Kungani kwavela amafutha enjini: qaphela, mshayeli!
Okuqukethwe
Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwenjini okuvamile, uwoyela nesipholile kuhamba ngemigqa ehlukene futhi akuhlangani. Lapho ezinye izakhi zenjini zingaphumeleli, kuba nokungasebenzi kahle lapho uwoyela ungena endaweni evimbela ukuqhwa. Uma isimo esinjalo senzeka, kuyadingeka ukunquma imbangela yokuqhekeka futhi wazi ukuthi ungayiqeda kanjani.
Izimpawu nezimbangela zokungena kwamafutha ku-antifreeze, kungani kuyingozi
Ukuba khona kwamafutha ohlelweni lokupholisa kubonakala ngezimpawu eziningi okufanele wonke umshayeli aziqaphele. Njengoba lezi zinto eziwuketshezi akufanele zihlangane, akunandaba ukuthi ingakanani i-lubricant engene ku-antifreeze. Noma yiliphi inani lalo libonisa inkinga, ngakho-ke, ukuze kuvinjwe ukulungiswa okubizayo, kuyaphuthuma ukuhlonza nokuqeda imbangela.
Izici ezibalulekile:
- umbala nokuvumelana kwezinguquko ze-antifreeze. I-antifreeze evamile iwuketshezi olucacile olungaba nemibala ehlukene. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemoto, kuba mnyama kwayo kwemvelo, kodwa lokhu kuthatha isikhathi esiningi. Uma ubona ukufiphala okusheshayo kwe-coolant kanye nokwanda kwe-viscosity yayo, kanye namabala kawoyela, lokhu kubonisa ukuthi i-lubricant ingenile. Amadiphozithi anamafutha avela esivalweni;
Amadiphozithi anamafutha avela kusivalo serediyetha noma ithangi lokunweba - lapho i-radiator ivuliwe, ifilimu emnyama enamafutha ibonakala phezu koketshezi. Ukukhanya kwelanga kubonakala kuyo, futhi icwebezela ngemibala ehlukene;Uma uwoyela ungena ku-antifreeze, ushintsha umbala, ube mnyama futhi ube ne-viscous.
- i-antifreeze ehlanzekile iyahwamuka ebusweni beminwe, futhi uma kukhona amafutha kuyo, ifilimu enamafutha ihlala kuwo lapho i-coolant igujwa;
- ukuguqulwa kwephunga, iphunga elivuthayo livela, amafutha amaningi angena, iphunga elimnandi le-antifreeze;
- Injini ishisa kakhulu. Ukuba khona kwamafutha ku-coolent kunciphisa izici zayo kanye nephuzu elibilayo. Lokhu kubonakala ikakhulukazi esimweni sezulu esishisayo, lapho kushisa kakhulu, injini iqala ukusebenza ngokungazinzile;
- amabala kawoyela avela ezindongeni zethangi lokunweba;
- ngesivinini esikhulu senjini, amabhamuza omoya avela oketshezini ethangini lokunweba;
- intuthu emhlophe ephuma epayipini lokukhipha umoya.
Lapho izimpawu ezichaziwe zivela, kuyaphuthuma ukubheka imbangela yokungasebenzi kahle okunjalo. Kuzo zonke izimoto, izizathu zokuxuba uwoyela nokupholisa zizofana, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zinenjini kaphethiloli noma diesel.
Izizathu eziyinhloko:
- ukungasebenzi kahle kwekhanda le-cylinder: ukuqhekeka, ukuguqulwa;
- ukulimala kwe-cylinder head gasket;
- ukwephulwa kwepompo;
- ukuphuka kwe-cooler yamafutha noma i-oil cooler;
- ukugqwala kwemikhono;
- umonakalo ku-gasket yomshini wokushisa noma ukugqoka kwayo;
- ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-radiator namapayipi;
- ukulimala kwemigqa yamafutha yesistimu yokugcoba.
Ngokuvamile, lapho izinga le-liquid ohlelweni lokupholisa lehla, abashayeli bengeza leyo eseduze. Uma izici ze-antifreeze zingahambisani, ukusabela kungase kwenzeke okuholela ekulimazeni imigqa nezakhi zesistimu yokupholisa, futhi amafutha aqala ukungena kuwo.
Uma unganaki izimpawu zokungena kwamafutha ku-antifreeze futhi ungathathi izinyathelo ezifika ngesikhathi zokuqeda inkinga, lokhu kuzoholela emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu:
- ukugqoka okusheshayo kwama-bearings, njengoba esebenza endaweni engafanele;
- izindonga zamasilinda zigqwalile. I-Antifreeze iqala ukungena ekamelweni elivuthayo, lokhu kuholela esando samanzi, okuholela ekuqhumeni kwenjini;
- ukuxuba amafutha kanye ne-antifreeze kubangela ukusabela okubangela ukukhula, bangene esihlungini samafutha bese beyivala. Inqubo yokugcoba injini iphazamisekile;
- uwoyela wandisa i-viscosity yesipholile, futhi injini iqala ukushisa ngokweqile.
