Ukudla ngokweqile noma ubuciko bokwehla kwamandla emali

1000 kanye nendlela engu-1 yokuyifutha ku-bronchi

Ngaphambi kweMpi Yezwe II, ukudla ngokweqile kwasebenza izithuthuthu ezimangalisayo. Ikhule kakhulu ngenxa yemboni yezindiza, njengoba izinjini zezindiza zalahlekelwa amandla amakhulu njengoba ziphakama. Ukukhubazeka Okubi ku-Air Combat! Ukwakhiwa kwezindiza, izikhali kanye nezithuthuthu kuxhumene kakhulu (isb. i-BSA imele i-Birmingham Small Arms!), isithuthuthu sikwazile ukuzuza ekudluliselweni kobuchwepheshe. Cabanga ukuthi ngo-1939 i-BMW 500 compressor flats yakha i-trifle esuka ku-80 hp. ifinyelela ku-8000 rpm futhi ifinyelele ku-225 km/h!

Ngakho-ke sasisendleleni efanele, kodwa phakathi kwama-fairings "okungenamsoco" adumile kakhulu kanye nezinjini ezigcwele kakhulu, amabhayisikili afinyelela isivinini esimangalisayo futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ayingozi kakhulu. Kufanele sikubeke esimeni sezikhathi, amasondo kanjalo namabhuleki abengaphezulu kakhulu kanye nengqalasizinda ebingekho. Ngokubhekene nezingozi eziningi ezibulalayo, imithetho yashintshwa kwathi lapho kusungulwa iWorld Championships ngo-1949, ukulayisha kwavalwa emiqhudelwaneni. Ngemva kwalesi sitobhi, inqubo idonsa kanzima ukuphinde ihambe ngesithuthuthu. Ngempela, ukukhuthaza kanjani ubuchwepheshe okwandisa kakhulu umkhiqizo ngaphandle kokuthembela emncintiswaneni? Eqinisweni, ukuma kwezentengiselwano kwezithuthuthu ezishibhile kwashintshashintsha, futhi zacishe zanyamalala ebangeni labo bonke abakhiqizi isikhathi eside. Nokho, ukudla ngokweqile kuhle!

I-Turbo Madness

Ngawo-1980, iNtshonalanga, ingakaze ilulame ekuthunjweni kokuqala kukawoyela (1973), yenza "ukunciphisa" kusenesikhathi ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwenjini. Ezimotweni, ukufuduka okukhulu akusenawo umoya kumaseyili, ngakho-ke siqala ukufutha izinjini ezincane nge-turbocharger. I-F1 isebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe ngentengo yokulingana ezohlala isikhathi eside: isifiso semvelo esingu-3 Ls no-1,5 Ls eshajwe kakhulu. Ngokushesha kakhulu, impi izoba ngokungalingani, ama-turbos amancane echoboza ngokoqobo "i-atmo" enkulu. Ngengcindezi yokushaja efinyelela ku-4 bar esiculweni samalitha ayi-1,5, ifinyelela ku-1200 hp. (!) lapho i-3L icishe ibe yingxenye enkulu. Ngokwesasasa elijwayelekile, ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka ngokugxuma nemingcele futhi budla ngokweqile busuka ku-F1 buya kuyo yonke imoto, busebenzisa ngokugcwele isithombe sabaqhudelana nabo. Lithathwe igagasi, ibhayisikili liqala ngempumelelo encane. 4 Izimoto zaseJapan ezathengiswa ngaleso sikhathi azizange zibe yimpumelelo ngenxa yokuntula ukwethembeka. Zinonya, zinezikhathi zokuphendula eziphezulu ze-turbo kanye nokuhamba kwazo njalo ngamabhayisikili njengoba ukwakheka kwazo kungagqugquzelwa kakhulu. I-Honda kuphela ehlola kabusha ikhophi yayo ngobuhlakani, ishintsha i-500 CX ene-turbocharged ngenguqulo ephucuzeke kakhulu ye-650. Ngamafuphi, i-turbo izobuyela ngokushesha ebhokisini layo futhi ingakhohlwa… Kuze kube yilapho i-Kawasaki isilethela ibhayisikili elisha elishajwe kakhulu nelihlaba umxhwele kakhulu, i-H2, kodwa kulokhu ngaphandle kwe-turbocharging. Ngempela, kunezindlela eziyinkulungwane nenye zokuqhumisa injini. Ake sibhekisise.

