Isiqalo esibi esibandayo
Okuqukethwe
"Akuqali kahle kimi uma kubanda" - izikhalazo ezinjalo zingazwakala kumadoda esimweni sezulu esibandayo, lapho kuxoxwa ngezimoto. Uma imoto ingaqali kahle uma kubanda, kungachazwa izimpawu nokuziphatha okuhlukene, kodwa izinkinga ezidala ukuthi kwenzeke zivame ukucishe zifane. Izizathu zokuqalisa kanzima ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi: uphethiloli (injector, carburetor) noma udizili. Kulesi sihloko, sizocubungula izimo ezivame kakhulu zezinkinga ezifana nalezi:
Izizathu zokuthi kungani ukuqala okubandayo kubi
Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa izimo lapho izinkinga zivela khona. Eziyinhloko yilezi:
- imoto iyashisa futhi kunzima ukuyiqalisa;
- ayiqali kahle ngemva kokuphumula, lapho ipholile (ikakhulukazi ekuseni);
- uma inqaba ukuqala emakhazeni.
Bonke banama-nuances abo kanye nezizathu zokuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokwehlukana.. Sizoqonda ngokwejwayelekile ukuthi yiziphi izizathu eziholela ngokunembile ekuqaleni kabi kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi ebandayo. Ngokuvamile ukuzungezisa okukodwa noma okubili kwe-armature shaft yesiqalisi kwanele ukuqala imoto esesimweni esihle. Uma lokhu kwehluleka, udinga ukubheka ukuthi kungani.
Izizathu eziyinhloko:
| izizathu | Carburetor | Umjovo | Injini ye-diesel |
|---|---|---|---|
| Izinga likaphethiloli eliphansi | |||
| Ukusebenza kwephampu kaphethiloli okungekuhle | |||
| Isihlungi sikaphethiloli esivalekile | |||
| Umfutho kaphethiloli obuthakathaka | |||
| Izinga eliphansi likaphethiloli ku-carburetor | |||
| Isilawuli somfutho kaphethiloli esinephutha | |||
| Ukuvuza komoya | |||
| Isimo se-spark plug esingesihle | |||
| ukuphuka kwezintambo ezinamandla kagesi noma amakhoyili okuthungela | |||
| I-throttle engcolile | |||
| I-valve engenalutho engcolile | |||
| ukwehluleka kwezinzwa zomoya | |||
| Ukuphazamiseka kwenzwa yezinga lokushisa kwenjini | |||
| Ukuvuleka kwe-valve okuphukile noma okusethwe ngokungalungile | |||
| i-viscosity kawoyela ekhethwe ngokungalungile (eminyene kakhulu) | |||
| Ibhethri elibuthakathaka |
Kukhona nezinkinga ezingavamile, kodwa ezingabalulekile kangako. Sizobabala ngezansi.
Amathiphu okuxazulula izinkinga
Ezinjinini zikaphethiloli inkomba yokuthi iqala kabi futhi blunts on umkhuhlane kungaba I-Р °. Siqaqa, bheka: zigcwele - zichichima, sifuna amaphuzu ngokuqhubekayo; ingxube eyomile - engenawo amandla, siphinde silungise izinketho. Le ndlela yokuhlaziya izokuvumela ukuthi uqale ukucacisa ngezinto ezilula futhi kancane kancane usondele izizathu eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuqalisa okubandayo kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi, futhi ungazibheki empompini kaphethiloli, uhlukanise i-injector, ukhuphukele kumshini wesikhathi, uvule. i-cylinder block, njll.
Kodwa ngoba injini diesel okokuqala ohlwini lwamaphutha kuzoba ukucindezela okubuthakathaka. Ngakho abanikazi bezimoto zikadizili kufanele bamnake ngokukhethekile. Endaweni yesibili izinga likaphethiloli noma ukungahambisani kwayo nesikhathi sonyaka, futhi kowesithathu - ukuvutha kwamapulagi.
Amathiphu okuqalisa injini evuthayo yangaphakathi esimweni sezulu esibandayo
- Gcina ithangi ligcwele ukuze ukujiya kungabumbi futhi amanzi angangeni kuphethiloli.
- Vula i-beam ephezulu imizuzwana embalwa ngaphambi kokuqala - izobuyisela ingxenye yomthamo webhethri ngezinsuku zesithwathwa.
- Ngemva kokuvula ukhiye ekhikhini yokuthungela (emotweni yomjovo), linda imizuzwana embalwa kuze kudaleke ingcindezi evamile ohlelweni lukaphethiloli, bese uqala injini yomlilo yangaphakathi.