Ividiyo: izizathu zokuxuba amafutha ne-antifreeze
Ukucekelwa phansi komugqa kawoyela ku-cylinder block
Lapho imoto isebenza, uwoyela ohlelweni lokuthambisa ungaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu. Uma imifantu ivela ohlelweni, iqala ukuxubana ne-antifreeze. Amaseli erediyetha aqala ukuvaleka, injini ishisa ngokweqile futhi lokhu kungaholela ekugxumeni.
Ukungasebenzi kahle okunjalo kunganqunywa kuphela ngemuva kokuhlakazwa okuphelele kwe-motor. Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngokubheka injini emanzini ngaphansi komfutho womoya ophezulu. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa imishini ekhethekile. Umoya uzophuma ezindaweni lapho imigqa ilimele khona. Ukuxazulula izinkinga kwenziwa ngokufaka ithubhu yensimbi emgqeni owonakele. Inqubo enjalo ingenziwa kuphela ngochwepheshe esiteshini lapho kutholakala khona izinto ezidingekayo. Uma lokhu kwehluleka, kuzodingeka ukuthi ushintshe ngokuphelele i-cylinder block.
Ukugqokwa kwe-gasket ye-cylinder head
Lapho ubuqotho be-cylinder head gasket buphukile, iziteshi zokuhlinzeka ngamafutha kanye ne-antifreeze zixhunyiwe futhi lezi ketshezi ziyaxutshwa. Ukushintshwa ngesikhathi kwe-cylinder head gasket kuxazulula inkinga. Ngokuvamile, ukugaya ikhanda kusadingeka, njengoba i-geometry yayo ishintsha. Kungcono ukugaya ikhanda emishini ekhethekile. Ezinye izingcweti zikwenza ekhaya. Basebenzisa isondo elisha le-emery kulokhu, bahlikihle indawo ukuze balingane nohlangothi lwalo oluyisicaba. Ngale ndlela, ngeke kusebenze ukufeza ukukhishwa okufanayo kwesendlalelo sensimbi futhi akunconywa ukwenza lokhu. Ngemuva kwalokho, i-gasket ikhethwa ngokuhambisana nenani lensimbi ekhishwe ngesikhathi sokugaya.
Umgomo wokushintsha i-cylinder head gasket yezimoto ezahlukene uzofana:
- Isiteji sokulungiselela. Susa zonke izinamathiselo ezizophazamisa ukuhlakazwa kwekhanda lesilinda.
- Ukudiliza. Okokuqala, amabhawodi ekhanda ahlanzwa ukungcola. Bese, kusukela phakathi nendawo, qaqa wonke amabhawodi ngejika elilodwa. Ngemuva kwalokho, zikhulule ngokuphelele bese ususa ikhanda.Susa ikhanda bese uhlola ikhwalithi yendawo yayo ukuze ubone amagobolondo nemifantu
- Ukushintshwa kwe-gasket. Susa i-gasket endala bese ufaka entsha endaweni yayo.
- Umhlangano wenziwa ngokulandelana okuphambene. Ezimotweni ezahlukene, ukuhleleka kokuqinisa ama-bolts ekhanda le-cylinder kungase kuhluke, ngakho-ke udinga ukuthola umdwebo ofanele.
Imifantu emzimbeni wekhanda lesilinda
Uma uwoyela engena ku-antifreeze emotweni engenaso isihlukanisi samafutha, cishe imbangela enkulu ukuqhekeka kwekhanda lesilinda. Ukuze uhlonze ukungasebenzi kahle, kuzodingeka ususe ikhanda futhi ngesikhathi se-crimping yalo, unqume indawo yomonakalo. Uma kukhona ukufinyelela okujwayelekile kokuqhekeka, khona-ke kuhlanganiswe, bakwenza nge-argon welding, kodwa akuzona zonke iziteshi zesevisi ezinakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemva komsebenzi wokushisela, kuyadingeka ukuhlanza indawo ebuyiselwe futhi uyipholise. Uchwepheshe kuphela ongenza umsebenzi onjalo ngokufanelekile. Uma kwenzeka kungekho ukufinyelela endaweni yokulimala, kuzodingeka ushintshe ikhanda le-cylinder.
Uma ukuqhekeka kuvela ku-cylinder, ngeke kwenzeke ukukhomba ngokuzimela futhi ubhekane nenkinga. Kulokhu, udinga ukuxhumana nochwepheshe. Esitobhini, bazokwazi ukucacisa indawo yomonakalo. Ukulungisa kuqukethe ibhulokhi yemikhono. Lokhu kungenziwa kuphela esiteshini sesevisi ngezindlela ezimbili:
- ukupholisa i-liner nge-nitrogen ewuketshezi;
- vimba ukushisa.
Ngemuva kwalokho, imbobo kubhlokhi igcotshwa nge-sealant futhi umkhono ucindezelwe phakathi.
