Kungani i-GPS yakho noma i-STRAVA altitude ingalungile?

Umbuzo ovelayo noma umbuzo ophakamayo mayelana nokunemba kokuphakama nokwehluka kokuphakama kwe-GPS.

Nakuba kungase kubonakale kuyinto encane, ukuthola ubude obunembile kuyinselele, endizeni evundlile ungakwazi kalula ukubeka i-tape measure, intambo, iketango le-geodesic, noma uqongelele isiyingi sesondo ukuze ulinganise ibanga. ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunzima kakhulu ukubeka imitha 📐 endizeni eqondile.

Ubude be-GPS busekelwe efanekisweni yezibalo yomumo womhlaba, kuyilapho ubude kumephu ye-topographic busekelwe ohlelweni lokuxhumanisa oluma mpo oluhlotshaniswa nembulunga.

Ngakho-ke, lezi yizinhlelo ezimbili ezihlukene okufanele ziqondane ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Ukuphakama nokwehla okuqondile yimingcele iningi labahamba ngamabhayisikili, abagibela izintaba, abaqwali, nabaqwali abazofuna ukubonisana nayo ngemva kokugibela.

Iziyalezo zokuthola iphrofayili eqondile kanye nomehluko olungile wokuphakama kubhalwe kahle kumamanyuwali we-GPS wangaphandle (njengamamanyuwali obubanzi be-Garmin GPSMap), okuxakayo ukuthi lolu lwazi lucishe lungabikho noma lufihlekile kumanuwali omsebenzisi we-GPS. kubagibeli bamabhayisikili (isibonelo, imihlahlandlela yebanga le-Garmin Edge GPS).

I-Garmin's After Sales Service inikeza zonke izeluleko eziwusizo, njenge-TwoNav. Kwabanye abakhiqizi be-GPS noma izinhlelo zokusebenza (ngaphandle kwe-Strava) leli igebe elikhulu 🕳.

Indlela yokulinganisa ubude?

Amasu amaningana:

• Ukusebenzisa i-theorem edumile ye-Thales ekusebenzeni,
• Amasu ahlukahlukene we-triangulation,
• Ukusebenzisa i-altimeter,
• I-radar, idili,
• Izilinganiso zesathelayithi.

I-altimeter ye-Barometric

Kwakudingeka ukunquma izinga: i-altimeter ihumusha ukucindezela komkhathi wendawo endaweni ephakeme. Ukuphakama kwe-0 m kuhambisana nokucindezela kwe-1013,25 mbar ezingeni lolwandle ekushiseni kwe-15 ° Celsius.

Empeleni, lezi zimo ezimbili kuyaqabukela kuhlangatshezwane olwandle, isibonelo, lapho ubhala lesi sihloko, ingcindezi ogwini Normandy kwaba 1035 mbar, futhi izinga lokushisa iseduze 6 °, okungase kubangele iphutha endaweni engamamitha. mayelana nama-500 m.

I-altimeter ye-barometric inikeza ukuphakama okunembile ngemva kokulungiswa kabusha uma izimo zengcindezi / izinga lokushisa zizinza.

Ukulungiswa ukugcina i-altitude enembile yendawo, bese i-altimeter ilungisa lokho kuphakama ngokusabela kushintsho lokucindezela komkhathi nezinga lokushisa.

Ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa 🌡 kunciphisa amajika okucindezela futhi ukuphakama kukhuphuke, ngokuphambene nalokho uma izinga lokushisa likhuphuka.

Inani lokuphakama elibonisiwe lizozwela ekushintsheni kwezinga lokushisa le-ambient, umsebenzisi we-altimeter, oyibambe noma oyigqoke esihlakaleni, kufanele aqaphele umphumela wokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa lendawo enanini elibonisiwe (isibonelo: iwashi livaliwe / vula ngomkhono, umoya ohlobene ngenxa yokunyakaza okusheshayo noma okunensayo, ithonya lokushisa komzimba, njll.).

Ukwenza lula umoya ozinzile, isimo sezulu esizinzile 🌥.

Uma isetshenziswe ngendlela efanele, i-altimeter ye-barometric iyithuluzi elithembekile lereferensi lezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene ezifana ne-aeronautics, ukugibela izintaba, ukugibela izintaba ...

