isikhwama esincane somcamelo esinama-valve ukuze ikhulule ingcindezi ngemva kokuqhuma kwejeneretha yegesi. Imoto yokuqala edayiswe ngalolu hlelo kube yi-Oldsmobile Tornado yango-126. I-Mercedes W1980 yango-1992 kwaba imoto yokuqala ukunikeza ibhande lesihlalo kanye ne-airbag njengenketho. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ama-airbag asedumile. Abakhiqizi baqala ukuzisebenzisa ngezinga elikhulu. Ngo-XNUMX, iMercedes kuphela yafaka ama-airbag ayisigidi.

Isikhwama somoya. Isebenza kanjani?

Njengoba ngishilo engxenyeni yomlando, uhlelo luqukethe izakhi ezintathu: uhlelo lokusebenza (inzwa yokushaqeka, inzwa yokusheshisa kanye nesistimu ye-digital microprocessor), i-generator yegesi (ihlanganisa i-igniter kanye ne-propellant eqinile) kanye nesitsha esiguquguqukayo (umcamelo ngokwawo uwukuthi eyenziwe ngendwangu ye-nylon-ukotini noma i-polyamide enerabha ye-neoprene impregnation). Cishe ama-millisecond angu-10 ngemva kwengozi, uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-microprocessor luthumela isignali ku-generator yegesi, eqala ukufuthela isikhwama somoya. 40 millisecond ngemuva kwesigameko, i-airbag igcwele futhi isilungele ukubamba isidumbu somshayeli owayehamba ngesivinini esiphezulu.

Isikhwama somoya. Impilo yesistimu

Uma kubhekwa ubudala bezimoto eziningi ezihlome ngesistimu okukhulunywa ngayo, kufanelekile ukucutshungulwa ukuthi noma yiziphi izakhi ezingayeka ukulalela. Ingabe isikhwama somcamelo siyavuvukala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ingabe uhlelo lokuvula luyawohloka, njenganoma iyiphi enye ingxenye ye-electronic yemoto, noma ingabe ijeneretha yegesi inokuqina okuthile?

Isitsha ngokwaso, isikhwama somcamelo, senziwe ngezinto zokwenziwa ezihlala isikhathi eside (ngokuvamile nge-admixture yekotini), amandla okunqunywa ukuthi aphindwe izikhathi eziningi kunemoto ngokwayo. Ngakho-ke kuthiwani ngesistimu yokwenza kusebenze ngokwayo kanye nejeneretha yegesi? Izitshalo zokuqaqa izimoto zivame ukubandakanyeka ekugayweni kabusha kwama-airbag. Ukulahlwa kusekelwe ekusebenziseni okulawulwayo kwe-cushion.

Bheka futhi: Ungawonga kanjani uphethiloli?

Ezingxoxweni ezingakahleleki, ababhejiyo bayavuma ukuthi imicamelo emidala icishe isebenze kahle ngo-100%. Abambalwa kuphela kwabayikhulu "abashisi", ngokuvamile ezimotweni ezinokufinyelela kalula kumswakama. Ngezwa into efanayo enkonzweni egxile ekushintsheni amasistimu okuvikela izimoto. Uma imoto yayiqhutshwa kwimodi evamile, i.e. ayizange igcwaliswe noma ilungiswe kahle, impilo yesevisi yama-airbag ayinqunyelwe ngesikhathi.

Zithini iziteshi ezigunyaziwe kanye nezindawo ezidayisa izimoto ngalokhu? Esikhathini esedlule, onjiniyela babenikeza ama-airbag ukuphila iminyaka eyi-10 kuya kweyi-15, ngokuvamile behlanganisa ama-decal emsebenzini womzimba ukuze babonise ukuthi ama-airbag ashintshwa nini. Lapho abakhiqizi bebona ukuthi imicamelo iqinile kakhulu, bawashiya la malungiselelo. Ngokusho kochwepheshe abazimele, ukushintshwa okunjalo akukwazi ukwenziwa ezimotweni ezinezincomo ezingenhla.

Kukhona futhi omunye futhi umbono ongasho lutho wokuthi ukuqedwa kokushintshwa okuphoqelekile kwama-airbag kuyisu lokumaketha nje. Umkhiqizi akafuni ukwesabisa umthengi ongase abe khona ngezindleko zokusebenza ezingase zibe khona zokushintsha izingxenye ezibizayo, ngakho-ke, njengamafutha anempilo ende yenkonzo, kuqeda isidingo sokuyibuyisela esikhundleni, azi ukuthi eminyakeni eyishumi umthwalo we-airbag ongalungile uzokwenza. yiba ngamanga kuphela. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuqinisekisiwe kuma-airbag enziwe kabusha, ngisho amadala kakhulu, agcwala cishe u-100%.