I-Turbocharger

Njengoba igama liphakamisa, isekelwe ekuhlanganiseni kwe-turbine ne-compressor. Umgomo uwukusebenzisa amandla ayinsalela amagesi akhipha umoya ukushayela i-turbine. Igxunyekwe ku-shaft exhunywe ku-compressor eyishayelayo ngempela, iphusha amagesi angenayo ngawo. Uma kukhuphuka ukugeleza kwegesi yokukhipha umoya, kuba namandla engeziwe i-turbine. Ngakho, kukhona ubuthakathaka obulinganiselwe emibusweni ephansi kakhulu. Namuhla, i-geometry turbos encane kakhulu eguquguqukayo cishe isula lesi sici. Ifakwe kuma-hydraulic bearings, i-turbo ingagijima ku-300 rpm !!!

Ukuhlanganisa: "mahhala" atholiwe amandla / ukusetshenziswa okuhle

Ngaphansi: Ukusebenza kahle okulinganiselwe ku-rpm ephansi kakhulu. Isikhathi sokuphendula esifushane. Ubunkimbinkimbi bemishini nezindawo ezishisa kakhulu okunzima ukuzilawula. (U-Tubo angase abe bomvu!). Ubunzima bokushaja isilinda esisodwa.

Ama-compressor wemishini

Lapha i-turbine ithathelwa indawo umshini osenjinini, ngakho-ke oshayela uhlelo lokuphakela ngempoqo ngokwalo. Lokhu kuzishaja kabusha zonke izinjini ngokuphumelelayo, ngisho nesilinda esincane sokususa endaweni eyodwa. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-compressor. I-Centrifugal, i-helical, i-centrifugal-axial, i-vanes (lesi isisombululo i-Peugeot esikhethele izikuta zayo ezingu-125) kanye nevolumu.

I-compressor ye-Lopalovy (uhlobo "izimpande") ibizwa ngokuthi "i-volumetric". Ishayelwa ngesivinini esiseduze nenjini, noma ifane, kodwa umthamo wayo, njengoba uphakeme kunalowo wenjini, amagesi aphushelwa endaweni yokungena. Ukukhuluma ngokuqinile, akukho ukucindezelwa kwangaphakathi ku-compressor, kodwa njengoba kusebenza ngaphezu kokususwa kwenjini, kukhona ukushajwa futhi ngenxa yalokho amandla anda.

Ezinye izinqubo zisebenzisa izinjini zomoya ezizungeza ngesivinini esikhulu futhi ngaleyo ndlela ziminyanise amagesi ngaphansi kwamandla we-centrifugal. Ku-Kawasaki H2, i-compressor imunca amagesi phakathi nendawo futhi iwakhiphe ku-turbine. Yijubane eliphezulu kakhulu lokuzungeza elidala lesi simo. Ixhunywe ku-crankshaft ngamagiya e-epicyclic, igijima ngokushesha ngokuphindwe ka-9,2, iletha cishe i-129 rpm lapho injini iginqika ukufika ku-000 rpm! Ngakho-ke, izinga lokukhishwa alifani neze njenge-compressor ye-lobe ngoba ukusebenza kahle kwevolumu ye-centrifugal compressor kukhuphuka ngesivinini, kodwa ukusebenza kahle komshini kungcono.

Okunye: Izinga lokudla elihlala njalo noma eliseduze, ngokunganaki ukudla, ukufinyeleleka okuhle kakhulu kanye ne-torque yonke indawo. Asikho isikhathi sokuphendula, akukho "indawo eshisayo" kanye nekhono lokushaja kabusha zonke izinjini, ngisho nesilinda esisodwa.

Ngaphansi: amandla asetshenziswa ukucindezela injini "awamahhala", ngakho abangela ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile nokusebenza kahle okuphansi

Isiguquli sikagesi

Lesi yisixazululo esivivinywayo njengamanje embonini yezimoto (e-Valeo): injini kagesi ishayela i-compressor ifike ku-70 rpm. Amandla kagesi angahlinzekwa yijeneretha ebuyisa amanye amandla ngesikhathi sokuncipha nokubhuleka. I-compressor ne-motor yayo inesisindo esingaba ngu-000 kg.