L'altitude GPS

I-GPS inquma ubude bendawo ngokuhlobene nendilinga ekahle elingisa Umhlaba: "Ellipsoid". Njengoba uMhlaba ungaphelele, lobu bude budinga ukuguqulwa ukuze buthole ubude be-"geoid" 🌍.

Umuntu obukele ofunda ubude bomaka wokuhlola esebenzisa i-GPS angabona ukuchezuka kwamamitha angamashumi amaningana, nakuba i-GPS yakhe isebenza kahle ngaphansi kwezimo ezikahle zokuthola. Mhlawumbe isamukeli se-GPS asilungile?

Lo mehluko uchazwa ngokunemba kokumodela kwe-ellipsoid futhi, ikakhulukazi, imodeli ye-geoid, eyinkimbinkimbi ngenxa yokuthi indawo yoMhlaba ayiyona indawo ekahle, iqukethe okungaqondakali, ibhekana nokuguqulwa komuntu futhi ishintsha njalo. (Telluric and Human).

Lokhu kungalungile kuzohlanganiswa namaphutha okulinganisa atholakala ku-GPS, futhi kuyimbangela yokungalungi kanye noshintsho oluqhubekayo ekuphakameni okubikwe yi-GPS.

Amajiyometri esathelayithi athanda ukunemba okuhle okuvundlile, okungukuthi, indawo ephansi yamasathelayithi emkhathizwe, avimbela ukutholwa kokuphakama okunembile. Ukuhleleka kobukhulu bokunemba okuqondile izikhathi ezingu-1,5 zokunemba okuvundlile.

Iningi labakhiqizi be-GPS chipset bahlanganisa imodeli yezibalo kusofthiwe yabo. esondela kumodeli ye-geodetic yomhlaba futhi inikeza ubude obucaciswe kule modeli.

Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma uhamba olwandle akuvamile ukubona ukuphakama okungekuhle noma okuphozithivu, ngoba imodeli ye-geodetic yomhlaba ayiphelele, futhi kulokhu kushiyeka kufanele kwengezwe iphutha elitholakala ku-GPS. Inhlanganisela yalawa maphutha ingabangela ukuchezuka kokuphakama okungaphezu kwamamitha angu-50 ezindaweni ezithile 😐.

Amamodeli we-geoid acwengisisiwe, ikakhulukazi, i-altimetry etholwe ngenxa yokuma kwe-GNNS izohlala ingalungile iminyaka eminingana.

Imodeli ye-Digital Terrain “DTM”

I-DTM iyifayela ledijithali elakhiwe amagridi, igridi ngayinye (indawo eyisisekelo eyisikwele) inikeza inani lokuphakama kwendawo yaleyo grid. Umbono wosayizi wegridi wamanje wemodeli yokuphakama komhlaba ngu-30 m x 90 m. Ukwazi indawo yephoyinti ebusweni bomhlaba (i-longitude, latitude), kulula ukuthola ukuphakama kwendawo ngokufunda. ifayela le-DTM (noma i-DTM, i-Digital Terrain Model ngesiNgisi).

Ububi obuyinhloko be-DEM ukuthembeka kwayo (okudidayo, izimbobo) nokunemba kwefayela; Izibonelo:

• I-ASTER DEM iyatholakala ngesinyathelo (igridi noma i-pixel) yama-30 m, ukunemba okuvundlile okungu-30 m kanye ne-altimeter engu-20 m.
• I-MNT SRTM itholakala ngesikhala esingu-90m (igridi noma i-pixel), cishe i-altimeter engu-16m kanye nokunemba kweplanimetric engu-60m.
• Imodeli ye-Sonny DEM (Europe) itholakala ngokunyuka okungu-1°x1°, okungukuthi ngosayizi weseli ngohlelo luka-25 x 30 m kuye nge-latitude. Umthengisi uhlanganise imithombo yedatha enembe kunayo yonke, le DEM inembe uma kuqhathaniswa futhi ingasetshenziswa “kalula” ku-TwoNav ne-Garmin GPS ngemephu yamahhala ye-OpenmtbMap.
• I-IGN DEM 5m x 5m itholakala mahhala (kusukela ngoJanuwari 2021) ngezinyathelo ezingu-1m x 1m noma 5m x 5m ezinokulungiswa okuqondile okungu-1m. Ukufinyelela kule DEM kuchazwe kulo mhlahlandlela.