Isikhwama somoya. Kwenzekani ngemva “kokudubula” komcamelo?

Yini okufanele ngiyenze uma i-airbag isetshenziswa ngesikhathi sengozi? Kubiza malini ukushintsha izingxenye? Ngeshwa, ukulungiswa kochwepheshe akushibhile. Umakhenikha kuzodingeka amiselele isikhwama sejeneretha yegesi, abuyisele noma avuselele zonke izingxenye zedeshibhodi ezilinyazwe ukuqhuma, futhi ashintshe amabhande ezihlalo afake ama-pretensioners. Akumelwe sikhohlwe esikhundleni isilawuli, futhi ngezinye izikhathi isikhwama airbag ugesi. Esikhungweni sesevisi esigunyaziwe, izindleko zokushintsha ama-airbags angaphambili zingafinyelela ku-PLN 20-30 ayizinkulungwane. Eshabhu yokusebenzela yangasese, ukulungiswa okunjalo kuzolinganiselwa ezinkulungwaneni ezimbalwa zama-zloty.

Ngenxa yezindleko eziphakeme zokulungiswa ePoland, kukhona "amagaraji" abenza ukukhwabanisa, okuhlanganisa ukufaka ama-airbag angama-dummy (ngokuvamile njengamaphephandaba asongwe) kanye ne-electronics ekhohlisayo ukuze kukhishwe izixwayiso zesistimu ezingafuneki. Indlela elula yokulingisa ukusebenza kahle kwesibani se-airbag ukusixhuma emandleni esibani se-ABS, umfutho kawoyela noma ukushajwa kwebhethri.

Ngemuva kwenqubo enjalo, ukukhanya kwenkomba ye-airbag kuyacisha isikhashana ngemva kokuvulwa komlilo, okubonisa impilo yesistimu engamanga. Lo mkhonyovu kulula ukukubona ngokuxhuma imoto kukhompuyutha yokuxilonga esikhungweni sesevisi esigunyaziwe. Ngeshwa, ama-scammers asebenzisa izindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kwesinye sezinkundla zokucobelelana ngolwazi zokushintshwa kwama-airbag e-Warsaw, ngafunda ukuthi uhlelo olulawula ukusebenza nokuba khona kwama-airbag ngokuyinhloko wukulawula ukumelana kwesekethe.

Abakhwabanisi, ngokufaka i-resistor yesilinganiso esifanele, bakhohlisa uhlelo, ngenxa yokuthi ngisho nokulawulwa kwekhompyutha yokuxilonga ngeke kuhlole ukuba khona kwe-dummy. Ngokusho kukachwepheshe, okuwukuphela kwendlela ethembekile yokuhlola ukuqaqa ideshibhodi futhi uhlole ngokomzimba uhlelo. Lena inqubo ebizayo, ngakho umnikazi wesitshalo uvumile ukuthi amakhasimende ayikhetha kuyaqabukela. Ngakho-ke, okuwukuphela kwesheke elinengqondo ukuhlola isimo sokungabi bikho kwengozi, isimo esivamile semoto, futhi mhlawumbe nomthombo othembekile wokuthenga imoto. Kukhona induduzo yokuthi, ngokolwazi olutholwe esiteshini esikhulu kunazo zonke sokudilizwa kwezimoto eWarsaw, ngokwezibalo, zimbalwa futhi ziyancipha izimoto ezigcina zisendaweni yokulahla imfucumfucu zinezikhwama zomoya eziyidummy. Ngakho-ke, kubonakala sengathi izinga lomkhuba oyingozi kancane kancane liqala ukubukelwa phansi.

Isikhwama somoya. Isifinyezo

Kafushane, ngokusho kochwepheshe abaningi, ama-airbags awanayo idethi eqondile yokuphelelwa yisikhathi, ngakho-ke ngisho nomdala kunabo bonke, ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile zokushayela, kufanele asivikele ngokuphumelelayo uma kwenzeka kushayisana. Lapho uthenga imoto esetshenzisiwe, ngaphezu kokuhlola isimo sayo sokungabikho kwengozi, kufanelekile ukwenza ukuxilongwa kwekhompiyutha ukunciphisa amathuba okuthenga imoto nge-airbag dummy.

Funda nalolu daba: Ihlola iVolkswagen Polo