- Pump up uphethiloli ngesandla (emotweni ye-carburetor), kodwa ungayidluli, ngaphandle kwalokho izokhukhula amakhandlela.
- Izimoto zikaphethiloli, akumelanga uziqale zibandayo, qala ushintshele kuphethiloli!
Isijovo sokuqala esibandayo esibi
Into yokuqala okufanele uyinake uma imoto yomjovo ingasebenzi kahle izinzwa. Ukwehluleka kwezinye zazo kuholela ekuqaleni okunzima kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi, ngoba izimpawu ezingalungile zithunyelwa kuyunithi yekhompyutha. Ngokuvamile kunzima ukuqala uma kubanda:
- inzwa yokushisa epholile, i-DTOZH yazisa iyunithi yokulawula mayelana nesimo sokupholisa, idatha yenkomba ithinta ukuqala kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi (ngokungafani nemoto ye-carburetor), ukulungisa ukwakheka kwengxube yokusebenza;
- inzwa ye-throttle;
- inzwa yokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli;
- I-DMRV (noma i-MAP, inzwa yokucindezela eningi).
Uma konke kuhlelekile ngezinzwa, okokuqala udinga ukunaka ama-node alandelayo:
- Inkinga yokuqala ebandayo ngenxa ye-fuel pressure regulator. Yebo-ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-injector noma i-carburetor, uma imoto ebandayo ingaqali kahle, uma igijima, ijubane liyagxuma, futhi ngemva kokufudumala konke kuhamba kahle, okusho ukuthi isimo samakhandlela sibhekwa ngaphandle. sihluleka, futhi nge-multimeter sibheka amakhoyili nezintambo ze-BB.
- Baletha izinkinga eziningi imilomo edlulayouma kushisa ngaphandle, imoto ngeke iqale kahle enjinini evuthayo yangaphakathi, futhi ngenkathi ebandayo, umjovo oconsayo Imbangela kunzima ukuqala ekuseni. Ukuhlola lo mbono, kwanele nje ukukhulula ingcindezi evela ku-TS kusihlwa, ukuze kungabikho lutho lokudonsa, futhi ubheke umphumela ekuseni.
- Asikwazi ukukhipha inkinga enjalo ye-banal njengokuvuza komoya ohlelweni lwamandla - kwenza kube nzima ukuqala kwenjini ebandayo. futhi unake uphethiloli othululwe ethangini, ngoba ikhwalithi yayo ithinta kakhulu ukuqala kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi.
Ezimotweni ezifana ne-Audi 80 (ene-injector eyimishini), siqale sihlole i-nozzle yokuqala.
I-Carburetor ayiqali kahle uma kubanda
Iningi lezizathu zokuthi iqala kabi ku-carburetor ebandayo, noma ayiqali nhlobo, ihlotshaniswa nokungasebenzi kahle kwezakhi zohlelo lokuthungela njengokuthi: amakhandlela, izintambo ze-BB, ikhoyili noma ibhethri. Yingakho ke into yokuqala okufanele uyenze - Khipha amakhandlela - uma emanzi, khona-ke osebenza ngogesi unecala.
Okusemqoka izizathu zokuthi kungani ingaqali i-carburetor ebandayo:
- Ikhoyili yokuthungela.
- Shintsha.
- I-Trambler (isivalo noma isilayidi).
- i-carburetor engalungiswanga kahle.
- I-diaphragm yesiqalisi esilimele noma i-diaphragm yepompo likaphethiloli.
Kunjalo, uma umpompa uphethiloli ngaphambi kokuqala futhi ukhiphe ukumunca ngaphezulu, khona-ke kuqala kangcono. Kodwa, wonke lawa macebiso abalulekile lapho i-carburetor ihlelwe kahle futhi azikho izinkinga ngokushintsha noma amakhandlela.
Iseluleko esivela kumnikazi wemoto onolwazi lwe-VAZ 2110: "Lapho injini ingaqali enjini ebandayo, udinga ukucindezela kahle i-gas pedal, vula isiqalisi bese ukhulula i-pedal emuva ngokushesha nje lapho ibamba, gcina igesi. endaweni efanayo kuze kufudumale.”
Cabangela ezinye amacala ajwayelekileuma ingeke iqale lapho kubanda:
- lapho isiqalisi siphenduka, kodwa singabambi, kusho ukuthi akukho ukuthungela emakhandlelani, noma uphethiloli nawo awunikezwa;
- uma ibamba, kodwa ingaqali, cishe, ukuthungela kudilizwa phansi noma, futhi, uphethiloli;
- Uma isiqalisi singashwibi nhlobo, khona-ke cishe kunenkinga ngebhethri.