Ungaphambanisi ukulungiswa (noma ukunemba kwedatha kufayela) nokunemba kwangempela kwaleyo datha. Ukufundwa (izilinganiso) kungatholwa emathuluzini angavumeli ukubuka ubuso bomhlaba ukuya kumitha eliseduze.

I-IGN DEM, etholakala mahhala 🙏 kusukela ngoJanuwari 2021, iyi-patchwork yokufunda (izilinganiso) etholwe ngamathuluzi ahlukahlukene. Izindawo eziskeniwe ukuze kutholwe ucwaningo lwakamuva (isb. ingozi yezikhukhula) ziskenwe ngokulungiswa okungu-1 m, kwenye indawo ukunemba kungase kube kude kakhulu naleli nani. Kodwa-ke, kufayela, idatha ifakwe phakathi ukuze igcwalise izinkambu ngo-5x5m noma 1x1m increments. I-IGN yethule umkhankaso wokuvota onesinqumo esiphezulu ngenhloso yokumboza ngokugcwele i-France ngo-2026, futhi ngalolo suku, i-IGN DEM izobe inemba. futhi imahhala ngezikhawu ezingu-1x1x1m. ...

I-DEM ikhombisa ukuphakama komhlabathi: ukuphakama kwengqalasizinda (izakhiwo, amabhuloho, uthango, njll.) akunakwa. Ehlathini, lokhu ubude bomhlaba phansi kwezihlahla, ubuso bamanzi buwubuso bogu lwawo wonke amachibi amakhulu kunehektha elilodwa.

Wonke amaphuzu esitokisini anokuphakama okufanayo, ngakho-ke emaphethelweni ewa, ngenxa yokungaqiniseki kwendawo yefayela, efingqiwe nokungaqiniseki kwendawo, ukuphakama okukhishiwe kungase kufane neseli elingumakhelwane.

Ukunemba kokuma kwe-GPS ngaphansi kwezimo ezikahle zokwamukela kuhlelwe ku-4,5 m ku-90%. Lokhu kusebenza kubonakala nezamukeli zakamuva ze-GPS (GPS + Glonass + Galileo). Ngakho-ke, ukunemba izikhathi ezingu-90 kweziyi-100 phakathi kuka-0 no-5 m (isibhakabhaka esicacile, ngaphandle kwezifihla-buso, ngaphandle kwama-canyon, njll.) yendawo yangempela. ukusebenzisa i-DEM eneseli elingu-1 x 1 m akukhiqizi lutho.ngoba amathuba okuba kugridi efanele azoba yivelakancane. Lokhu kukhetha kuzokweqa iphrosesa ngaphandle kwenani langempela elingeziwe!

Ukuze uthole i-DEM engasetshenziswa ku:

• I-TwoNav GPS: I-CDEM ku-5 m (RGEALTI).

• I-Garmin GPS: Sonny Database

  Funda ukuthi ungayenza kanjani i-DEM yakho ye-TwoNav GPS. Amajika amaleveli angakhishwa kusetshenziswa isoftware ye-Qgis.

Nquma ukuphakama usebenzisa i-GPS

Isixazululo esisodwa kungaba ukulayisha ifayela le-DEM ku-GPS navigator, kodwa ukuphakama kuzothembeka kuphela uma amagridi ehliswa ngosayizi futhi uma ifayela linembe ngokwanele (ngokuvundlile nangokuqondile).

Ukuze uthole umbono omuhle wekhwalithi ye-DEM, kwanele ukubona ngeso lengqondo, ngokwesibonelo, ukukhululeka kwechibi noma ukwakha indlela enqamula ichibi futhi ubheke ukuphakama esigabeni se-2D.

Isithombe: Isofthiwe ye-LAND, ukubuka kweLake Gerardmer ekukhuliseni kwe-3D x XNUMX nge-DEM elungile. Ukuboniswa kwamameshi endaweni kubonisa umkhawulo wamanje we-DEM.