Ukuwohloka kwe-gasket yesishintshi sokushisa
Inkinga ingase iphakame uma izakhi zokuvala zesishintshi sokushisa (i-oil cooler) zingaqinile. Ukuze ulungise inkinga, kuyadingeka ukukhipha i-antifreeze, ususe isishintshi sokushisa, ugeze futhi uhlanze konke kahle. Wonke ama-gaskets athathelwa indawo amasha. Akufanele ulondoloze kulokhu, noma ngabe kubonakala kuwe ukuthi i-gasket isajwayelekile.
Uma kukhona imifantu kusishintshi sokushisa, kuzomele kushintshwe. Ngaphambi kokudiliza isishintshi sokushisa, ama-flushes amaningi esistimu yokupholisa ayenziwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa amanzi ase-distilled kuze kube yilapho ehlanzekile ngokuphelele uma ekhishwa.
Ezinye izizathu
Ngaphezu kwezizathu ezichaziwe, ukubonakala kwamafutha ku-antifreeze kungenzeka ezimweni ezinjalo:
- Ukuguqulwa kwekhanda lesilinda. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho injini ishisa ngokweqile. Iphutha liqedwa ngokugaya ikhanda.
- Ukulimala kwepayipi. Ngemva kokuhlonza izingxenye ezilimele, kufanele zishintshwe.
- Ukuwohloka kwephampu yamanzi. Uma imbangela kungukungasebenzi kahle kwepompo yamanzi, kuzodingeka isuswe futhi ifakwe entsha.
Ukuxazulula izinkinga
Ezinye izinkinga zingalungiswa uwedwa. Uma amafutha ku-antifreeze avela ngenxa yezinkinga nge-oil cooler gasket, khona-ke ukushintshwa kwayo kwenziwa kanje:
- Ukuhlanza isistimu yokupholisa. Faka uketshezi olukhethekile kurediyetha bese uqala injini. Ngemuva kokusebenza kwayo imizuzu engu-5-10, fan izovula, lokhu kuzobonisa ukuthi injini iyafudumala, ngemva kwalokho ivaliwe.Uhlelo lokupholisa lugezwa ngoketshezi olukhethekile
- Ukukhipha uketshezi olulahlwayo. Khipha ipulaki ku-radiator bese ukhipha uketshezi esitsheni esilungisiwe.I-antifreeze esetshenzisiwe ikhishwa ohlelweni lokupholisa
- Ukukhipha isipholile samafutha Ezimotweni ezahlukene, ukulandelana komsebenzi kuzohluka, ngakho-ke, kwenziwa ngokuhambisana nomklamo wemoto.
- Ukudiliza nokuhlanza isipholile samafutha. Susa ama-gaskets agugile futhi ufake amasha.Susa i-cooler kawoyela, uyihlanze kumadiphozithi bese ufaka ama-gaskets amasha
- Ukuhlanza nokuhlanza ithangi lokunweba.
- Ukufakwa kwe-cooler tank namafutha. Izingxenye ezisusiwe zifakwe endaweni.
- Geza kabusha. Yenza lokhu ngamanzi distilled. Ithululelwa ohlelweni lokupholisa, injini iyafudumala futhi ikhishwe. Yenza inqubo izikhathi eziningana kuze kukhishwe amanzi ahlanzekile.Ngemva kokufaka ama-cooler gaskets esikhundleni se-oil, geza injini ngamanzi a-distilled
- Ukugcwaliswa okupholile. Ngemuva kwalokho, ama-plugs avelayo kufanele asuswe. Injini iyaqala futhi umuntu oyedwa kufanele acindezele i-accelerator ukuze anyuse isivinini senjini, futhi owesibili ngalesi sikhathi acindezele ipayipi lesistimu yokupholisa. I-tank cap yokunweba kufanele ivalwe. Ngemuva kwalokho, isivalo siyavulwa futhi kukhishwa umoya oweqile.Lapho ususa ama-plugs, i-cap yethangi lokunweba kufanele ivalwe, bese ivuliwe futhi kukhishwa umoya oweqile.
Ividiyo: kushintsha ama-gaskets okushintsha ukushisa
Ngingakwazi ukushayela nge-antifreeze enamafutha?
Uma kunezimpawu zokuthi uwoyela ungene ohlelweni lokupholisa, ungakwazi ukusebenzisa imoto kuphela ukuya ekhaya noma esiteshini esiseduze. Kuyadingeka ukuqeda ukungasebenzi kahle okuhlonziwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukusebenza kwemoto lapho i-lubricant ne-antifreeze ixubene khona isikhathi eside kuzoholela ekulimaleni okukhulu, ngakho-ke udinga ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha ukuze uphume esimweni ngemiphumela emincane kanye nezindleko zemali encane.
Ukuze ugweme izinkinga ezinjalo, uma kudingekile ukwengeza i-antifreeze, uketshezi olufanayo kuphela okufanele lusetshenziswe njengoba lugcwele kakade. Kuyadingeka ukuqapha isimo lobuchwepheshe imoto. Uma uthola izimpawu ezibonisa ukuthi amafutha angena ohlelweni lokupholisa, udinga ukuthola imbangela futhi uyisuse ngokushesha. Uma lokhu kungeke kwenziwe ngokwakho, udinga ukuxhumana nochwepheshe.