Kungani kunzima ukuqala i-carburetor ebandayo
Uma konke kujwayelekile ngamafutha, amakhandlela nezintambo, khona-ke ukushisa kungase kuphuze noma i-damper yokuqala ku-carburetor ingalungiswa. Nokho, Kungaba i-diaphragm ephukile ohlelweni lokuqala olubandayo?Futhi ukulungiswa kwe-valve nakho kukhuluma kakhulu.
Ukuze uthole ukusesha okusheshayo kwembangela yokuqala okubi kwe-ICE ebandayo ngesistimu yamandla e-carburetor ochwepheshe batusa ukuhlola kuqala: ama-spark plugs, izintambo zamandla kagesi aphezulu, i-carburetor starter, i-jet engasebenzi, bese kuphela lapho futhi uhlola othintana nabo be-breaker, isikhathi sokuvutha, ukusebenza kwepompo likaphethiloli kanye nesimo samashubhu e-vacuum booster.
Kunzima ukuqala ngodizili obandayo
Njengoba wazi, ukuqala injini ye-diesel kwenzeka ngenxa yokushisa nokucindezela, ngakho-ke, uma kungekho zinkinga ekusebenzeni kwebhethri nesiqalisi, kungaba khona izindlela ezi-3 eziyinhloko zokuthola isizathu sokuthi kungani injini yedizili ingaqali kahle. ekuseni kumakhaza:
- Ukucindezela okunganele.
- Ayikho ipulaki yenhlansi.
- Akukho noma ukunikezwa kukaphethiloli kuphukile.
Esinye sezizathu zokuthi udizili ungaqali emakhazeni, okungukuthi, ukuqala kabi kwenjini ye-diesel ngokujwayelekile - ukucindezela okubi. Uma ingaqali ekuseni, kodwa ibamba kusukela ku-pusher, bese kuba khona intuthu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka isikhathi esithile, khona-ke lokhu kuyi-90% yokucindezela okuphansi.
Ukuhlolwa kokucindezelwa kwe-ICE
Ihlola ukucindezelwa enjinini evuthayo yangaphakathi enegeji yokuminyanisa futhi engenazo izinsimbi ngezandla zakho. Ungakala kanjani ukucindezela kuphethiloli kanye nezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi zikadizili. Ukuxilongwa kokucindezelwa. Imininingwane eyengeziwe
Icala elivamile elivamile lapho umnikazi wemoto enenjini ye-diesel engakwazi ukuqala injini ebandayo, kodwa eshisayo iqala ngaphandle kwezinkinga - uma awekho ama-spark plugs. Bashisisa uphethiloli we-diesel kuze kube yilapho injini ye-diesel ifinyelela izinga lokushisa layo lokusebenza.
izinketho, Kungani amakhandlela engasebenzi?mhlawumbe ezintathu:
- amakhandlela ngokwawo anephutha;
- I-spark plug relay. Ukusebenza kwayo kulawulwa inzwa yezinga lokushisa elipholile. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuvamile, i-relay yenza ukuchofoza okuthulile lapho ukhiye uvuliwe ekushiseni ngaphambi kokuqala, futhi uma ungezwakali, khona-ke kufanelekile ukuwuthola ku-block futhi uyihlole;
- i-oxidation yesixhumi sepulaki ekhanyayo. Akufanelekile ukuchaza lapha ukuthi ama-oxide athinta kanjani ukuxhumana.
Izindlela ezi-3 zokuhlola amapulaki akhanyayo
Ukuze uhlole amapulaki e-diesel spark, ungakhetha izindlela eziningana:
- ukukala ukumelana kwabo (ekhandeni elingavaliwe) noma isekethe evulekile kumjikelezo wokushisa nge-multimeter (ihlolwe kumodi ye-tweeter, kokubili kufakwe enjini yangaphakathi yokuvutha nokuyikhulula);
- hlola isivinini kanye nezinga le-incadescence ebhethri ngokuyixhuma phansi kanye ne-electrode ephakathi nezintambo;
- ngaphandle kokukhipha isikulufo enjinini evuthayo yangaphakathi, xhuma ucingo oluphakathi nendawo kutheminali evumayo yebhethri ngelambu lokukhanyisa elingu-12 volt.