Isithombe: Uhlelo lwe-LAND, ukubukwa kwechibi le-Gérardmer "BOG" ku-2D nge-DTM elungile.

Wonke amadivaysi e-GPS "ekhwalithi enhle" yesimanje anekhampasi kanye nenzwa ye-barometric yedijithali, yingakho i-altimeter ye-barometric; Ukusebenzisa le nzwa kukuvumela ukuthi uthole i-altitude enembile inqobo nje uma usetha i-altitude endaweni eyaziwayo (Isincomo se-Garmin).

Ukungalungi kokuphakama okunikezwe i-GPS kusukela kwavela i-GPS kwenze ukuthi kuthuthukiswe ama-algorithms e-hybridization ye-aeronautics esebenzisa i-barometer altitude kanye nokuphakama kwe-GPS ukuze kunikeze indawo enembile. ukuphakama. Kuyisixazululo esinokwethenjelwa sokuphakama kanye nenketho ekhethwayo yabakhiqizi be-GPS, elungiselelwe umkhuba wangaphandle we-TwoNav. kanye noGarmin.

Kwa-Garmin, umnikelo we-GPS wethulwa ngokwephrofayili yomsebenzisi (ngaphandle, ukugibela ibhayisikili, ukuhamba ngebhayisikili ezintabeni, njll.), ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukubhekisela kumanuwali abasebenzisi kanye nesevisi yangemuva kokuthengisa.

Isixazululo esilungile ukumisa i-GPS yakho kunketho:

• I-Altitude = I-Barometer + GPS, uma i-GPS ivumela,
• I-Altitude = I-Barometer + DTM (MNT) uma i-GPS ivuma.

Kuzo zonke izimo, ku-GPS efakwe i-barometer, misa ngesandla i-barometer ibe ukuphakama kwayo okuncane lapho uqala khona. Ezintabeni ⛰ ekuhambeni okude, isilungiselelo sizodinga ukwenziwa kabusha, ikakhulukazi uma kwenzeka kuba nokuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa nesimo sezulu.

Amanye amadivaysi okuhamba ngebhayisikili e-Garmin GPS alungiselelwe kabusha ngokuzenzakalela asetha kabusha ukuphakama kwe-barometric ezindaweni ezaziwayo zokuphakama, okuyisixazululo esihlakaniphe kakhulu sokuhamba ngebhayisikili ezintabeni. Kodwa-ke, umsebenzisi kufanele azise, ​​isibonelo, ngaphambi kokushiya ukuphakama kwamaphasi kanye nokuphansi kwesigodi; endleleni ebuyayo, umehluko wobude uzoba onembile 👍.

Kumodi ye-Barometer + (GPS noma i-DTM), umenzi uhlanganisa i-algorithm yokulungisa i-barometer ezenzakalelayo esekelwe esimisweni sokuthi ukukhuphuka okubonwa i-barometer, i-GPS noma i-DEM kufanele kuhambisane: lesi simiso sinikeza ukuguquguquka okukhulu kubasebenzisi futhi sifaneleka kahle ngaphandle. imisebenzi.

Nokho, umsebenzisi kufanele aqaphele imikhawulo:

• I-GPS isuselwe ku-geoid, ngakho-ke uma umsebenzisi ehamba endaweni yokwenziwa (isibonelo, ukuya ezindaweni zokulahla i-slag), izilungiso zizohlanekezelwa,
• I-DEM ibonisa indlela ephansi, uma umsebenzisi eboleka ingxenye ebalulekile yengqalasizinda yabantu (i-viaduct, ibhuloho, amabhuloho abahamba ngezinyawo, amahubhu, njll.), ukulungiswa kuzolungiswa.

Ngakho-ke, inqubo efanelekile yokuthola ukukhuphuka kokuphakama okunembile imi kanje:

1️⃣ Lungisa inzwa ye-barometric ekuqaleni. Ngaphandle kwalokhu kulungiselelwa, ubude buzoguqulwa (kushintshwe), umehluko kuleveli uzolunga uma ukukhukhuleka ngenxa yesimo sezulu kukuncane (umzila omfushane ongaphandle kwezintaba). Kubasebenzisi be-GPS yomndeni wakwaGarmin, ubude be-“gpx” busetshenziswa u-Garmin no-Strava emphakathini, ngakho-ke kuhle ukuthi ufake iphrofayili efanele yokuphakama kusizindalwazi.