Funda kabanzi: Alukho uxhumano lwemishini kumotho noma indawo eshisayo. Ikhono lokulawula i-compressor lapho kudingeka, ngokubonisa izikhathi eziningi ukulinganisa ukuziphatha kwemoto lapho kudingeka khona. Asikho isikhathi sokuphendula (cishe 350ms, uma kuqhathaniswa cishe namasekhondi angu-2 nge-turbo!)

NgaphansiA: Kumandla kagesi ahilelekile (ngaphezu kuka-1000W) kunzima ukuthuthukisa ku-12V. Eqinisweni, kuyadingeka ukucabangela ukudlula i-42V ukuze unciphise ukuqina kwemisinga.

Intercooler * Kesako?

*i-air cooler

Njengoba kubonakala ngephampu yebhayisikili, umoya ocindezelweyo uyashisa. Lokhu kubi enjinini futhi kuthatha isikhala esiningi (ukunwetshwa). Ukuze uphole, umoya ocindezelwe udlula kurediyetha (ebuye ibizwe ngokuthi isishintshi somoya/somoya noma isishintshi somoya). Lokhu kukhulula injini futhi kukhuphule ingcindezi yomthwalo kanye/noma isilinganiso sokucindezela ukuze sivune ukusebenza kahle. Ngenxa yobukhulu nesisindo sazo, kanye nengcindezi ephansi yokuhlinzeka, izithuthuthu ngokuvamile azidingi isishintshi sokushisa. I-Peugeot, nokho, isebenzise eyodwa ku-Satelis compressor yayo.

Omunye umthwalo:

Ama-compressor we-Wave effect: esetshenziswa i-Ferrari kuFomula 1 ngeminyaka yawo-1980, manje isicishe yadlula. Kodwa-ke, sibonile embukisweni wezimoto i-Milan Motor Show ka-2016 inkampani eyethula uhlelo lwezigubhu olubizwa ngokuthi "ishaja yezigubhu", ehluke kakhulu ngokomgomo futhi engasebenzi kahle kakhulu kune "compounds" yeFerrari. Nalapha kusetshenziswa i-exhaust pressure ukulayisha injini. Lokhu kucindezela okwedlulele kushukumisa i-diaphragm, olunye uhlangothi lwayo oluthintana ngqo ne-inlet circuit. Isistimu ye-valve ibe isithululela amagesi avunyelwe enjinini lapho i-diaphragm inciphisa inani lokuthatha. Lapho umfutho usukhululiwe, intwasahlobo ibuyisela i-diaphragm endaweni emunca amagesi amasha ngesethi yokuqala yamavalvu. Ilula kakhulu futhi ayibizi, le nqubo ikhiqiza amandla angu-15 kuya ku-20%, ngokuncipha kancane kokusetshenziswa ngenxa yokutholakala kwenjini enkulu nge-rpm ephansi.

umthwalo wemvelo: kuhlanganisa ukulungisa injini (njengoba insimbi yomculo ishunwa) nokusebenzisa ukushaya komoya esimweni sokuthatha ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukugcwaliswa. Yilokhu ukwamukela ubude obuguquguqukayo obufuna ukuzuza phezu kwebanga elibanzi lezivinini. Ijubane lokushaja lingafinyelela ku-1,3. Okusho ukuthi, i-1000 cm3 enikeziwe inikeza ukudoba ngevolumu ye-1300 cm3.

Ukungenisa komoya okunamandla: Inqubo iwukusebenzisa isivinini sesithuthuthu ukunikeza umoya endaweni oyithathayo. Ukwenyuka kuncane kakhulu: 2% ku-200 km/h, 4% ku-300 km/h. Okusho ukuthi, i-1000 cm3 iziphatha njengo-1040 cm3 kuya ku-300 ... futhi siyisebenzisa ngokungavamile futhi isikhathi esifushane!

isiphetho

Ubuchwepheshe obuthembisa kakhulu, ukushaja ngokweqile kusafanele ukufakazele ezithuthuthu. Ukubuyela kwakhe ku-Endurance ekugcineni kumvulela iminyango. Ngempela, kusukela kusizini ka-2017/2018, amasilinda angu-3 afika ku-800 cm3 kanye namasilinda angu-2 afika ku-1000 avunyelwe esigabeni se-prototype. Ikusasa libonakala lifuna ukumoyizela "okuhlazisayo" kanye nesibindi (bakhushulwe hehe…) futhi amanye amahlebezi aseqala ukusabalala mayelana nokuvela kwamamodeli amasha wabakhi bomzimba.