Uma amakhandlela esebenza, futhi enikwa amandla ngendlela efanele lapho ukuthungela kuvuliwe, khona-ke kwezinye izimo kuyadingeka ukuhlola ukucaciswa kwama-valve. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, bayaphambuka, futhi injini evuthayo yangaphakathi ebandayo ayivali ngokuphelele, futhi uma uyiqala futhi uyifudumeza, bese ivala futhi injini iqala ukuqala ngokujwayelekile uma kushisa.
Ama-injection kadizili angalungile, ngenxa yokuguga okuvamile noma ukungcola (isibabule nokunye ukungcola), kuyisici esibaluleke ngokufanayo. Kwezinye izimo, ama-injection aphonsa uphethiloli omningi emgqeni wokubuyisela (udinga ukwenza ukuhlolwa) noma isihlungi sikaphethiloli esingcolile.
Ukuphazamiseka kwamafutha kunzima kakhulu ukuqala injini yomlilo yangaphakathi. Ngakho-ke, uma injini ye-diesel iyeka ukuqala ekuseni, kungakhathaliseki izinga lokushisa ngaphandle, i-diesel fuel ishiya (i-valve ayibambeli emgqeni wokubuya), noma idonsa umoya, ezinye izinketho zincane kakhulu! Umoya ongena ohlelweni lukaphethiloli ungabangela injini yedizili ukuthi iqale kabi futhi ima.
amafutha aphelelwe yisikhathi noma ngokungcola okuvela eceleni. Uma kubanda ngaphandle futhi injini kadizili ingaqali noma iziteleka ngokushesha ngemva kokuyiqala, khona-ke inkinga ingase ibe kuphethiloli. I-DT idinga ukushintshela kwesizini "ehlobo", "ebusika" ngisho "ne-arctic" (ezindaweni ezibandayo ikakhulukazi) uphethiloli wedizili. Udizili awuqali ebusika ngoba uphethiloli wedizili ehlobo ongalungisiwe emakhazeni ushintsha ube ijeli kapharafini ethangini likaphethiloli nelayini likaphethiloli, ujiya futhi uvale isisefo sikaphethiloli.
Kulokhu, ukuqala injini ye-diesel kusizwa ukushisa uhlelo lwe-fuel nokufaka isihlungi sikaphethiloli. Amanzi ayiqhwa kusici sokuhlunga awethuli ubunzima. Ukuze uvimbele ukunqwabelana kwamanzi ohlelweni lukaphethiloli, ungathela utshwala obuncane ethangini noma isithasiselo esikhethekile kuphethiloli wedizili okuthiwa i-dehydrator.
Amathiphu abanikazi bezimoto zikadizili:
- Uma, ngemva kokuthela amanzi abilayo phezu kwesihlungi sikaphethiloli, imoto iqala futhi igijime ngokujwayelekile, i-diesel fuel ehlobo.
- Uma kukhona ukucindezela okuphansi kumzila we-fuel, ama-nozzles cishe athululela, awavali (ukusebenza kuhlolwe endaweni ekhethekile).
- Uma ukuhlolwa kubonise ukuthi ama-nozzles athululelwa emgqeni wokubuya, khona-ke inaliti ku-sprayer ayivuli (kuyadingeka ukuyishintsha).
Izizathu eziyi-10 zokuthi kungani izinjini zikadizili zingaqali ngokubanda
Uma injini ye-diesel ingaqali kahle emakhazeni, izizathu zingaqoqwa ohlwini olulodwa lwamaphuzu ayishumi:
- isiqalisi noma ukwehluleka kwebhethri.
- Ukucindezela okunganele.
- ukwehluleka komjovo/nozzle.
- umzuzu womjovo wawusethwe ngendlela engalungile, ngaphandle kokuvumelanisa nokusebenza kwephampu kaphethiloli enomfutho ophezulu (ibhande lesikhathi ligxume ngezinyo elilodwa).
- Umoya kuphethiloli.
- ukucaciswa kwe-valve kusethwe ngokungalungile.
- ukwephulwa kwesistimu yokushisa.
- Ukuphikiswa okwengeziwe ohlelweni lokuhlinzeka ngophethiloli.
- Ukumelana okwengeziwe ohlelweni lokukhipha umoya.
- Ukuhluleka kwangaphakathi kwephampu yomjovo.
Ngithemba ukuthi konke lokhu okungenhla kuzokusiza, futhi uma kungaxazululi inkinga ngokuqala injini evuthayo yangaphakathi ebandayo, okungenani izokuqondisa endleleni efanele yokuyiqeda ngokwakho noma ngosizo lwe- uchwepheshe.