2️⃣ Ukunciphisa ukukhukhuleka (iphutha ekuphakameni nasekuphakameni) ngenxa yesimo sezulu ohambweni olude (> 1 ihora) nasezintabeni:

• Gxila ekukhetheni I-Barometer + GPS, izindawo ezingaphandle ezinokukhululeka kokwenziwa (izindawo zokulahla, amagquma okwenziwa, njll.),
• Gxila ekukhetheni I-Barometer + DTM (MNT)uma ufake i-IGN DTM (igridi engu-5 x 5 m) noma i-Sonny DTM (e-France noma i-Europe) ngaphandle komzila osebenzisa inani elibalulekile lengqalasizinda (amabhuloho abahamba ngezinyawo, izindawo ezidlula ngaphezulu, njll.).

Ukuthuthukisa umehluko wobude

Inkinga yokuphakama echazwe emigqeni edlule ivame ukuzibonakalisa ngemva kokubona ukuthi umehluko wokuphakama phakathi kwabasebenzi ababili wehlukile noma uyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi ifundwa ku-GPS noma kuhlelo lokusebenza olufana ne-STRAVA (bona usizo lwe-STRAVA) isibonelo.

Okokuqala, udinga ukushuna i-GPS yakho ukuze unikeze ukuphakama okuthembeke kakhulu.

Kulula kakhulu ukuthola umehluko kumazinga ngokufunda imephu, ngokuvamile umsebenzi ulinganiselwe ekunqumeni umehluko phakathi kwamaphoyinti obukhulu obudlulele, nakuba, ukunemba, kuyadingeka ukubala imigqa yamakhonco ukuze uthole isamba. .

Ayikho imigqa evundlile efayelini ledijithali, isofthiwe ye-GPS, uhlelo lokusebenza lokuhlela ithrekhi, noma isofthiwe yokuhlaziya ilungiselelwa “ukuqongelela izinyathelo noma ukukhuphuka kokuphakama”.

Ngokuvamile "akukho qoqo" kungalungiselelwa:

• ku-TwoNav izinketho zokusetha zivamile kuwo wonke ama-GPS
• kwa-Gamin kufanele ubheke imanuwali yomsebenzisi kanye nesevisi yangemuva kokuthengisa (imodeli ngayinye inezici zayo ngokuya ngephrofayili yomsebenzisi ejwayelekile)
• uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-OpenTraveller lunenketho ephakamisa ukulungisa umkhawulo wokuzwela ukuze kutholwe umehluko wobude.

Wonke umuntu unesixazululo sakhe 💡.

Amawebhusayithi noma isoftware yokuhlaziya ku-inthanethi lwela ukushintsha ubude kusuka kumafayela e-"gpx" anedatha yawo yobude.

Isibonelo: I-STRAVA idale ifayela le-altimetry "lomdabu" elidalwe kusetshenziswa izindawo eziphakeme ezisuselwe kumathrekhi athathwe I-GPS eyaziwa nge-STRAVA futhi ifakwe inzwa ye-barometric Isixazululo esamukelwe sithatha ukuthi i-GPS yaziwa yi-STRAVA, ngakho-ke okwamanje itholakala ikakhulukazi ebangeni le-GARMIN, futhi ukwethembeka kwefayela kuthatha ukuthi umsebenzisi ngamunye unakekele ukusetha kabusha kokuphakama kwezandla. .

Ngokuqondene nemiphumela engokoqobo, inkinga ivela ikakhulukazi phakathi nokuhamba kweqembu, ngoba umhlanganyeli ngamunye 🚵 angase aqaphele ukuthi umehluko wabo wokuphakama uhlukile ezingeni labanye ababambiqhaza, kuye ngohlobo lwabo lwe-GPS, noma umsebenzisi onelukuluku lokwazi ongaqondi. kungani umehluko uwukuthi i-GPS altitude, isofthiwe yokuhlaziya noma i-STRAVA ihlukile.

Emhlabeni we-STRAVA ohlanzeke ngokuphelele, wonke amalungu eqembu labasebenzisi be-GPS GARMIN kufanele ngokomthetho abone ukuphakama okufanayo ku-GPS yabo kanye naku-STRAVA yabo. Kunengqondo ukuthi umehluko ungachazwa kuphela ukulungiswa kokuphakama, noma kunjalo akukho okuqinisekisa ukuthi umehluko wobude obubikiwe ulungile.

Kunengqondo ukuthi ilungu laleli qembu labasebenzisi eline-GPS engaziwa i-STRAVA kufanele libone umehluko wokuphakama ofanayo ku-STRAVA njengabasizi bakhe, nakuba umehluko weleveli oboniswa i-GPS yakhe uhlukile. Angasola imishini yakhe, esebenza ngendlela efanele.

Inani eliseduze neliyiqiniso lomehluko wobude lisatholakala e-FRANCE noma e-BELGIUM lapho kufundwa ikhadi le-IGN., ukusetshenziswa kwe-geoid ethuthuke kakhulu kuzohambisa uphawu lwendawo kancane kancane luye ku-GNSS

I-GNSS: I-Geolocation kanye Nokuzulazula Ngokusebenzisa Isistimu Yesathelayithi: Ukunquma indawo nesivinini sephoyinti phezulu noma endaweni eseduze Yomhlaba ngokucubungula amasignali omsakazo asuka kumasathelayithi okwenziwa amaningana atholwe ngaleso sikhathi.

Uma udinga ukuncika kusofthiwe noma kuhlelo lokusebenza ukuze uthole umehluko wokuphakama, kufanele ulungise le softhiwe ukuze ulungise inani lesinyathelo sokuqoqwa ngokuya ngemigqa yekhonta yemephu ye-IGN yesayithi, okungukuthi, amamitha ayi-5 noma ayi-10. Isinyathelo esincane sizophenduka sibe ukwehla konke ukugxuma okuncane noma ukuguqulwa kuya kumabhampa, futhi ngokuphambene nalokho, isinyathelo esiphakeme kakhulu sizosula ukuphakama kwamagquma amancane.

Ngemva kokusebenzisa lezi zincomo, ukuhlola kombhali kubonisa ukuthi amanani okuphakama atholwe kusetshenziswa i-GPS noma isofthiwe yokuhlaziya efakwe i-DEM ethembekile ahlala ngaphakathi kwebanga "elilungile", sicabanga ukuthi imephu ye-IGN nayo inokungaqiniseki kwayouma kuqhathaniswa nesilinganiso esitholwe ngekhadi le-IGN elingu-1/25.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inani elishicilelwe yi-STRAVA livamise ukweqiwa. Indlela esetshenziswa yi-STRAVA, esekelwe "kwimpendulo" evela kubasebenzisi, ngokwengqondo ikuvumela ukuthi ubikezele ukuhlangana okusheshayo kumanani asondelene kakhulu neqiniso, okumele, kuye ngenani lezivakashi, okumele kwenzeke kakade e-BikePark. noma amathrekhi amatasa kakhulu!

Ukukhombisa leli phuzu ngendlela ecacile, nakhu ukuhlaziya ithrekhi, ethathwe ngokungahleliwe, emgwaqeni omude onamagquma ongu-20 km. I-"barometric" ye-GPS altitude yamiswa ngaphambi kokuhamba, inikeza ukuphakama kwe-"Barometric + GPS", i-DTM iyi-DTM ethembekile eklanywe kabusha ukuze inembile. Singaphandle kwendawo lapho i-STRAVA ingaba nephrofayili ethembekile yokuphakama.

Lona umfanekiso wethrekhi lapho umehluko phakathi kwe-IGN ne-GPS umkhulu futhi umehluko phakathi kwe-IGN ne-STRAVA mncane kakhulu. ibanga eliphakathi kwe-GPS ne-STRAVA lingama-80m, futhi "IGN" yeqiniso iphakathi kwakho.

Ukuphakama
Ukuhamba	Ukufika	Isikhulu	iminithi	ukuphakama	Ukuchezuka / IGN
I-GPS (Isithiyo + GPS)	122	124	150	98	198	-30
Ukulungiswa kobude ku-DTM	122	122	150	98	198	-30
UKUDLA	280	+ 51
Amakhadi e-IGN	122	122	148	99	228,5	0